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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Nov 2019To provide the level and trends of prevalence, incidence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017 by...
OBJECTIVES
To provide the level and trends of prevalence, incidence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017 by age, sex, Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite of sociodemographic factors) and Healthcare Access and Quality (an indicator of health system performance) Index.
METHODS
Data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2017 were used. GBD 2017 modelled the burden of RA for 195 countries from 1990 to 2017, through a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data to estimate prevalence, incidence and DALYs. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population, with uncertainty intervals (UIs).
RESULTS
Globally, the age-standardised point prevalence and annual incidence rates of RA were 246.6 (95% UI 222.4 to 270.8) and 14.9 (95% UI 13.3 to 16.4) in 2017, which increased by 7.4% (95% UI 5.3 to 9.4) and 8.2% (95% UI 5.9 to 10.5) from 1990, respectively. However, the age-standardised rate of RA DALYs per 100 000 population was 43.3 (95% UI 33.0 to 54.5) in 2017, which was a 3.6% (95% UI -9.7 to 0.3) decrease from the 1990 rate. The age-standardised prevalence and DALY rates increased with age and were higher in females; the rates peaked at 70-74 and 75-79 age groups for females and males, respectively. A non-linear association was found between age-standardised DALY rate and SDI. The global age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2012 but then increased and reached higher than expected levels in the following 5 years to 2017. The UK had the highest age-standardised prevalence rate (471.8 (95% UI 428.9 to 514.9)) and age-standardised incidence rate (27.5 (95% UI 24.7 to 30.0)) in 2017. Canada, Paraguay and Guatemala showed the largest increases in age-standardised prevalence rates (54.7% (95% UI 49.2 to 59.7), 41.8% (95% UI 35.0 to 48.6) and 37.0% (95% UI 30.9 to 43.9), respectively) and age-standardised incidence rates (48.2% (95% UI 41.5 to 55.1), 43.6% (95% UI 36.6 to 50.7) and 36.8% (95% UI 30.4 to 44.3), respectively) between 1990 and 2017.
CONCLUSIONS
RA is a major global public health challenge. The age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates are increasing, especially in countries such as Canada, Paraguay and Guatemala. Early identification and treatment of RA is vital especially among females, in order to reduce the ongoing burden of this condition. The quality of health data needs to be improved for better monitoring of disease burden.
Topics: Age Distribution; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 31511227
DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215920 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Mar 2022We aimed to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years and provide worldwide...
AIMS
We aimed to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years and provide worldwide incidence estimates for 2021.
METHODS
We used MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies reporting type 2 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents published between Jan 2000 and April 2021. We used a negative binomial regression model to develop a prediction equation to estimate incidence rates from country characteristics. We applied the resulting incidence predictions to country population data to estimate numbers of incident cases in children and adolescents by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) region and World Bank income classification group.
RESULTS
We estimate that there are approximately 41,600 new cases of diagnosed type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents in 2021 worldwide. Around 30% and 40% of the worldwide total incident cases are in IDF Western Pacific region and in World Bank upper-middle-income countries, respectively. The three countries with the highest estimated number of incident cases are China, India, and United States of America.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is substantial. More reliable data are needed to track the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Models, Statistical; Prevalence
PubMed: 35189261
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109785 -
International Wound Journal Nov 2023Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are usually reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally and to characterise the population as reported in these studies. Studies were identified from searches in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to November 2022. Studies were included if their primary outcomes were reported as a period prevalence or point prevalence or cumulative incidence or incidence VLU rate. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 reporting estimates of prevalence, three reporting both prevalence and incidence estimates and one incidence. All were included in meta-analyses. The results show a pooled prevalence of 0.32% and a pooled incidence of 0.17%. Our results highlighted an extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes for both prevalence and incidence, which prevent a meaningful interpretation of pooled indexes and argue for further studies with specific prevalence-type reported and target population under study.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Incidence; Varicose Ulcer
PubMed: 37293810
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14272 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Sep 2023To obtain updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To obtain updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2).
STUDY DESIGN
We conducted a systematic search of NF1 and NF2 incidence or prevalence studies, in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl. Studies were appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal tool. Pooled incidence and prevalence rates were estimated through random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
From 1,939 abstracts, 20 studies were fully appraised and 12 were included in the final review. Pooled NF1 prevalence was 1 in 3,164 (95%CI: 1 in 2,132-1 in 4,712). This was higher in studies that screened for NF1, compared to identification of NF1 through medical records (1 in 2,020 and 1 in 4,329, respectively). NF1 pooled birth incidence was 1 in 2,662 (95%CI: 1 in 1,968-1 in 3,601). There were only 2 studies on NF2 prevalence, so data were not pooled. Pooled NF2 birth incidence was 1.08 per 50,000 births (95%CI: 1 in 32,829-1 in 65,019).
CONCLUSION
We present updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of NF1 and NF2, to help plan for healthcare access and allocation. The prevalence of NF1 from screening studies is higher than from medical record studies, suggesting that the disease may be under recognized. More studies are needed regarding the prevalence of NF2.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Neurofibromatosis 1; Prevalence; Health Services Accessibility; Medical Records
PubMed: 37710322
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02911-2 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2023The possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not well understood. Because several inflammatory diseases have shown an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not well understood. Because several inflammatory diseases have shown an association with the risk for RLS, the measurement of serum/plasma levels of inflammatory factors has been a matter of a scarce number of studies. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the possible association of serum/plasma levels of inflammatory markers with the risk for RLS. Our results showed a significant trend towards higher serum/plasma C reactive protein (CRP) levels and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio in patients diagnosed with RLS than in controls, although statistical significance disappeared after applying the random-effects model. Further studies are needed to confirm the suggested possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of RLS.
Topics: Humans; Restless Legs Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 36634410
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101744 -
Musculoskeletal Care Dec 2020Cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR) is a disabling condition that has significant negative impacts on a person's mental health, physical functioning and social... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR) is a disabling condition that has significant negative impacts on a person's mental health, physical functioning and social participation. Research has reported variable CSR incidence and prevalence among different populations. To date, no systematic review has been completed investigating the prevalence or incidence of CSR; therefore, our objective was to determine the incidence and/or prevalence of CSR in adults.
DESIGN AND METHOD
A systematic review was conducted including searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to February 25, 2020. Studies including data on incidence and/or prevalence of CSR were included. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Hayden, Cote and Bombardier appraisal checklist. Data were analysed narratively.
RESULTS
Nine low- to high-quality studies were included in the final review. Incidence ranged between 0.832 and 1.79 per 1,000 person-years from two high-quality and one low-quality study. Prevalence values ranged from 1.21 to 5.8 per 1,000 from four medium- to high-quality studies. Prevalence values of 1.14% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-1.82] and 1.31% (95% CI: 0.66-1.96) for males and females, respectively, were reported from one medium-quality study. One medium-quality study reported an unadjusted prevalence value of 6.3% for males and females.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review investigating the epidemiology of CSR in an adult population. This review reports a variable incidence rate and prevalence of CSR among specific populations; however, this was based on nine studies. There is a priority to investigate CSR epidemiology across other populations globally and standardising CSR diagnostic criteria.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Radiculopathy
PubMed: 32710604
DOI: 10.1002/msc.1498 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Sep 2023Though hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, the integrated information on its global prevalence and incidence is relatively lacking. The aim of this research was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Though hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, the integrated information on its global prevalence and incidence is relatively lacking. The aim of this research was to assess the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus, thus providing reliable data reference for clinical practice.
METHODS
A systematic review of global hallux valgus research publications concerning its prevalence and incidence was performed based on six electronic databases ((PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Online Journals and CQVIP)) from their inception to November 16, 2022. The search terms included "hallux valgus or bunion and prevalence or incidence or epidemiology." All languages were included. Data were extracted by country, continent, age group, gender and other information. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data by using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimated prevalence was 19% (95% CI, 13% to 25%) (n=186,262,669) for hallux valgus. In subgroup meta-analyses, the prevalence of hallux valgus was 21.96% (95% CI, 10.95% to 35.46%) in Asia, 3% (95% CI, 0% to 15%) in Africa, 18.35% (95% CI, 11.65% to 26.16%) in Europe, 29.26% (95% CI, 4.8% to 63.26%) in Oceania, and 16.1% (95% CI, 5.9% to 30.05%) in North America, respectively. The pooled prevalence of hallux valgus by gender was 23.74% (95% CI, 16.21% to 32.21%) for females and 11.43% (95% CI, 6.18% to 18%) for males. The prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 2% to 26%) in individuals younger than 20 years old, 12.22% in adults aged 20-60 years (95% CI, 5.86% to 20.46%) and 22.7% in elderly people aged over 60 years (95% CI, 13.1% to 33.98%).
CONCLUSION
This research provided the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The global estimated pooled prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus was 19%. A higher prevalence of hallux valgus was found in females, Oceania countries, and among people aged over 60 years. Due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Hallux Valgus; Incidence; Prevalence; Bunion; China
PubMed: 37726760
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00661-9 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jul 2022Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an ultra-rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined the global epidemiology of...
BACKGROUND
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an ultra-rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined the global epidemiology of this condition.
METHODS
This study estimated the diagnosed incidence and 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year period prevalence of AL amyloidosis in 2018 for countries in and near Europe, and in the United States (US), Canada, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Russia. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify country-specific, age- and gender-specific diagnosed incidence of AL amyloidosis and observed survival data-point inputs for an incidence-to-prevalence model. Extrapolations were used to estimate incidence and prevalence for countries without registry or published epidemiological data.
RESULTS
Of 171 publications identified in the SLR, 10 records met the criteria for data extraction, and two records were included in the final incidence-to-prevalence model. In 2018, an estimated 74,000 AL amyloidosis cases worldwide were diagnosed during the preceding 20 years. The estimated incidence and 20-year prevalence rates were 10 and 51 cases per million population, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Orphan medicinal product designation criteria of the European Medicines Agency or Electronic Code of Federal Regulations indicate that a disease must not affect > 5 in 10,000 people across the European Union or affect < 200,000 people in the US. This study provides up-to-date epidemiological patterns of AL amyloidosis, which is vital for understanding the burden of the disease, increasing awareness, and to further research and treatment options.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis; Incidence; Prevalence; Registries; United States
PubMed: 35854312
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02414-6 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2021Coeliac disease is one of the most prevalent immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders in children. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Coeliac disease is one of the most prevalent immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders in children.
AIM
To review the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease, and their trends, regionally across Europe, overall and according to age at diagnosis.
METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2019, based on PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, searches of grey literature and websites and hand searching of reference lists. A total of 127 eligible studies were included.
RESULTS
The prevalence of previously undiagnosed coeliac disease from screening surveys (histology based) ranged from 0.10% to 3.03% (median = 0.70%), with a significantly increasing annual trend (P = 0.029). Prevalence since 2000 was significantly higher in northern Europe (1.60%) than in eastern (0.98%), southern (0.69%) and western (0.60%) Europe. Large increases in the incidence of diagnosed coeliac disease across Europe have reached 50 per 100 000 person-years in Scandinavia, Finland and Spain. The median age at diagnosis increased from 1.9 years before 1990 to 7.6 since 2000. Larger increases in incidence were found in older age groups than in infants and ages <5 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Paediatric coeliac disease incidence and prevalence have risen across Europe and appear highest in Scandinavia, Finland and Spain. The most recent evidence shows large increases in incidence in most regions, but stabilisation in some (notably Sweden and Finland). Sharp increases in the age at diagnosis may reflect increases in milder and asymptomatic cases diagnosed since reliable serology testing became widely used, through endomysial antibodies after 1990 and tissue transglutaminase antibodies around 2000.
Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Europe; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Prevalence
PubMed: 34115894
DOI: 10.1111/apt.16337 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Aug 2023While typically affecting older adults and immunocompromised individuals, herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) has been reported with varying manifestations and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
While typically affecting older adults and immunocompromised individuals, herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) has been reported with varying manifestations and complications in children. In this review, we evaluate reported cases of pediatric HZO in the literature and discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.
METHODS
A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed using the terms "pediatric herpes zoster ophthalmicus" and "herpes zoster ophthalmicus children." Publications that were not specific to HZO or pediatric populations were excluded, as were publications that were not available to review or not published in the English language.
RESULTS
Fifty-seven reports describing 130 cases of HZO or HZO-related complications were reviewed. Major risk factors for pediatric HZO included intrauterine exposure to varicella or primary varicella infection at a young age; HZO also occurred in patients who had received varicella vaccination. Both healthy and immunocompromised children were affected, with the majority of affected children being immunocompetent. The diagnosis of HZO is primarily clinical. Children appear to have good vision recovery and resolution of symptoms if they are treated promptly and if they adhere to treatment regimens, except for irreversible vision loss related to uncommon complications such as optic neuritis.
CONCLUSION
HZO occurs in both healthy and immunocompromised children. Recognizing this treatable condition is essential for reducing ocular and systemic morbidity. Long-term follow-up and assessments of the impact on health in adulthood are lacking. More systematic study is needed to determine the incidence of HZO in children and appropriate diagnostic and treatment protocols for the care of pediatric patients with HZO.
Topics: Humans; Child; Aged; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Chickenpox; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Incidence; Morbidity
PubMed: 36949170
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06033-0