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Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jul 2022Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the association of lower levels of vitamin D and comorbidities with the risk of COVID-19 infection.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published until August 20, 2021. Sixteen eligible studies were identified (386 631 patients, of whom 181 114 were male). We included observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated serum levels of vitamin D in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
RESULTS
Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found in COVID-19-positive patients (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.66; p=0.001), but with variation by study design (case-control: -4.04; 95% CI, -5.98 to -2.10; p<0.001; cohort: -0.39; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.84; p=0.538). This relationship was more prominent in female patients (MD, -2.18; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.28; p=0.024) than in male patients (MD, -1.74; 95% CI, -3.79 to 0.31; p=0.096). Male patients showed higher odds of having low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17; p<0.001) than female patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.86; p=0.477). Comorbidities showed inconsistent, but generally non-significant, associations with COVID-19 infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Low serum vitamin-D levels were significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. This relationship was stronger in female than in male COVID-19 patients. Limited evidence was found for the relationships between comorbidities and COVID-19 infection, warranting large population-based studies to clarify these associations.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35940187
DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.640 -
Molecular Psychiatry Jul 2021Many epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia. In particular, two prominent studies report an association between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Many epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia. In particular, two prominent studies report an association between neonatal vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of schizophrenia. In parallel, much has been learnt about the role of vitamin D in the developing central nervous system over the last two decades. Studies in rodent models of developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency describe how brain development is altered leading to a range of neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes of interest to schizophrenia. While glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems have been little investigated in these models, alterations in developing dopamine systems are frequently reported. There have been far more studies reporting patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to well controls. Here we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that basically confirms this association and extends this to first-episode psychosis. However, patients with schizophrenia also have poorer general health, poorer diets, are frequently less active and also have an increased risk of other medical conditions, all factors which reduce circulating vitamin D levels. Therefore, we would urge caution in any causal interpretation of this association. We also summarize the inconsistent results from existing vitamin D supplementation trials in patients with schizophrenia. In respect to animal models of adult vitamin D deficiency, such exposures produce subtle neurochemical alterations and effects on cognition but do not appear to produce behavioral phenotypes of relevance to schizophrenia. We conclude, the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency during early life may increase the risk of schizophrenia remains plausible and warrants ongoing research.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Dopamine; Humans; Schizophrenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33500553
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01025-0 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Growing evidence suggests a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and RAS. Hence, the present meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis sought to...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence suggests a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and RAS. Hence, the present meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis sought to investigate the potential association between low serum vitamin D levels and RAS.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched on December 1, 2022 to retrieve all relevant studies. The grey literature was also searched via ProQuest. All case-control studies on the association between vitamin D and RAS were considered. The quality appraisal of the included studies was done using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RevMan 5.0 and trial sequential analysis (TSA) programs were used for analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 14 case-control studies with 1468 subjects (721 RAS patients and 747 controls) were included. The pooled data revealed a significant association between low serum levels of vitamin D and the risk of RAS (mean difference = - 8.73, 95% CI: - 12.02 to - 5.44, I = 94%, P < 0.00001). Additionally, TSA findings indicated that the current studies surpassed the required information size, confirming that the differences were reliable.
CONCLUSION
The available evidence suggests that Vitamin D deficiency may have a role in the pathogenesis of RAS. Therefore, evaluation of vitamin D should be considered in RAS patients. Additionally, the results support the possibility of using vitamin D supplements in the management of RAS patients with inadequate serum levels of vitamin D. Future interventional studies are required to evaluate the benefits of vitamin D replacement in prevention and treatment of RAS.
PubMed: 37426194
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132191 -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Jul 2023Inadequate nutrition is linked to a wide range of detrimental chronic and infectious illness outcomes among the prison populations. However, there is a paucity of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Inadequate nutrition is linked to a wide range of detrimental chronic and infectious illness outcomes among the prison populations. However, there is a paucity of thorough analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among jail inmates. Consequently, in order to bridge this gap, we conducted a thorough research to ascertain the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among prisoners worldwide.
METHOD
Six computer-based literature indexes were thoroughly searched for topic focused publications. The I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity among the studies. The overall effect was assessed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. We used metafor package in R version 4.2.1 for the analysis of data.
RESULT
Out of 612 studies, 4 studies were included for analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55% among prisoners. On the other hand, 29.41% were found to have insufficient vitamin D levels.
CONCLUSION
Despite the scant available research, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among prisoners. Regular vitamin D status evaluations using reliable health tests, dietary inspection and supplementation are crucial.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID
CRD42023396203.
Topics: Vitamin D Deficiency; Prevalence; Prisoners; Humans; Incidence; Vitamin D; Diet
PubMed: 37348178
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102549 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a heavy burden worldwide. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a heavy burden worldwide. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, its deficiency is also a global health problem. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and systemic review to compare differences between HIV-infected subjects and non-HIV-infected subjects. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library. We extracted data, including demographic information, study type, vitamin D-related values, and HIV-related values, ultimately including 15 studies after removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts and finally performing a meta-analysis in terms of vitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency prevalence. Regarding VDD prevalence, the HIV vs. the non-HIV group had an odds ratio of 1.502 (95% CI, 1.023-2.205; = 0.038). In the subgroup analysis, the odds ratios were 1.647 (95% CI, 1.020-2.659; = 0.041; = 94.568) from 7 studies (age over 40), 2.120 (95% CI, 1.122-4.008; = 0.021; = 0.000) from 2 studies (BMI less than or equal to 25), 1.805 (95% CI, 1.373-2.372; = 0.042; = 74.576) from 7 studies (latitude <40), 2.120 (95% CI, 1.122-4.088; = 0.021; = 0.000) from 2 studies (only included male participants), and 2.296 (95% CI, 1.287-4.097; = 0.005; = 19.927) from 3 studies (only included ART-experienced participants). Thirteen studies were deemed to have moderate quality, while two had high quality. HIV infected subjects are prone to have VDD compared with general population. ART, older age, lower BMI, lower latitude and male sex may present risk factors for VDD in PLWH. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=228096.
PubMed: 34490331
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.722032 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2022Vitamin d-fortified bread has been proposed as a strategy to increase the average daily intake and serum status of this nutrient. This review aimed to bring together the... (Review)
Review
Vitamin d-fortified bread has been proposed as a strategy to increase the average daily intake and serum status of this nutrient. This review aimed to bring together the different types of scientific articles on vitamin d-fortified bread. The databases used for the research were PUBMED, WEB of SCIENCE and SCOPUS; all original indexed studies written in English, published between January 2000 and March 2021, were considered. Three important points were identified: i) theoretical models of fortification; ii) stability, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability studies of vitamin d-fortified breads; and iii) clinical effects of vitamin d-fortified breads. This review showed that vitamin d-fortified bread is a promising vehicle for fortification strategy effects, leading to increased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and decreased parathyroid hormone. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the effects and effectiveness of this fortification strategy in the prevention/treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Bread; Cholecalciferol; Food, Fortified; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 34649031
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131325 -
Cureus Mar 2024Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is marked by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and mucosal lining of the nose. CRS can be classified as CRS with nasal polyps or CRS... (Review)
Review
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is marked by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and mucosal lining of the nose. CRS can be classified as CRS with nasal polyps or CRS without polyps. In recent years, there has been increased attention on the immunological role of vitamin D in treating CRS, coupled with the observation of vitamin D deficiency among CRS patients. Vitamin D is acknowledged for its immunomodulatory properties, especially in allergic conditions. Recent studies suggest that individuals with CRS, especially those with CRS with nasal polyps, frequently demonstrate lower than normal levels of vitamin D. We conducted searches across various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library, both electronically and manually, to identify pertinent studies. Studies from 2003 to 2023 were included. Deficiency of vitamin D was considered with levels of vitamin D less than 30 ng/mL, and only original studies were included. Studies including patients taking vitamin D supplementation previously and patients with chronic kidney and liver diseases were excluded. We included nine studies that recruited 1,042 patients in total. More than half of the studies reported the presence of nasal polyps in CRS, and participants from four studies had CRS without nasal polyps. All of the included studies reported a negative correlation between levels of vitamin D and CRS. The majority of the studies depicted quite low levels of vitamin D among CRS patients. The degree of CRS severity as measured by endoscopic and radiological scores is moderately inversely correlated with vitamin D intake. Therefore, it is recommended that the relationship between various serum vitamin D concentrations and the severity of CRS be investigated in detail, along with an understanding of the cellular effects of vitamin D levels on the nasal mucosa.
PubMed: 38601384
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55955 -
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jul 2023Observational studies indicate a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events, but the underlying mechanisms...
Observational studies indicate a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events, but the underlying mechanisms behind this association are uncertain. This systematic review explores if there is an association between decreased vitamin D levels and a prothrombotic profile. The systematic literature search initially identified 3,214 studies (published until December 21, 2021) investigating the relationship between vitamin D and numerous hemostatic parameters. After the screening process, 18 observational and intervention studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Parameters of primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis, and fibrinolysis were investigated in six, thirteen, and fifteen of these studies, respectively. Most of the eligible studies did not identify significant associations between decreased vitamin D levels and hemostatic parameters. Some conflicting results were found between decreased vitamin D levels and thrombin generation parameters and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Conflicting results were also found between decreased vitamin D levels and fibrinolytic parameters, although the evidence may point toward weak associations with some regulators of fibrinolysis, mostly decreased tissue type plasminogen activator. Overall, our systematic review did not identify any definitive link between vitamin D deficiency and a prothrombotic profile, which might otherwise help explain the observed association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of thrombotic events. Moreover, there is no clinical evidence to confirm or refute a possible antithrombotic effect of vitamin D. Larger high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to better elucidate the link between vitamin D deficiency and a prothrombotic risk profile.
Topics: Humans; Fibrinolysis; Hemostasis; Vitamin D Deficiency; Thrombosis; Vitamin D; Hemostatics
PubMed: 36174611
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756701 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Dec 2020A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between the serum vitamin D level and dry eye. A systematic literature search was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between the serum vitamin D level and dry eye. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify clinical studies evaluating the association between vitamin D levels and dry eye. The random-effect model was used to combine the results. Possible sources of heterogeneity across studies were determined by meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. Overall, 10 studies (n = 18 919) were included. Patients with dry eye had a mean serum vitamin D level that was lower than that in healthy controls by 3.99 ng/ml (95% CI -6.57, -1.40; p = 0.002). The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index score was higher (mean difference 10.70, 95% CI 1.55-19.86; p = 0.02) and Schirmer's test without anaesthesia result was lower (mean difference 6.38 mm/5 min, 95% CI -10.48, -2.28; p = 0.002) in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in controls. Tear break-up time was comparable in the vitamin D deficiency and control groups (p = 0.15). Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results obtained were robust. This meta-analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse subjective symptoms and less tear production in patients with dry eye. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for dry eye syndrome. Prospective cohort and intervention studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D has a protective role in the development of dry eye.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32421222
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14470 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2022The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PROBLEM
The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to April 13th 2020. All the study measured the serum 25-OHD level in children, or classified the children based on the 25-OHD level into severe vitamin D deficiency, insufficient deficiency and comparing the prevalence of asthma in childhood were included in our study.
SAMPLE
A total of 35 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 24 studies were included for analyzing the association between 25-OHD level and asthma, and 12 studies evaluated the treatment effect of vitamin D.
RESULTS
The children with asthma (5711 participants) had significant lower 25-OHD level than children without asthma (21,561 participants) (21.7 ng/ml versus 26.5 ng/ml, SMD = -1.36, 95% = -2.40--0.32, P = 0.010). Besides, the children with asthma treated with vitamin D supplement had a significantly lower recurrence rate than the placebo group (18.4% versus 35.9%, RR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.35-0.79, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Children with asthma had a lower 25-OHD level than healthy children. Vitamin D supplement could decrease the asthma recurrence rate in the follow-up years.
IMPLICATIONS
This study implies that lower 25-OHD may cause asthma in childhood.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34366195
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.07.005