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Nature Biotechnology Aug 2023
Topics: RNA; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA Interference
PubMed: 37568014
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01885-7 -
The Plant Cell Aug 2022Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) refers to the silencing of genes in pathogens and pests by expressing homologous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) or artificial microRNAs... (Review)
Review
Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) refers to the silencing of genes in pathogens and pests by expressing homologous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) or artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in the host plant. The discovery of such trans-kingdom RNA silencing has enabled the development of RNA interference-based approaches for controlling diverse crop pathogens and pests. Although HIGS is a promising strategy, the mechanisms by which these regulatory RNAs translocate from plants to pathogens, and how they induce gene silencing in pathogens, are poorly understood. This lack of understanding has led to large variability in the efficacy of various HIGS treatments. This variability is likely due to multiple factors, such as the ability of the target pathogen or pest to take up and/or process RNA from the host, the specific genes and target sequences selected in the pathogen or pest for silencing, and where, when, and how the dsRNAs or amiRNAs are produced and translocated. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HIGS, identify key unanswered questions, and explore strategies for improving the efficacy and reproducibility of HIGS treatments in the control of crop diseases.
Topics: Gene Silencing; Plant Diseases; Plants; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35666177
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac165 -
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene... 2024In this review, there is a complete description of the classes of arboviruses, their evolutionary process, virus characterization, disease transmission methods; it also... (Review)
Review
In this review, there is a complete description of the classes of arboviruses, their evolutionary process, virus characterization, disease transmission methods; it also describes about the vectors involved in transmission and their mood of transmission, both biologically as well as non-biologically and, about host, the resistance mechanism in host, and artificial methods of preventing those viral transmissions. Arboviruses transmitted to hosts by some vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, etc. The virus replicates in the host can be prevented by some host resistance mechanisms like RNA interference (RNAi), which degrade virus RNA by its antiviral activity, insect repellents, IGRs, and PI technology.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Arboviruses; Virus Replication; RNA Interference; Biological Evolution; Mosquito Vectors
PubMed: 38073439
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2023049820 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used technique to regulate the expression of genes and proteins with a high degree of specificity that is not easily accessed by...
RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used technique to regulate the expression of genes and proteins with a high degree of specificity that is not easily accessed by traditional pharmacological approaches. For preclinical research on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), silencing of target genes in primary immune cells can be easily achieved by the application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and synthetic short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Cellular and systemic administration of siRNA or shRNA has been a significant advance in preclinical research on RA. In this chapter, the basic techniques for gene silencing in human-derived peripheral T cells using liposome-dependent siRNA transfection and lentiviral-mediated shRNA delivery, aiming at gene silencing of therapeutic targets, are introduced.
Topics: Humans; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Gene Silencing; Administration, Cutaneous; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 38270874
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_15 -
Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the... Nov 2023In recent years, there has been a surge in the innovative modification and application of the viral vector-based gene therapy field. Significant and consistent... (Review)
Review
In recent years, there has been a surge in the innovative modification and application of the viral vector-based gene therapy field. Significant and consistent improvements in the engineering, delivery, and safety of viral vectors have set the stage for their application as RNA interference (RNAi) delivery tools. Viral vector-based delivery of RNAi has made remarkable breakthroughs in the treatment of several debilitating diseases and disorders (e.g., neurological diseases); however, their novelty has yet to be fully applied and utilized for the treatment of cancer. This review highlights the most promising and emerging viral vector delivery tools for RNAi therapeutics while discussing the variables limiting their success and suitability for cancer therapy. Specifically, we outline different integrating and non-integrating viral platforms used for gene delivery, currently employed RNAi targets for anti-cancer effect, and various strategies used to optimize the safety and efficacy of these RNAi therapeutics. Most importantly, we provide great insight into what challenges exist in their application as cancer therapeutics and how these challenges can be effectively navigated to advance the field.
Topics: RNA Interference; Genetic Vectors; Genetic Therapy; Gene Transfer Techniques; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37735876
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.012 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2021RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology to regulate oncogenes for treating cancer. The primary limitation of siRNA for clinical application is the safe and... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology to regulate oncogenes for treating cancer. The primary limitation of siRNA for clinical application is the safe and efficacious delivery of therapeutic siRNA into target cells. Lipid-based delivery systems are developed to protect siRNA during the delivery process and to facilitate intracellular uptake. There is a significant progress in lipid nanoparticle systems that utilize cationic and protonatable amino lipid systems to deliver siRNA to tumors. Among these lipids, environment-responsive lipids are a class of novel lipid delivery systems that are capable of responding to the environment changes during the delivery process and demonstrate great promise for clinical translation for siRNA therapeutics. Protonatable or ionizable amino lipids and switchable lipids as well as pH-sensitive multifunctional amino lipids are the presentative environment-responsive lipids for siRNA delivery. These lipids are able to respond to environmental changes during the delivery process to facilitate efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery. Environment-responsive lipid/siRNA nanoparticles (ERLNP) are developed with the lipids and are tested for efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNA into the cytoplasm of cancer cells to silence target genes for cancer treatment in preclinical development. This review summarizes the recent developments in environment-response lipids and nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 33615743
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001294 -
Viruses Oct 2023Shrimp aquaculture has become a vital industry, meeting the growing global demand for seafood. Shrimp viral diseases have posed significant challenges to the aquaculture... (Review)
Review
Shrimp aquaculture has become a vital industry, meeting the growing global demand for seafood. Shrimp viral diseases have posed significant challenges to the aquaculture industry, causing major economic losses worldwide. Conventional treatment methods have proven to be ineffective in controlling these diseases. However, recent advances in RNA interference (RNAi) technology have opened new possibilities for combating shrimp viral diseases. This cutting-edge technology uses cellular machinery to silence specific viral genes, preventing viral replication and spread. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of RNAi-based therapies in various model organisms, paving the way for their use in shrimp health. By precisely targeting viral pathogens, RNAi has the potential to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to combat viral diseases in shrimp aquaculture. This review paper provides an overview of RNAi-based therapy and its potential as a game-changer for shrimp viral diseases. We discuss the principles of RNAi, its application in combating viral infections, and the current progress made in RNAi-based therapy for shrimp viral diseases. We also address the challenges and prospects of this innovative approach.
Topics: Animals; RNAi Therapeutics; RNA Interference; Virus Diseases; Crustacea; Aquaculture
PubMed: 37896827
DOI: 10.3390/v15102050 -
RNAi therapies: Expanding applications for extrahepatic diseases and overcoming delivery challenges.Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Oct 2023The era of RNA medicine has become a reality with the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 and the approval of several RNA interference (RNAi)... (Review)
Review
The era of RNA medicine has become a reality with the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 and the approval of several RNA interference (RNAi) agents in recent years. Particularly, therapeutics based on RNAi offer the promise of targeting intractable and previously undruggable disease genes. Recent advances have focused in developing delivery systems to enhance the poor cellular uptake and insufficient pharmacokinetic properties of RNAi therapeutics and thereby improve its efficacy and safety. However, such approach has been mainly achieved via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or chemical conjugation with N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), thus current RNAi therapy has been limited to liver diseases, most likely to encounter liver-targeting limitations. Hence, there is a huge unmet medical need for intense evolution of RNAi therapeutics delivery systems to target extrahepatic tissues and ultimately extend their indications for treating various intractable diseases. In this review, challenges of delivering RNAi therapeutics to tumors and major organs are discussed, as well as their transition to clinical trials. This review also highlights innovative and promising preclinical RNAi-based delivery platforms for the treatment of extrahepatic diseases.
Topics: Humans; RNAi Therapeutics; RNA, Small Interfering; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; RNA Interference; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37657644
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115073 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Mar 2023RNA molecules have emerged as increasingly attractive biomaterials with important applications such as RNA interference (RNAi) for cancer treatment and mRNA vaccines...
RNA molecules have emerged as increasingly attractive biomaterials with important applications such as RNA interference (RNAi) for cancer treatment and mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases. However, it remains challenging to engineer RNA biomaterials with sophisticated functions such as non-covalent light-switching ability. Herein, light-responsive RNA-protein nanowires are engineered to have such functions. It first demonstrates that the high affinity of RNA aptamer enables the formation of long RNA-protein nanowires through designing a dimeric RNA aptamer and an engineered green fluorescence protein (GFP) that contains two TAT-derived peptides at N- and C- termini. GFP is then replaced with an optogenetic protein pair system, LOV2 (light-oxygen-voltage) protein and its binding partner ZDK (Z subunit of protein A), to confer blue light-controlled photo-switching ability. The light-responsive nanowires are long (>500 nm) in the dark, but small (20-30 nm) when exposed to light. Importantly, the co-assembly of this RNA-protein hybrid biomaterial does not rely on the photochemistry commonly used for light-responsive biomaterials, such as bond formation, cleavage, and isomerization, and is thus reversible. These RNA-protein structures can serve as a new class of light-controlled biocompatible frameworks for incorporating versatile elements such as RNA, DNA, and enzymes.
Topics: RNA; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Nanowires; RNA Interference; Peptides; Green Fluorescent Proteins
PubMed: 36642821
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206513 -
Viruses Aug 2020RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA)... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have demonstrated efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases. Bioinformatics has played an important role in the design of efficient RNAi sequences targeting various pathogenic viruses. However, stability and delivery of RNAi molecules have presented serious obstacles for reaching therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, RNA modifications and formulation of nanoparticles have proven useful for non-viral delivery of RNAi molecules. On the other hand, utilization of viral vectors and particularly self-replicating RNA virus vectors can be considered as an attractive alternative. In this review, examples of antiviral therapy applying RNAi-based approaches in various animal models will be described. Due to the current coronavirus pandemic, a special emphasis will be dedicated to targeting Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Computational Biology; Coronavirus Infections; Gene Silencing; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; RNA Interference
PubMed: 32842491
DOI: 10.3390/v12090924