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Journal of Controlled Release :... Jul 2020Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide despite significant therapeutic advancements and improved detection methods. Nucleic acid (NA) therapeutics... (Review)
Review
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide despite significant therapeutic advancements and improved detection methods. Nucleic acid (NA) therapeutics are receiving increasing attention for cancer management and cure. Indeed, ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotides (such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA)), messenger RNA (mRNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (such as plasmidic DNA (pDNA) and minicircle DNA (mcDNA)), have demonstrated potential as novel therapeutic agents. The imposing prospects of NA-based therapeutics reside in their ability to act as key-players mediating cellular pathways and bestowing potent gene silencing properties, as in the case of RNA interference (RNAi) agents, or by promoting the expression of specific required proteins for disease management (pDNA, mcDNA and mRNA, for instance). However, efficient NA therapeutics delivery is seriously hampered by NA physicochemical features, low in vivo serum stability and compromised cellular internalization, which swiftly reduce their biological activities. Recently, nano-based systems emerged as suitable vehicles for NA delivery. This review covers NA-carrying micelleplexes as robust and multifunctional polymer-based NA delivery systems, as well as the specific in vivo challenges for successful NA delivery to cancer cells and their prospects to become clinical reality, followed by a critical analysis of the major in vivo micelleplex-based cancer-targeted strategies accomplished till the present day.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Micelles; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Polymers; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 32353488
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.041 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Mar 2022Neurogenetic diseases are neurological conditions with a genetic cause (s). There are thousands of neurogenetic diseases, and most of them are incurable. The development... (Review)
Review
Neurogenetic diseases are neurological conditions with a genetic cause (s). There are thousands of neurogenetic diseases, and most of them are incurable. The development of bioinformatics and elucidation of the mechanism of pathogenesis have allowed the development of gene therapy approaches, which show great potential in treating neurogenetic diseases. Viral vectors delivery, antisense oligonucleotides, gene editing, RNA interference, and burgeoning viroid delivery technique are promising gene therapy strategies, and commendable therapeutic effects in the treatment of neurogenetic diseases have been achieved (Fig. 1). This review highlights a sampling of advances in gene therapies for neurogenetic disorders. Fig. 1 Examples of gene therapy strategies used in the treatment of neurogenetic diseases. The schematic diagram shows different gene therapy approaches used for treating a sampling of neurogenetic disorders, such as ASO therapy, gene editing, gene augmentation, and RNA interference.
Topics: Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; RNA Interference
PubMed: 34837498
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02167-y -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Trans-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) has been reported in several plant-fungal pathosystems. Our recent works have demonstrated natural RNAi transmission from cotton...
Trans-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) has been reported in several plant-fungal pathosystems. Our recent works have demonstrated natural RNAi transmission from cotton plants into Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that infects host roots and proliferates in vascular tissues, and successful application of trans-kingdom RNAi in cotton plants to confer Verticillium wilt disease resistance. Here, we provide a detailed protocol of cotton infection with V. dahliae, fungal hyphae recovery from infected cotton stems, and transmitted small RNA detection developed from our previous studies for trans-kingdom RNAi assays.
Topics: Disease Resistance; Mycoses; Plant Diseases; RNA Interference; Verticillium
PubMed: 35325427
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_16 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Aug 2021Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism conserved in almost all eukaryotes. sRNAs play a critical role in host pathogen interactions... (Review)
Review
Small RNA (sRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism conserved in almost all eukaryotes. sRNAs play a critical role in host pathogen interactions either endogenously or by traveling between the interacting organisms and inducing 'cross-Kingdom RNAi' in the counterparty. Cross-kingdom RNAi is the mechanistic basis of host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which relies on genetically expressing pathogen-gene targeting RNAs in crops, and has been successfully utilized against both microbial pathogens and pests. HIGS is limited by the need to produce genetically engineered crops. Recent studies have demonstrated that double-stranded RNAs and sRNAs can be efficiently taken up by many fungal pathogens, and induce gene silencing in fungal cells. This mechanism, termed 'environmental RNAi', allows direct application of pathogen-gene targeting RNAs onto crops to silence fungal virulence-related genes for plant protection. In this review, we will focus on how we can leverage cross-kingdom RNAi and environmental RNAi for crop disease control.
Topics: Crop Protection; Crops, Agricultural; RNA Interference; RNA, Plant; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 34217122
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.005 -
Journal of Biosciences 2020The two biological evidences to endorse the antiviral activity of RNA interference (RNAi) are biogenesis of viral-siRNA (v-siRNA) by the host and encoding of... (Review)
Review
The two biological evidences to endorse the antiviral activity of RNA interference (RNAi) are biogenesis of viral-siRNA (v-siRNA) by the host and encoding of RNAi-suppressor protein by viral genome. It has been recently established that mammals and mammalian cell lines mount antiviral RNAi to defend themselves against the invading viruses. The large part of viral pathogenicity is also due to the RNAi suppressor proteins. In this context it is only natural to ask what kinds of RNAi suppressors are encoded by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the central character of the present pandemic. The following mini review addresses this question.
Topics: Animals; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Coronavirus Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; SARS-CoV-2; Vero Cells; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 32713862
DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00071-0 -
Nature Reviews. Nephrology Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Antihypertensive Agents; RNA Interference; Hypertension
PubMed: 37612379
DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00765-2 -
Pest Management Science Jun 2021Low RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in many insect pests has significantly prevented its widespread application for insect pest management. This article provides a... (Review)
Review
Low RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in many insect pests has significantly prevented its widespread application for insect pest management. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research in developing various strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Our review focuses on the strategies in target gene selection and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery technologies. For target gene selection, genome-wide or large-scale screening strategies have been used to identify most susceptible target genes for RNAi. Other strategies include the design of dsRNA constructs and manipulate the structure of dsRNA to maximize the RNA efficiency for a target gene. For dsRNA delivery strategies, much recent research has focused on the applications of complexed or encapsulated dsRNA using various reagents, polymers, or peptides to enhance dsRNA stability and cellular uptake. Other dsRNA delivery strategies include genetic engineering of microbes (e.g. fungi, bacteria, and viruses) and plants to produce insect-specific dsRNA. The ingestion of the dsRNA-producing organisms or tissues will have lethal or detrimental effects on the target insect pests. This article also identifies obstacles to further developing RNAi for insect pest management and suggests future avenues of research that will maximize the potential for using RNAi for insect pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Insecta; Pest Control; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded
PubMed: 33440063
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6277 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Apr 2021RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the important mechanisms to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. One of the original functions of RNAi is to facilitate the... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the important mechanisms to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. One of the original functions of RNAi is to facilitate the antiviral strategy of host. Early studies reveal that invertebrates can use RNAi to resist viruses. However, if this mechanism exists in mammals is still controversial. The latest studies confirm that mammals do have the RNAi-based immunity, and researchers believe that RNAi-based antiviral immunity is a brand-new immunological mechanism that was neglected in the past. It is worthy to note that virus can also use RNAi to enhance its infectivity and immune escape in host cells. This review introduces the research history of RNAi-based antiviral immunity in animals and summarizes the main findings in this field. Last but not least, we indicate a series of unresolved questions about RNAi-based antiviral immunity, and explore the relationship between RNAi-based antiviral immunity and other innate immunological pathways. The virus-mediated RNAi pathway in animal is not only an interesting basic biology question, but also has important guiding roles in the development of antiviral drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Immunity, Innate; Mammals; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 33973438
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200665 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Apr 2020RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process through which double-stranded RNA molecules can silence the gene carrying the same code as the particular RNA of interest.... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process through which double-stranded RNA molecules can silence the gene carrying the same code as the particular RNA of interest. In 2006, the discovery of RNAi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and its success has accumulated since. Gene silencing through RNAi has been used successfully in a broad range of diseases, and, more recently, this technique has gained interest in the field of organ transplantation. Here, genes related to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or graft rejection may be silenced to improve organ quality after transplantation. Several strategies have been used to deliver siRNA, and pretransplant machine perfusion presents a unique opportunity to deliver siRNA to the target organ during ex situ preservation. In this review, the potential of RNAi in the field of organ transplantation will be discussed. A brief overview on the discovery of RNAi, its mechanism, and limitations are included. In addition, studies using RNAi to target genes related to IRI in liver, kidney, lung, and heart transplantation are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Organ Transplantation; Perfusion; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 31680428
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15689 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022RNA-based strategies for plant disease management offer an attractive alternative to agrochemicals that negatively impact human and ecosystem health and lead to pathogen... (Review)
Review
RNA-based strategies for plant disease management offer an attractive alternative to agrochemicals that negatively impact human and ecosystem health and lead to pathogen resistance. There has been recent interest in using mycoviruses for fungal disease control after it was discovered that some cause hypovirulence in fungal pathogens, which refers to a decline in the ability of a pathogen to cause disease. , the causal agent of chestnut blight, has set an ideal model of management through the release of hypovirulent strains. However, mycovirus-based management of plant diseases is still restricted by limited approaches to search for viruses causing hypovirulence and the lack of protocols allowing effective and systemic virus infection in pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi), the eukaryotic cell system that recognizes RNA sequences and specifically degrades them, represents a promising. RNA-based disease management method. The natural occurrence of cross-kingdom RNAi provides a basis for host-induced gene silencing, while the ability of most pathogens to uptake exogenous small RNAs enables the use of spray-induced gene silencing techniques. This review describes the mechanisms behind and the potential of two RNA-based strategies, mycoviruses and RNAi, for plant disease management. Successful applications are discussed, as well as the research gaps and limitations that remain to be addressed.
Topics: Ecosystem; Fungal Viruses; Humans; Plant Diseases; Plants; RNA; RNA Interference; Viruses
PubMed: 36012499
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169236