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American Family Physician Mar 2020Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is performed by a physician at the bedside and is standard practice in obstetric, emergency, and musculoskeletal medicine. When... (Review)
Review
Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is performed by a physician at the bedside and is standard practice in obstetric, emergency, and musculoskeletal medicine. When compared with formal sonography, POCUS is equivalent in screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm and as accurate in diagnosing deep venous thrombosis. POCUS has high accuracy for diagnosing pneumonia and detecting acute decompensated heart failure but is less accurate than computed tomography for identifying pulmonary embolism. POCUS confirmation of intrauterine pregnancy rules out an ectopic pregnancy. In the third trimester of high-risk pregnancies, umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonography can improve perinatal outcomes. Musculoskeletal POCUS is used to diagnose and guide treatment of many joint and soft tissue conditions. It is as accurate as magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of complete rotator cuff tears. Ultrasound guidance improves outcomes in the placement of central venous catheters and fluid drainage from body cavities and lumbar punctures. Ultrasonography can reduce the use of CT for diagnosis of appendicitis; however, negative scan results do not rule out disease. POCUS can accurately diagnose and rule out gallbladder pathology, and is effective for diagnosing urolithiasis. Focused cardiac ultrasonography can detect pericardial effusion and decreased systolic function, but is less accurate than lung ultrasonography at diagnosing acute heart failure. Limited evidence demonstrates a benefit of diagnosing testicular and gynecologic conditions. The American College of Emergency Physicians, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, the American College of Radiology, and others offer POCUS training. Training standards for POCUS have been defined for residency programs but are less established for credentialing.
Topics: Abscess; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Appendicitis; Cellulitis; Clinical Competence; Colic; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Intracranial Hypertension; Lung; Male; Pericardial Effusion; Point-of-Care Systems; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Retinal Detachment; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Soft Tissue Infections; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Stroke Volume; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 32109031
DOI: No ID Found -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2023Infant colic is characterized by excessive and often inconsolable crying in an otherwise healthy and well-fed infant. Infant crying follows a developmental pattern,... (Review)
Review
Infant colic is characterized by excessive and often inconsolable crying in an otherwise healthy and well-fed infant. Infant crying follows a developmental pattern, starting to increase around 2 weeks of age (corrected for gestational age at birth), peaking at 5 to 6 weeks, and trailing down by about 12 weeks. There is also a circadian component in that infants cry more in the evening than at other times. Infant colic can be thought of as an amplified version of the maturational, circadian-influenced behavior of infant crying. There is substantial evidence for an association between infant colic and migraine. Children with migraine are more likely to have been colicky as infants, and in a prospective, population-based study, young adults with migraine without aura were more than twice as likely to have been colicky as infants. Mothers with migraine are more likely to have infants with colic, particularly those mothers with higher headache frequency. Clinicians should be aware of these associations in order to be able to counsel appropriately pregnant women with migraine about the possibility of having an infant with colic (and its time-limited nature), and to help make an accurate diagnosis of migraine in children and adolescents presenting with recurrent headaches.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Colic; Prospective Studies; Migraine Disorders; Headache; Crying
PubMed: 38043962
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823356-6.00010-X -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. () is considered as a new potential economical therapy for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. () is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various strains' application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases.
METHODS
The summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
The therapeutic effects of in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study.
CONCLUSION
This review focuses on the probiotic effects of on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.
Topics: Humans; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Colic; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Digestive System Diseases; Constipation; Abdominal Pain; Diarrhea; Diverticulitis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37662007
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254198 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Apr 2024Cantharidin is the toxic component of blister beetles of the genus Epicauta. Cantharidin is a potent vesicant which causes blisters, erosions, and ulcerations in the... (Review)
Review
Cantharidin is the toxic component of blister beetles of the genus Epicauta. Cantharidin is a potent vesicant which causes blisters, erosions, and ulcerations in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and can cause myocardial necrosis. Blister beetles are found over most of North America and specifically contaminate alfalfa at harvest. History of alfalfa feeding, with colic, dysuria, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia are suggestive of blister beetle toxicosis. Myocardial damage causes increased serum cardiac troponin 1. Tentative diagnosis can be made by finding the beetles in feed or ingesta. Definitive diagnosis requires detection of cantharidin in urine or gastric contents. Treatment involves ending exposure, decreasing absorption, controlling pain, using gastroprotectants, and fluids and electrolyte replacement. Prognosis is guarded to poor.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Cantharidin; Horse Diseases; Coleoptera; Colic; Pain
PubMed: 37716858
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.08.002 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Feb 2024This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that employed probiotics and symbiotics for treating infantile colic. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that employed probiotics and symbiotics for treating infantile colic.
METHODS
We performed electronic systematic literature searches in Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, to identify articles published between 1950 and April 2023. Only RCT involving infants with infantile colic under 3 months were included. The treatment plan comprised 15 probiotics, which included Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12. The probiotics were administered alone or in combination with a prebiotic, vs. no intervention or a placebo.
RESULTS
Probiotics resulted in an average reduction of 51 min of crying per day (p = 0.001). Further analysis of subgroups showed that the reduction was -39.30 min for vaginal delivery (p = 0.003), -64.66 min for Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (p = 0.03), -40.45 min for other strains (p < 0.00001), -74.28 min for exclusively breastfed infants (p = 0.0003) and -48.04 min for mixed feeding (p < 0.00001).
CONCLUSION
All probiotic strains seem effective in treating infantile colic. Exclusively breastfed infants have demonstrated more significant reduction in crying time. However, the available evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics in formula-fed and caesarean-born infants is limited.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Colic; Breast Feeding; Probiotics; Emotions; Prebiotics; Limosilactobacillus reuteri
PubMed: 37962097
DOI: 10.1111/apa.17036 -
Cirugia Espanola Jan 2020Even though evidence is lacking, a low-fat diet has been traditionally recommended after cholecystectomy. The main aim of this study was to assess the potential...
INTRODUCTION
Even though evidence is lacking, a low-fat diet has been traditionally recommended after cholecystectomy. The main aim of this study was to assess the potential correlation between postoperative symptoms and type of diet after cholecystectomy.
METHODS
Symptoms were prospectively assessed by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) score at baseline, one month and 6 months after cholecystectomy in 83 patients operated on at our institution. Patients completed a questionnaire about their diet and were classified into 4 groups according to the amount of fat intake. Differences in the GIQLI score depending on the type of diet were assessed over time.
RESULTS
The overall GIQLI score and most subdomains significantly increased after surgery compared to baseline, regardless of the intake of dietary fat. Constipation improved after cholecystectomy compared to baseline, whereas diarrhea and bowel urgency got worse. More than 50% of patients experienced a change in their bowel habit after surgery, which persisted 6 months later in 23% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
A low fat diet does not seem to have an influence on the improvement of symptoms after cholecystectomy. However, a randomized study is ongoing at our institution to confirm the results of this prospective study.
Topics: Cholangitis; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Choledocholithiasis; Colic; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31623819
DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.05.009 -
BMJ Open Feb 2020To conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews and national guidelines to assess the effectiveness of four treatment approaches (manual therapy, probiotics, proton... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews and national guidelines to assess the effectiveness of four treatment approaches (manual therapy, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors and simethicone) on colic symptoms including infant crying time, sleep distress and adverse events.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Mantis for studies published between 2009 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and guidelines that used evidence and expert panel opinion. Three reviewers independently selected articles by title, abstract and full paper review. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Selected studies were assessed for quality using modified standardised checklists by two authors. Meta-analysed data for our outcomes of interest were extracted and narrative conclusions were assessed.
RESULTS
Thirty-two studies were selected. High-level evidence showed that probiotics were most effective for reducing crying time in breastfed infants (range -25 min to -65 min over 24 hours). Manual therapies had moderate to low-quality evidence showing reduced crying time (range -33 min to -76 min per 24 hours). Simethicone had moderate to low evidence showing no benefit or negative effect. One meta-analysis did not support the use of proton pump inhibitors for reducing crying time and fussing. Three national guidelines unanimously recommended the use of education, parental reassurance, advice and guidance and clinical evaluation of mother and baby. Consensus on other advice and treatments did not exist.
CONCLUSIONS
The strongest evidence for the treatment of colic was probiotics for breastfed infants, followed by weaker but favourable evidence for manual therapy indicated by crying time. Both forms of treatment carried a low risk of serious adverse events. The guidance reviewed did not reflect these findings.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42019139074.
Topics: Antifoaming Agents; Colic; Humans; Infant; Musculoskeletal Manipulations; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Probiotics; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Review Literature as Topic; Simethicone; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32102827
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035405 -
Chiropractic & Manual Therapies Feb 2021A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders....
The global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
A small proportion of chiropractors, osteopaths, and other manual medicine providers use spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) to manage non-musculoskeletal disorders. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions to prevent or treat non-musculoskeletal disorders remain controversial.
OBJECTIVES
We convened a Global Summit of international scientists to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of SMT for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of non-musculoskeletal disorders.
GLOBAL SUMMIT
The Global Summit took place on September 14-15, 2019 in Toronto, Canada. It was attended by 50 researchers from 8 countries and 28 observers from 18 chiropractic organizations. At the summit, participants critically appraised the literature and synthesized the evidence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May 15, 2019 using subject headings specific to each database and free text words relevant to manipulation/manual therapy, effectiveness, prevention, treatment, and non-musculoskeletal disorders. Eligible for review were randomized controlled trials published in English. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed independently by reviewers using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria for randomized controlled trials. We synthesized the evidence from articles with high or acceptable methodological quality according to the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) Guideline. The final risk of bias and evidence tables were reviewed by researchers who attended the Global Summit and 75% (38/50) had to approve the content to reach consensus.
RESULTS
We retrieved 4997 citations, removed 1123 duplicates and screened 3874 citations. Of those, the eligibility of 32 articles was evaluated at the Global Summit and 16 articles were included in our systematic review. Our synthesis included six randomized controlled trials with acceptable or high methodological quality (reported in seven articles). These trials investigated the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the management of infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. None of the trials evaluated the effectiveness of SMT in preventing the occurrence of non-musculoskeletal disorders. Consensus was reached on the content of all risk of bias and evidence tables. All randomized controlled trials with high or acceptable quality found that SMT was not superior to sham interventions for the treatment of these non-musculoskeletal disorders. Six of 50 participants (12%) in the Global Summit did not approve the final report.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review included six randomized clinical trials (534 participants) of acceptable or high quality investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of SMT for the treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders. We found no evidence of an effect of SMT for the management of non-musculoskeletal disorders including infantile colic, childhood asthma, hypertension, primary dysmenorrhea, and migraine. This finding challenges the validity of the theory that treating spinal dysfunctions with SMT has a physiological effect on organs and their function. Governments, payers, regulators, educators, and clinicians should consider this evidence when developing policies about the use and reimbursement of SMT for non-musculoskeletal disorders.
Topics: Asthma; Colic; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Manipulation, Spinal; Noncommunicable Diseases
PubMed: 33596925
DOI: 10.1186/s12998-021-00362-9 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2023In this case report, a four-week-old boy, who since birth had suffered from constipation and infantile colic, presented with seizures, myoclonic jerks and irritability...
In this case report, a four-week-old boy, who since birth had suffered from constipation and infantile colic, presented with seizures, myoclonic jerks and irritability after being fed with a herbal mixture of star anise the day prior to admission. Chinese star anise is a globally used spice and a herbal remedy for infantile colic. The quick recovery of the boy and normal paraclinical findings supported the assumption of star anise intoxication. The frequent use of complementary medicine in children warrants awareness to inform families of the potential dangers of this home remedy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Illicium; Colic; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Seizures; Eating
PubMed: 36760188
DOI: No ID Found