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Journal of Clinical Nursing Oct 2022To estimate the prevalence and perinatal risk factors associated with parent reported colic, abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts in infants until 3 months of...
Prevalence and perinatal risk factors of parent-reported colic, abdominal pain and other pain or discomforts in infants until 3 months of age - A prospective cohort study in PreventADALL.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence and perinatal risk factors associated with parent reported colic, abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts in infants until 3 months of age.
BACKGROUND
Infant colic is a common concern for parents and clinicians. The prevalence varies in different studies and its symptoms overlap with other conditions like abdominal pain and discomfort. Diagnosis criteria are challenging, pathogenesis unclear and risk factors are conflicting.
DESIGN
This was a prospective cohort study.
METHODS
The 1852 mother-child pairs from the PreventADALL prospective birth-cohort answering the 3 months questionnaire were included. Information on perinatal risk factors was collected from the inclusion visit and questionnaires during pregnancy at 18 and 34 weeks, as well as birth charts. STROBE checklist was followed.
RESULTS
The reported prevalence of colic was 3% (59/1852), abdominal pain 22% (415/1852) and pain or other discomfort 6% (119/1852), with a total of 26% (478/1852) infants. Mothers on sick leave in pregnancy and reporting any allergic diseases had a significantly higher odds of reporting infant colic, abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts. Mothers with higher perceived stress in pregnancy exhibited a trend towards higher odds for reporting infant pain. Mothers coming from Sweden were less likely to report infant abdominal pain compared to mothers from Norway.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts was higher than the prevalence of colic. Perinatal risk factors connected to maternal health were associated with all three symptoms.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Colic and abdominal pain are stressful, symptoms overlap and risk factors for both can be identified in pregnancy. Our study suggests that it is difficult for parents to distinguish among infant colic, abdominal pain and other pain or discomfort and some report two or all three symptoms. Identifying the perinatal risk factors associated with infant pain may help target and support parents.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Colic; Female; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Parents; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34704296
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16097 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Jul 2020The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in horses with colic by associating the underlying etiologies with directly...
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in horses with colic by associating the underlying etiologies with directly acquired IAP values and survival rate. This is a 2-year cohort study (2014-2016). Horses with clinical signs of colic were admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital during the period 2014-2016. Twenty-eight horses, of different breeds, males (stallions and geldings) and females, aged between 2 and 20 years, and weighing from 300 to 450 kg presenting with clinical signs of colic, were included in the study. IAP was directly acquired at the right flank (standing under sedation) and at the linea alba (supine position under general anesthesia). Twenty IAP measurements were recorded at end expiration for each recording site. IAP values >0.0 mmHg, obtained at the upper right flank in the standing position, were associated with surgical treatment (P < .05). In these cases, signs of colic were associated with strangulated obstructions of the large colon, and a greater likelihood of death as a result of colic (P < .001). Intra-abdominal pressure varied considerably in horses with colic, even for the same underlying etiologies. Horses with colic related to strangulating obstructions of the large intestine had IAP >.0 mmHg, at the upper right flank. These horses were also considerably more likely to require surgical intervention (P < .05) and death/euthanasia was more likely in this group of horses (P < .001).
Topics: Animals; Cohort Studies; Colic; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Male
PubMed: 32534775
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102998 -
The American Journal of Emergency... May 2022Inconsolable crying in infants can be caused by as simple as infantile colic to wide variety of pathologies. A thorough history, physical examination followed by...
Inconsolable crying in infants can be caused by as simple as infantile colic to wide variety of pathologies. A thorough history, physical examination followed by laboratory and radiologic evaluation can identify the cause of inconsolable crying. We present a case of infant who presented with inconsolable crying and after extensive workup no cause could ne identified. Eventually after consultation scorpion envenomation was considered. Antivenom was administered and the patient returned to normal. Patient did not exhibit any signs of somatic or cranial nerve dysfunction with inconsolable crying and tachycardia as the only manifestation of envenomation. In summary "Bites and stings can cause inconsolable crying".
Topics: Colic; Crying; Humans; Infant; Physical Examination
PubMed: 34996648
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.12.066 -
BMC Pediatrics Dec 2022Signs of feeding intolerance, such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are frequently observed in otherwise healthy formula-fed infants in the first months of life. The... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Signs of feeding intolerance, such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are frequently observed in otherwise healthy formula-fed infants in the first months of life. The primary objective of this observational study was to examine GI tolerance in formula-fed infants (FFI) vs. breastfed infants (BFI) in a real-world setting with a secondary objective being the comparison of infants fed formula with pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_PP) and those fed formula without any pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_noPP) as well as BFI.
METHODS
A six-country, cross-sectional study in full-term exclusively/predominantly FFI (n = 2036) and BFI (n = 760) aged 6-16 weeks was conducted using the validated Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) and a Feeding Practice and Gut Comfort Questionnaire.
RESULTS
The IGSQ composite score in FFI was non-inferior compared to BFI (mean difference [95%CI]: 0.17 [-0.34, 0.67]; non-inferiority p-value < 0.0001) and scores for BFI and FFI were below the threshold of 23, indicating no GI discomfort. Adjusted mean IGSQ scores ± SE were similar in FFI_PP (22.1 ± 0.2) and BFI (22.3 ± 0.3) while FFI_noPP (23.4 ± 0.3) was significantly higher and above 23 indicating some GI discomfort (mean differences [95%CI] FFI_noPP minus FFI_PP and FFI_noPP minus BFI were 1.28 [0.57, 1.98] and 1.09 [0.38, 1.80], respectively; both p < 0.01). Hard stools and difficulty in passing stool were more common in FFI compared to BFI (p < 0.01) but were less common in FFI_PP compared to FFI_noPP (p < 0.01). FFI_PP showed significantly less crying than FFI_noPP and was similar to BFI. Significantly fewer physician-confirmed colic episodes (Rome IV criteria) were reported in FFI_PP compared with FFI_noPP or BFI.
CONCLUSIONS
In this real-world observational study, FFI had non-inferior overall GI tolerance compared to BFI. Within FFI, infants receiving formulas with pre- and/or probiotics had a better GI tolerance, improved stooling and less infantile colic compared to those receiving formula without any pre- and/or probiotics and were more similar to BFI.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03703583, 12/10/2018 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03703583 ).
Topics: Female; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Colic; Infant Formula; Breast Feeding; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36514058
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03763-8 -
Equine Veterinary Journal Jul 2023Postoperative complications frequently occur following equine colic surgery but there is a lack of consistency in their definitions and reporting. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Postoperative complications frequently occur following equine colic surgery but there is a lack of consistency in their definitions and reporting.
OBJECTIVES
To perform a scoping review to identify current evidence on the definitions and classifications of postoperative complications in equine colic surgery.
STUDY DESIGN
Evidence review.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted in CAB, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases using a PCC (Population-equids, Concept-complications, adverse events, sequelae, failure to cure, technical failure, disease progression and Context-postoperative period after colic surgery) search strategy. Peer-reviewed scientific articles in the English language on equine colic surgery in live client-owned equids between 1992 and 2022 were included. The resulting references were independently and blindly screened by two investigators. Relevant data on the study method, sample size, intestinal tract involvement and postoperative complications were extracted and charted.
RESULTS
Among 5850 articles potentially eligible, 272 met the final inclusion criteria. The most frequent types of study design were retrospective cohort studies (121/272) and retrospective case series (82/272). Median sample size was 53 animals, range 3-896. Seventy-nine of 272 (29%) studies reported diseases of the small intestine, 65 of 272 (24%) of the large intestine and 128 of 272 (47%) reported both. Seventy-two studies (26.4%) focused on single complications. No study explicitly defined the term complication or cited a classification of complications. One study reported the definitions of 'sequela', 'progression' or 'recurrence' of lesions. Eighty-one postoperative complications were reported in two-time frames defined as short- and long-term. The definitions of most complications and long-term follow-ups were highly variable.
MAIN LIMITATION
Non-English language studies or conference proceedings were excluded.
CONCLUSION
There was a substantial lack of classifications of postoperative complications. The definitions of complications were highly variable, making it difficult to compare studies. Adopting classification systems and definitions may help surgeons to obtain a complete picture of the efficacy of a procedure or treatment and allow comparisons between studies, centres or time periods.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Colic; Retrospective Studies; Postoperative Complications; Intestine, Small; Research Design; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 36199160
DOI: 10.1111/evj.13881 -
Veterinary World 2023Colic is among the common health issues in equine health management. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are the most frequent causes of colic, but dysfunction of other...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Colic is among the common health issues in equine health management. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are the most frequent causes of colic, but dysfunction of other organs and systems inside the abdominal cavity may also contribute. Therefore, it is crucial to identify risk factors for colic of specific etiologies. This study aimed to examine the incidence, risk factors, and best therapeutic management practices for horses with colic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cohort of 256 horses living in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, was randomly recruited based on reports of colic symptoms by owners. Diagnosis and treatment were then conducted with the help of owners. Symptom profiles, risk factors, and therapeutic management strategies were analyzed by Chi-square tests.
RESULTS
Of 256 horses enrolled, 217 (84%) were diagnosed with colic, of which 172 (79.3%) were cases of spasmodic colic, 33 (15.2%) of impaction colic, and 12 (5.5%) of intestinal obstruction/displacement. Male sex (χ = 16.27; p < 0.001), wheat bran feeding (χ = 15.49; p < 0.001), concentrate feed intake >5 kg/day (χ = 24.95; p < 0.001), no regular anthelmintic drug treatment (χ = 67.24; p < 0.001), GI parasite infection (χ = 65.11; p < 0.001), recurrent colic (χ = 91.09; p < 0.001), poor body condition score (χ = 71.81; p < 0.001), limited daily water access (χ = 127.92; p < 0.001), and indications of dental disease (χ = 9.03; p < 0.001) were identified as risk factors. The most effective therapies were gastric intubation (χ = 153.54; p < 0.001), Vitamin B complex injection (χ = 32.09; p < 0.001), fluid therapy (χ = 42.59; p < 0.001), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug injection (NSAID).
CONCLUSION
Colic is highly prevalent among horses in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Proper diet, workload management, regular access to clean drinking water, and dental care can reduce colic risk. Recommended therapies include NSAID injection without other analgesics or spasmolytics, fluid therapy, Vitamin B complex, and gastric intubation.
PubMed: 37621536
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1408-1414 -
Current Gastroenterology Reports Mar 2020To evaluate the impact of the implementation of the Rome IV criteria on pediatric gastrointestinal practice. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To evaluate the impact of the implementation of the Rome IV criteria on pediatric gastrointestinal practice.
RECENT FINDINGS
In 2016, the Rome IV criteria were published, providing an update of symptom-based criteria to diagnose children with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). For neonates and toddlers, Wessel's criteria for diagnosing infant colic were abandoned, and a differentiation was made between toilet-trained and non-toilet-trained children in the diagnosis of functional constipation. For children and adolescents, two new disorders (functional nausea and functional vomiting) are described, and in the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia, pain does not have to be the chief complaint anymore. This change has made functional dyspepsia the most common functional abdominal pain disorder, exceeding the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Lastly, the diagnosis of abdominal migraine was narrowed, causing an appropriate drop in its prevalence.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Pediatrics
PubMed: 32193635
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-020-00760-8 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and... (Review)
Review
Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and natural compounds have long been used in traditional medicine, but clinical pediatric trials are very limited. This narrative review based on relevant studies identified through a search of the literature in Pubmed and Medline updated to October 2023 focused on the effect of nutraceuticals in infantile colic, functional abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Significant reductions in colic episodes and crying time were reported in two studies on fennel (seeds oil or tea), in three studies on different multiple herbal extracts (all including fennel), in one study on , and in at least two double-blind randomized controlled studies on DSM 17938 and BB-12 (10 CFU/day for at least 21 days) in breast-fed infants. Compared to a placebo, in children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome, a significant reduction in pain was reported in two studies supplementing peppermint oil capsules or psyllium fibers, and in one study on corn fiber cookies, partial hydrolyzed guar gum, a specific multiple herbal extract (STW-5), or vitamin D supplementation. To date, there is moderate-certainty evidence with a weak grade of recommendation on DSM 17938 (10 CFU/day) in reducing pain intensity in children with functional abdominal pain and for GG (1-3 × 10 CFU twice daily) in reducing pain frequency and intensity in children with IBS. Further large and well-designed pediatric studies are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of different herbal extracts and prolonged use of studied products in infants and children with pain disorders of the gut-brain interaction.
Topics: Infant; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Probiotics; Abdominal Pain; Colic; Dietary Supplements; Bifidobacterium animalis; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Brain; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38337634
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030349 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2022Colic and sleep problems are common among infants, constitute challenges and distress for parents, and are often reasons for seeking help from health professionals. The...
BACKGROUND
Colic and sleep problems are common among infants, constitute challenges and distress for parents, and are often reasons for seeking help from health professionals. The literature debates whether infant colic and sleep problems are linked together or not. Further, limited evidence exists on how colic impacts on child temperament and sleep during early childhood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge of the characteristics of infants with a history of colic compared to infants without, and to study how infant colic is associated with the development of child temperament and sleep over time.
METHODS
The study is based on The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a population-based cohort study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. This sample contains 88,186 mothers and children. Data was retrieved from questionnaires distributed to mothers at recruitment (in pregnancy) and when the child was 6 months, 18 months, 3 years, and 5 years. Data was analysed using linear mixed models and GLM models for repeated measures.
RESULTS
At 6 months, infants with reported colic are described as fussier, present more sleeping problems, are breastfed less, and the families visit the child health centre more often when compared to the non-colic group. Mothers of children with reported colic perceive their children's temperament significantly more challenging from the age of 6 months to 5 years. Further, children with reported colic were more likely to sleep less than recommended (22%) and to have more frequent night awakenings (14%) than usual for their age (6 months to 5 years).
CONCLUSION
Infant colic often occurs together with other signs of regulatory problems which may amplify the load on the parents. Moderate differences in temperament and sleep-problems across time, between those with colic and those without, indicate that the diagnosis of colic is moderately associated with later behavioural difficulties. However, it is demanding for the parents, and important to be aware of and act upon symptoms of colic in the child health centres to reduce the parents' load and prevent adverse long-term outcomes.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colic; Female; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Pregnancy; Sleep; Temperament
PubMed: 35354427
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03231-3