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Current Opinion in Pediatrics Oct 2023This review aims to summarize the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosis of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and treatment options. It also explores recent... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to summarize the most up-to-date criteria for diagnosis of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and treatment options. It also explores recent research that has been performed evaluating risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment designed to improve quality of life for those who suffer from IBS. IBS is a common disorder in pediatrics and one of the most common causes of abdominal pain for children; thus, it can be quite debilitating for individuals to achieve a satisfactory quality of life on a routine basis. Reliable, available treatment is needed but can be challenging to find, given the variety of symptoms and triggers involved and lack of a clear understanding of how IBS develops.
RECENT FINDINGS
There are multiple pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options being explored and studied globally but further, larger, and well controlled studies are needed to confirm these outcomes.
SUMMARY
Because pediatric IBS is one of the most common functional disorders associated with abdominal pain and can be brought on by multiple factors, management often involves addressing these individual triggers with a multifaceted treatment plan, which could include dietary changes, probiotics, medication, or psychotherapy and should be tailored to each affected individual.
Topics: Humans; Child; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Quality of Life; Probiotics; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37540073
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001280 -
Gastroenterology Nursing : the Official... 2020
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Humans
PubMed: 32487958
DOI: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000531 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2023Haematocolpos, caused by imperforate hymen, is a rare condition where menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina. Adolescent girls presenting with amenorrhoea, cyclical...
Haematocolpos, caused by imperforate hymen, is a rare condition where menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina. Adolescent girls presenting with amenorrhoea, cyclical abdominal pain, and pelvis mass should be evaluated for this condition. Diagnosis requires a gynaecological examination. However, myths surrounding the hymen may impede proper medical care. Addressing these misconceptions is essential for promoting gynaecological care and ensuring timely evaluation and treatment. This case report emphasises the significance of effective communication in preventing misdiagnoses and care delays.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Hymen; Gynecological Examination; Vagina; Hematocolpos; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 38105732
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Nov 2023Gastroparesis (GP) is a syndrome defined by symptoms and delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Gastroparesis (GP) is a syndrome defined by symptoms and delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and early satiety. Only one medication is currently FDA-approved for the treatment of GP. This review highlights recent research findings pertaining to GP and provides evidence to support a change in the current GP diagnostic and treatment paradigm.
RECENT FINDINGS
An analysis of GP trials over the past four decades demonstrates the power of placebo and the need to perform longer studies with clearly defined patient populations. Two studies highlight the need to evaluate patients with suspected GP carefully and to perform gastric emptying studies properly. The misdiagnosis of GP symptoms is reviewed, preceded by a discussion of whether GP should be considered a disorder of gut-brain interaction. Finally, new data on therapies that target the pylorus are highlighted.
SUMMARY
Gastroparesis is frequently over-diagnosed and incorrectly diagnosed. Performing a proper gastric emptying study which adheres to standard protocol, and accurately interpreting the results in the context of the individual patient, are critical to making an accurate diagnosis of GP. The treatment paradigm needs to shift from simply aiming to accelerate gastric emptying to treating global symptoms of a chronic syndrome that may represent gut-brain dysfunction in many patients.
Topics: Humans; Gastroparesis; Vomiting; Nausea; Abdominal Pain; Pylorus; Gastric Emptying
PubMed: 37678168
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000978 -
Gastroenterology Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic; Photosensitivity Disorders; Abdominal Pain; Protoporphyrins
PubMed: 37579823
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.07.028 -
Clinical Chemistry Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Cola; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 36724483
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac193 -
European Journal of Gastroenterology &... Mar 2021
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney
PubMed: 33512844
DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001996 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Sep 2021Psychopharmacologic therapies are beneficial in reducing symptoms when treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI).... (Review)
Review
Psychopharmacologic therapies are beneficial in reducing symptoms when treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine are neurotransmitters of key importance in psychopharmacology and pain-reduction mechanisms. The first-line (tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and second-line (atypical antipsychotics, delta-ligand agents, low-dose naltrexone) neuromodulator treatment options are recommended when IBS-associated abdominal pain is of moderate or severe intensity and is persistent. To understand the implementation strategy, the multidimensional clinical profile as a template is used for presenting 3 case scenarios involving painful IBS and DGBI of varying complexity.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome
PubMed: 34304793
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.04.005 -
Khirurgiia 2022To analyze clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients referred to our pediatric surgery center with abdominal pain as a main manifestation of...
OBJECTIVE
To analyze clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients referred to our pediatric surgery center with abdominal pain as a main manifestation of COVID-19.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients with abdominal pain associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the Basrah Children Specialty Hospital between June 2020 and December 2021. We collected data including demographic data, symptoms, imaging data, laboratory findings, treatments, and clinical outcomes.
RESULTS
Fifty-six patients (48 male and 8 female) with a median age of 9 years were analyzed. All patients had abdominal pain. Fifty-two patients complained of vomiting, 48 patients with fever, 36 patients with cough, and 20 patients with shortness of breath. Twenty patients were diagnosed with acute appendicitis, two of them had appendicular abscess. Mesenteric lymphadenitis was found in 12 patients, obstructed inguinal hernia in 4 patients, and epididymo-orchitis in two patients. Ten patients required surgical intervention.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 should be suspected in any child presenting with acute abdominal pain. In the era of COVID-19, all cases of abdominal pain in children including those with acute appendicitis are better to be treated conservatively.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acute Disease; Appendicitis; COVID-19; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 36223151
DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202210158 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Apr 2022
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Embolization, Therapeutic; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 34509317
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.07.007