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Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Mar 2023Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious... (Review)
Review
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious cardiac side effects in clinical application. More and more researchers are trying to explore the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC), in which oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play a significant role. This review summarizes signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation in DIC and compounds that exert cardioprotective effects by acting on relevant signaling pathways, including the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, Sirt1/p66Shc, Sirt1/PPAR/PGC-1α signaling pathways and NOS, NOX, Fe signaling in oxidative stress, as well as the role of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, HMGB1/TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB, mTOR/TFEB/NF-κB pathways in DOX-induced inflammation. Hence, we attempt to explain the mechanisms of DIC in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, and to provide a theoretical basis or new idea for further drug research on reducing DIC. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; NF-kappa B; Sirtuin 1; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Cardiomyopathies; Doxorubicin; Inflammation
PubMed: 36918950
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01077-5 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Accepting the idea that the mental representations of concepts, diagrams, relations, plans, etc., are thought-shapers, I suggest going a bit further. Any kind of...
Accepting the idea that the mental representations of concepts, diagrams, relations, plans, etc., are thought-shapers, I suggest going a bit further. Any kind of representation, be it mental or public, i.e., accessible to others, bears thought-shaping potential, albeit not in the same manner. Just as the idea of embodied cognition takes into consideration environmental facilities and obstacles, I suggest investigating thought processes in a broader context, i.e., placing thought-shapers in the context of their formation. I propose that the elements of the above mentioned definition of thought-shapers are built upon a structure that consists of representational skills, means, and institutions. In accordance with the idea of embeddedness and enactment, the need for communication and the given cognitive and physical aptitudes result in different kinds of expression, i.e., different kinds of representations available to others. When an expressional mode solidifies, it opens up new possibilities and limitations. I propose that mundane, almost unnoticeable affordances and their accompanying limits do shape our thoughts thoroughly. In my argument for the thought-shaper potential of the generative technique of public representations, I will delineate a historical overview of representational means in tandem with the main characteristics of different eras' crucial ideals and patterns of reasoning. I will close the historical overview with a terminological excursion exploring how publicly available representation and mental representation relate to each other and the kinds of ambiguities that accompany the latter term's use. Accordingly, embedding thought-shapers, I will outline the evolution of different representational techniques and skills. Then, because language is a decisive representational means, I will investigate its orientating and distortive potential. I will rely on some of Bergson's lesser-known remarks. I will illuminate how ocular-centrism was able to be a decisive metaphor in science and philosophy for long centuries, until recently even. In conclusion, as a case study, I will illuminate how the term "mental representation" as a highly abstract term facilitates and at the same time hinders philosophical and scientific inquiry.
PubMed: 35928426
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918820 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2023Clear and unambiguous description of psychiatric symptoms is a prerequisite for a personalized and reliable mental state examination.
BACKGROUND
Clear and unambiguous description of psychiatric symptoms is a prerequisite for a personalized and reliable mental state examination.
AIM
To draw attention to the correct use of psychiatric language.
METHOD
Description of persistent linguistic errors and relevant but too little used terms, and a new Dutch translation for some psychopathological terms.
RESULTS
The following linguistic errors are presented: ‘concentration’ as if it means the sustaining of attention; ‘compulsive behaviour’ that is not really compulsive; ‘no diagnosis’ while no disorder is diagnosed; ‘no psychopathology’ as if the patient has no science of psychopathology; ‘to impress as’ for characteristic that are not impressive; ‘mild’ while psychiatric disorders are never mild; ‘inhibition’ as if we can observe that subjective phenomenon; ‘signs’ for symptoms that do not appear to us at all; ‘weather and climate’ for affect and mood, while the mood generally changes somewhat faster than he climate. Attention is drawn for the terms chronognosia, overvalued idea, sensory hyporeactivity and disorders of self-awareness. New Dutch translations for dysmorphic disorder, délire de négation, and paranoic are explained.
CONCLUSION
Psychiatrists, watch your language!
Topics: Male; Humans; Mental Disorders; Language; Psychiatry
PubMed: 36951767
DOI: No ID Found -
Sante Publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy,... 2022Introduction : The idea of therapeutic fasting with healing virtues is circulating among cancer patients. Our study aims to improve knowledge of this practice,...
Introduction : The idea of therapeutic fasting with healing virtues is circulating among cancer patients. Our study aims to improve knowledge of this practice, which is contraindicated in France during chemotherapy, and to establish recommendations to facilitate exchanges between doctors and patients.Methods : Chemotherapy patients completed a self-questionnaire on diet, therapeutic fasting and alternative medicine. A subsample of patients intending to follow dietary restrictions were interviewed.Results : Among the 133 participants, more than half had changed their diet and/or had heard of therapeutic fasting. Twenty-one patients intended to fast or have dietary restrictions during chemotherapy. These were mainly women, with an average age of 56 years, being treated for breast cancer, using alternative medications. They had little interaction with the health care team but would have liked to have had some with their oncologist. Nine patients were interviewed. They had tested short fasting and/or a ketogenic diet to improve treatment efficacy, reduce side effects and/or gain more control over their management. They did not dare to talk about it with the oncologist but regretted their silence. They are often advised by naturopaths and have tested homeopathy to accompany their treatment.Conclusions : Patients explain that they want to put all the odds in their favor. They would like the medical profession to offer times for discussion on fasting, silence being perceived as potentially harmful.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Diet; Treatment Outcome; Breast Neoplasms; Emotions; Fasting
PubMed: 36577676
DOI: 10.3917/spub.224.0481 -
Journal International de Bioethique Et... 2024The idea of collaborative governance is gaining popularity. However, how can it be truly collaborative? Decision-making systems with diverse stakeholders must deal with...
The idea of collaborative governance is gaining popularity. However, how can it be truly collaborative? Decision-making systems with diverse stakeholders must deal with different positions, roles, interests, missions, observations, and values. The co P·R·I·M·O·V (Position, Role, Interest, Mission, Observation, Values) bioethics tool aims to improve the practice of sustainable, collaborative, and democratic development of technosocial initiatives through its user-friendly format for professional ethicists. The tool follows the logic of Conflict of Interest (CoI) analysis used in organizational ethics frameworks. CoI, as an analytical unit in ethics, allows the anticipation and management of problems that may compromise the short- and long-term activities of a program and its governance. This tool was built on a case study for the implementation of monitoring of antibiotic use in animal health in Quebec, Canada. The use of this bioethics tool is strategic and can help negotiate positions and thus co-construct a common frame of reference between the stakeholders in view of a collaborative governance favoring cooperation.
Topics: Humans; Bioethics; Ethicists; Canada; Quebec
PubMed: 38423970
DOI: 10.3917/jibes.343.0103 -
Recherche En Soins Infirmiers 2020The problematic, an essential step in the scientific research process, includes different components that must be articulated in the same temporality, hence its...
The problematic, an essential step in the scientific research process, includes different components that must be articulated in the same temporality, hence its complexity. There is no consensus on definitions and a relatively short description of construction modalities in the literature. The problematization process is an intellectual, reflexive, questioning, documentation, and choice process aimed at moving from an idea or subject to a specific research question to be answered. The construction of the problem makes it possible in particular to specify the theoretical, methodological, and analytical orientation of the research. This step is an essential step which positions research in a continuum of disciplinary knowledge, and in this case, in the history of nursing knowledge. The objective of this article is to show, using a concrete example, how the analysis of clinical observations allows the development of a nursing research problem that integrates a project and then a research program. The clinical situation concerns the sexual health of women with multiple sclerosis. Beyond personal experience and the narrative of a singular, reinterpreted approach, it is a twofold movement to illustrate concretely, based on a situation and empirical observations, abstract elements and to transform them with the support of theoretical knowledge into communicable and transferable information useful in the construction of the research problem. The presentation of the invisible history of the construction of this problem can have an impact on teaching but also reflects the conceptual framework drawn from nursing sciences and mobilizable in this context of care. Through this example, it is therefore necessary to illustrate, through a retrospective analysis, the construction of nursing knowledge both on research methods and on theoretical models useful for care.
PubMed: 35724057
DOI: 10.3917/rsi.139.0123 -
La Tunisie Medicale Dec 2023Access to medication is a major public health issue worldwide and can be considered as an indicator of the quality of public health services in a country.
INTRODUCTION
Access to medication is a major public health issue worldwide and can be considered as an indicator of the quality of public health services in a country.
AIM
To evaluate patient satisfaction with the services provided by the external pharmacy in the drug distribution circuit in public healthcare facilities in Tunisia.
METHODS
To achieve this goal, a satisfaction survey was conducted on a sample of 200 patients at the external pharmacies of two university hospitals in Tunis, namely the La Rabta University Hospital and the Charles Nicolle University Hospital.
RESULTS
This survey revealed that despite the efforts made by the state and the importance of the drug market in Tunisia, 80% of patients reported difficulties in finding their medication in the healthcare facilities where they consult, and more than 60% are forced to obtain them from private pharmacies. The survey also highlighted a contrast between the quality of services provided by the external hospital pharmacy and those of private pharmacies. Indeed, only 25% of the surveyed patients were satisfied with the services provided by the external pharmacy. Although this satisfaction was conditioned by several factors, the main concern of the patients remained the availability of medication. In fact, with little difference in terms of care, 80.5% of the participants favored the idea of transferring the services provided by the external pharmacy to private pharmacies.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this study has highlighted the need to rethink the drug supply and distribution system and to explore alternative approaches to significantly improve access to medication and the quality of services provided by external pharmacies in Tunisian public hospitals.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacies; Tunisia; Pharmacy; Delivery of Health Care; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38477198
DOI: No ID Found -
Soins. Psychiatrie 2022An exploration of all Freud's writings on trauma from 1885 is proposed. Trauma, a central concept in his first works, always kept a place in his theory. He conceived it... (Review)
Review
An exploration of all Freud's writings on trauma from 1885 is proposed. Trauma, a central concept in his first works, always kept a place in his theory. He conceived it as a consequence of an external perception leading to a sudden affect which cannot be mastered by the psyche. For him, the excitation is so strong that it threatens the ego and provokes a breach of the protective shield. The idea that he would have renounced to this topic at the end of the nineteenth century is irrational.
Topics: Humans; History, 20th Century; Freudian Theory; Psychoanalysis
PubMed: 36522031
DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2022.10.010 -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Apr 2020In the last few years, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have seen a new wave of publicity fueled by the huge and ever-increasing amount of data and... (Review)
Review
In the last few years, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have seen a new wave of publicity fueled by the huge and ever-increasing amount of data and computational power as well as the discovery of improved learning algorithms. However, the idea of a computer learning some abstract concept from data and applying them to yet unseen situations is not new and has been around at least since the 1950s. Many of these basic principles are very familiar to the pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology community. In this paper, we want to introduce the foundational ideas of ML to this community such that readers obtain the essential tools they need to understand publications on the topic. Although we will not go into the very details and theoretical background, we aim to point readers to relevant literature and put applications of ML in molecular biology as well as the fields of pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology into perspective.
Topics: Cluster Analysis; Humans; Machine Learning; Models, Theoretical; Pharmacology, Clinical
PubMed: 32128792
DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1796 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2024This review delves into the possible role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research, from planning to publication. AI can aid in idea generation, data... (Review)
Review
This review delves into the possible role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research, from planning to publication. AI can aid in idea generation, data analysis, and writing, with tools like chatbots and transcription systems enhancing efficiency. However, AI's limitations, including the "hallucination" problem in which it generates false information, require careful use and verification. Ensuring anonymity compliance with sensitive data is also vital. AI's transformative potential in research brings opportunities for innovation, necessitating mindful application to manage biases and data accuracy.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Biomedical Research; Humans; Data Accuracy
PubMed: 38704722
DOI: 10.61409/V08230532