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BMC Plant Biology Jun 2021Root hydraulic conductance is primarily determined by the conductance of living tissues to radial water flow. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in root cortical...
BACKGROUND
Root hydraulic conductance is primarily determined by the conductance of living tissues to radial water flow. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in root cortical cells are important for plants to take up water and are believed to be directly involved in cell growth.
RESULTS
In this study, we found that constitutive overexpression of the poplar root-specific gene PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerated bolting and flowering. At the early stage of the developmental process, PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis exhibited faster cell growth in both leaves and roots. The turgor pressure of plants was correspondingly increased in PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis, and the water status was changed. At the same time, the expression levels of flowering-related genes (CRY1, CRY2 and FCA) and hub genes in the regulatory networks underlying floral timing (FT and SOC1) were significantly upregulated in OE plants, while the floral repressor FLC gene was significantly downregulated.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, the results of our study indicate that constitutive overexpression of PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerates bolting and flowering through faster cell growth in both the leaf and root at an early stage of the developmental process. The autonomous pathway of flowering regulation may be executed by monitoring developmental age. The increase in turgor and changes in water status with PtoPIP1;1 overexpression play a role in promoting cell growth.
Topics: Aquaporins; Arabidopsis; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plant Transpiration; Plants, Genetically Modified; Populus
PubMed: 34082706
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03017-2 -
Journal of Sleep Research Aug 2023The study objective was to explore associations of fetal and infant weight patterns and preterm birth with sleep and 24-h activity rhythm parameters at school-age. In...
The study objective was to explore associations of fetal and infant weight patterns and preterm birth with sleep and 24-h activity rhythm parameters at school-age. In our prospective population-based study, 1327 children were followed from birth to age 10-15 years. Fetal weight was estimated using ultrasound in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Birth weight and gestational age were available from midwife registries. Infant weight was measured at 6, 12 and 24 months. Fetal and infant weight acceleration or deceleration were defined as a change of >0.67 standard deviation between the corresponding age intervals. At school-age, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, social jetlag, inter-daily stability, and intra-daily variability were assessed using tri-axial wrist actigraphy for 9 consecutive nights. We observed that low birth weight (<2500 g) was associated with 0.24 standard deviation (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04; 0.43) longer sleep duration compared to normal weight. Compared to normal growth, growth deceleration in fetal life and infancy was associated with 0.40 standard deviation (95% CI 0.07; 0.73) longer sleep duration, 0.44 standard deviation (95% CI 0.14; 0.73) higher sleep efficiency, and -0.41 standard deviation (95% CI -0.76; -0.07) shorter wake after sleep onset. A pattern of normal fetal growth followed by infant growth acceleration was associated with -0.40 standard deviation (95% CI -0.61; -0.19) lower inter-daily stability. Preterm birth was not associated with any sleep or 24-h rhythm parameters. Our findings showed that children with fetal and infant growth restriction had longer and more efficient sleep at school-age, which may be indicative of an increased need for sleep for maturational processes and development after a difficult start in life.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Prospective Studies; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Gestational Age; Child Development; Sleep; Birth Weight
PubMed: 36707974
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13822 -
Carcinogenesis Aug 2023Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been accepted to play key roles in the development and progression of mutiple cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we...
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been accepted to play key roles in the development and progression of mutiple cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we identified circ-METTL9, derived from 2 to 4 exons of METTL9 gene, may promote CRC progression by accelerating cell cycle progression. However, the role and mechanism of circ-METTL9 in CRC remains unclear. Based on our data, the expression of circ-METTL9 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and markedly increased in advanced tumors in CRC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that circ-METTL9 overexpression promoted CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro, and simultaneously enhanced CRC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays proved that circ-METTL9 might be a miRNA sponge, and RNA pulldown assays showed the interaction between circ-METTL9 and miR-551b-5p. Notably, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), a key regulator in cell cycle, is a conserved downstream target of miR-551b-5p. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel oncogenic function of circ-METTL9 in CRC progression via circ-METTL9/miR-551b-5p/CDK6 axis, which may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
Topics: Humans; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; MicroRNAs; RNA, Circular; Methyltransferases
PubMed: 37158456
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad031 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Sex differences in prenatal growth may contribute to sex-dependent programming effects on postnatal phenotype.
INTRODUCTION
Sex differences in prenatal growth may contribute to sex-dependent programming effects on postnatal phenotype.
METHODS
We integrated for the first time phenotypic, histomorphological, clinico-chemical, endocrine and gene expression analyses in a single species, the bovine conceptus at mid-gestation.
RESULTS
We demonstrate that by mid-gestation, before the onset of accelerated growth, the female conceptus displays asymmetric lower growth compared to males. Female fetuses were smaller with lower ponderal index and organ weights than males. However, their brain:body weight, brain:liver weight and heart:body weight ratios were higher than in males, indicating brain and heart 'sparing'. The female placenta weighed less and had lower volumes of trophoblast and fetal connective tissue than the male placenta. Female umbilical cord vessel diameters were smaller, and female-specific relationships of body weight and brain:liver weight ratios with cord vessel diameters indicated that the umbilico-placental vascular system creates a growth-limiting environment where blood flow is redistributed to protect brain and heart growth. Clinico-chemical indicators of liver perfusion support this female-specific growth-limiting phenotype, while lower insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene expression in brain and heart, and lower circulating IGF2, implicate female-specific modulation of key endocrine mediators by nutrient supply.
CONCLUSION
This mode of female development may increase resilience to environmental perturbations and contribute to sex-bias in programming outcomes including susceptibility to non-communicable diseases.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Male; Animals; Cattle; Placenta; Fetus; Trophoblasts; Liver; Body Weight
PubMed: 38362586
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306513 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Most growth references for very preterm infants were developed using measurements taken at birth, and were thought to represent intrauterine growth. However, it remains...
Most growth references for very preterm infants were developed using measurements taken at birth, and were thought to represent intrauterine growth. However, it remains unclear whether the goal of approximating an intrauterine growth rate as stated by the American Academy of Pediatrics is attainable by very preterm infants. Using real-world measurement data from very preterm infants born between 2010 through 2020, we develop models to characterize the patterns of postnatal growth, and compare them to intrauterine growth. By assessing the weight growth rate, we show three phases of postnatal growth not evident in intrauterine growth. Furthermore, postnatal length and head circumference growth exhibit a slow rate after birth, followed by an acceleration. Collectively, postnatal and intrauterine growth are distinctly different. Although postnatal growth models do not represent optimal growth of very preterm infants, they can serve as a practical tool for clinical assessment of growth and for nutrition research.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Humans; Child; Infant, Premature; Anthropometry; Acceleration
PubMed: 37726287
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41069-0 -
Genes May 2023Fibroblast growth factor 9 () is crucial for the growth and development of hair follicles (HFs); however, its role in sheep wool growth is unknown. Here, we clarified...
Fibroblast growth factor 9 () is crucial for the growth and development of hair follicles (HFs); however, its role in sheep wool growth is unknown. Here, we clarified the role of in HF growth in the small-tailed Han sheep by quantifying expression in skin tissue sections collected at different periods. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of protein supplementation on hair shaft growth in vitro and knockdown on cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs). The relationship between and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was examined, and the underlying mechanisms of -mediated DPC proliferation were investigated. The results show that expression varies throughout the HF cycle and participates in wool growth. The proliferation rate and cell cycle of -treated DPCs substantially increase compared to that of the control group, and the mRNA and protein expression of , a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway marker gene, is considerably lower than that in the control group. The opposite occurs in -knockdown DPCs. Moreover, other signaling pathways are enriched in the -treated group. In conclusion, accelerates the proliferation and cell cycle of DPCs and may regulate HF growth and development through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; Hair Follicle; Cell Proliferation; Hair; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 37239467
DOI: 10.3390/genes14051106 -
PloS One 2023The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of ICG-mediated fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) in debridement of necrotic tissue. 96 wound-infected rats were...
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of ICG-mediated fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) in debridement of necrotic tissue. 96 wound-infected rats were randomly divided into control group, ICG group, excitation light (EL)group and FMI group for debridement of necrotic tissue (n = 24). (I) Control group: only debridement; (II) ICG group: ICG injection before debridement; (III) EL group: Debridement under EL; (IV) FMI group: Debridement guided by ICG-mediated FMI. On the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days, the wound tissues of the rats in each group were collected for histological examination, and the levels of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were analyzed. The wound healing rate, wound score and body weight of the rats in each group were followed up until the wound healed. The results showed that the infected wounds of the rats in the FMI group had significant fluorescence development. The level of serum IL-4 in the FMI group was higher than that in the other three groups on the 6th day (p<0.01), while the level of INF-γ was lower than that in the other three groups on the 6th and 9th day (p<0.05). The results of dynamic wound tissue H&E staining indicated that the wound healing in the FMI group was better than the other three groups. The in vivo follow-up results showed that the wound healing rate and wound score of the FMI group were better than the other three groups, and the growth of rats had no difference with the other groups. ICG-mediated FMI can achieve accurate imaging of necrotic tissue for debridement, and so can accelerate wound healing, which has good clinical application prospects.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Debridement; Interleukin-4; Body Weight; Control Groups; Interferon-gamma; Necrosis; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37733658
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291508 -
Developmental Psychobiology Dec 2022In cross-sectional analyses, early institutional care is associated with shorter stature but not obesity during puberty in children adopted into US families. We examined...
In cross-sectional analyses, early institutional care is associated with shorter stature but not obesity during puberty in children adopted into US families. We examined whether shorter stature and leaner body composition in youth adopted internationally from institutions would continue as puberty progressed. We also examined whether current psychosocial stress would moderate the association between early institutional deprivation and growth during adolescence. Using an accelerated longitudinal design and linear mixed-effects models, we examined the height and body mass index (BMI) of 132 previously institutionalized (PI) and 176 nonadopted (NA) youth. We examined youth aged 7-15 at the beginning of the study three times across 2 years. Nurses assessed anthropometrics and pubertal status. Current psychosocial stress was measured using the Youth Life Stress Interview. Our results indicated that PI youth remained shorter and leaner across three assessments than NA youth. However, age-and-sex-adjusted BMI increased faster in PI youth. Psychosocial stress during puberty predicted greater age-and-sex-adjusted BMI, but this effect did not differ by group. The gap in BMI but not height appears to close between PI and NA youth. Higher psychosocial stress was associated with higher BMI during puberty.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Body Mass Index; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Cross-Sectional Studies; Puberty; Body Height
PubMed: 36426791
DOI: 10.1002/dev.22342 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Temperature strongly modulates muscle development and growth in ectothermic teleosts; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, primary...
Temperature strongly modulates muscle development and growth in ectothermic teleosts; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells of were conducted and reared at different temperatures (21, 25, and 28 °C) in both the proliferation and differentiation stages. CCK-8, EdU, wound scratch and nuclear fusion index assays revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and migration processes of skeletal muscle cells were significantly accelerated as the temperature raises. Based on the GO, GSEA, and WGCNA, higher temperature (28 °C) induced genes involved in HSF1 activation, DNA replication, and ECM organization processes at the proliferation stage, as well as HSF1 activation, calcium activity regulation, myogenic differentiation, and myoblast fusion, and sarcomere assembly processes at the differentiation stage. In contrast, lower temperature (21 °C) increased the expression levels of genes associated with DNA damage, DNA repair and apoptosis processes at the proliferation stage, and cytokine signaling and neutrophil degranulation processes at the differentiation stage. Additionally, we screened several hub genes regulating myogenesis processes. Our results could facilitate the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of temperature on fish skeletal muscle growth and further contribute to utilizing rational management strategies and promoting organism growth and development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Muscle Development; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Temperature
PubMed: 36077203
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179812 -
Metabolic Engineering Mar 2024Precise control over mammalian cell growth dynamics poses a major challenge in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we present a multi-level cell engineering strategy...
Precise control over mammalian cell growth dynamics poses a major challenge in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we present a multi-level cell engineering strategy for the tunable regulation of growth phases in mammalian cells. Initially, we engineered mammalian death phase by employing CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, resulting in a substantial attenuation of apoptosis by improving cell viability and extending culture lifespan. The second phase introduced a growth acceleration system, akin to a "gas pedal", based on an abscidic acid inducible system regulating cMYC gene expression, enabling rapid cell density increase and cell cycle control. The third phase focused on a stationary phase inducing system, comparable to a "brake pedal". A tetracycline inducible genetic circuit based on BLIMP1 gene led to cell growth cessation and arrested cell cycle upon activation. Finally, we developed a dual controllable system, combining the "gas and brake pedals", enabling for dynamic and precise orchestration of mammalian cell growth dynamics. This work exemplifies the application of synthetic biology tools and combinatorial cell engineering, offering a sophisticated framework for manipulating mammalian cell growth and providing a unique paradigm for reprogramming cell behaviour for enhancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing and further biomedical applications.
Topics: Cell Division; Gene Regulatory Networks; Biological Products; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Genetic Engineering; Cell Engineering
PubMed: 38325641
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.01.006