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Resuscitation Dec 2019
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Drowning; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Pressure; Thorax
PubMed: 31606396
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.09.029 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Drowning causes significant mortality and morbidity globally, and infants (0-4 years of age) are disproportionately impacted. In a groundbreaking approach to pediatric... (Review)
Review
Drowning causes significant mortality and morbidity globally, and infants (0-4 years of age) are disproportionately impacted. In a groundbreaking approach to pediatric drowning prevention, ecological psychology has been used to investigate the relationship between infants' perceptual-motor development and their behavior around bodies of water. In this review, we summarize recent research findings in the field of ecological psychology and apply these to the prevention of infant drowning. Studies have linked infants' avoidance of falls into the water with locomotor experience and type of accessway into bodies of water. Through crawling experience, infants learn to perceive the risk of falling into water and start adapting their behavior to avoid drop-offs leading into water. Infants tend to enter deep water more when the access is via a slope than via a drop-off. We propose that ecological psychology can enhance infant drowning prevention interventions. The aim is to create an additional layer of protection, the perceptual information layer, in addition to existing strategies, such as supervision and barriers. This new protective layer can be a powerful tool to further highlight the risk of entering the water and reduce infant drowning-related mortality and morbidity.
Topics: Child; Drowning; Humans; Infant; Water
PubMed: 35457435
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084567 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Jun 2022
Topics: Drowning; Faculty, Nursing; Humans
PubMed: 35285983
DOI: 10.1111/jan.15205 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Dec 2021A gender gap is present in drowning research and prevention interventions, resulting in an inequitable focus on males. This study aimed to address the gender data gap,...
INTRODUCTION
A gender gap is present in drowning research and prevention interventions, resulting in an inequitable focus on males. This study aimed to address the gender data gap, exploring female drowning in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
METHODS
National data on female fatal and non-fatal drowning requiring hospitalisation between 2003 and 2019 were sourced from DrownBase, Water Safety New Zealand's drowning database. Univariate and χ analyses were conducted for fatal and hospitalisation data. Crude rates were calculated and used to explore temporal trends and RR by age groups and ethnicity for fatal and non-fatal drowning. Ratios for drowning-related hospitalisations and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims to drowning deaths were also calculated.
RESULTS
From 2003 to 2019, a total of 1087 female drowning fatalities and non-fatal (76.0%) drowning incidents requiring hospitalisation occurred. Linear trends indicate hospitalisations increased (y=0.0766x+1.4271; R=0.4438), while fatal drowning decreased (y=-0.0101x+0.7671; R=0.1011). The highest fatal (1.60) and non-fatal (8.22) drowning rates were seen among children aged 0-4 years. For every one female drowning fatality, there are 3.46 hospital admissions and 675.55 ACC claims.
DISCUSSION
Female drowning represents a significant burden on the health system and the community in New Zealand. Further investment in interventions targeting females about their own risky behaviours around water (not only children in their care) is suggested, including interventions focused on hazardous conditions and alcohol consumption.
CONCLUSION
For decades, the focus of drowning prevention among adolescents and adults has been on males. However, efforts must be broadened to prevent any further increase in drowning-related incidents among females in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Drowning; Ethnicity; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; New Zealand; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33431574
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044072 -
The American Journal of Forensic... Mar 2024A study was undertaken at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, of all cases of homicide (January 2003-December 2022) where the victims' bodies had been... (Review)
Review
A study was undertaken at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, of all cases of homicide (January 2003-December 2022) where the victims' bodies had been concealed. Three hundred twenty-six homicides were identified, which included 27 cases where bodies had been deliberately hidden (8%) (age range, 2-82 years; ave, 34.9 years; M:F = 1.5:1). Deaths were due to blunt force trauma (n = 11), sharp force trauma (n = 4), asphyxia (n = 4), gunshot wound (n = 2), and a combination of drowning and asphyxia (n = 1). In 5 cases, the cause of death was not determinable. The methods of concealment (which were sometimes overlapping) included the following: dumping at a hidden/isolated location (n = 8), burial (n = 7), dismembering (n = 3), incinerating (n = 3), hiding in a wheeled garbage bin (n = 2), disposing in garbage resulting in the remains being located at waste disposal facilities (n = 2), hiding in a shed (n = 1), under a concrete floor (n = 1), in a suitcase (n = 1), in a river (n = 1), in a mine shaft (n = 1), and in a septic tank (n = 1). Although it has been asserted that concealed homicides are rarely encountered in forensic practice, the current study has demonstrated that the bodies in at least 8% of victims of homicide in South Australia have undergone some form of concealment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Age Distribution; Asphyxia; Drowning; Homicide; Retrospective Studies; Wounds, Gunshot; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Male; Female
PubMed: 38305298
DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000868 -
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease... Sep 2020National injury hospitalization statistics are essential for understanding the burden and pattern of injuries. This paper used the Discharge Abstract Database to analyse...
National injury hospitalization statistics are essential for understanding the burden and pattern of injuries. This paper used the Discharge Abstract Database to analyse injury hospitalizations in Canada (excluding Quebec) for fiscal year 2018/19. The results show that unintentional injuries were the eighth leading cause of hospitalization compared to all other diseases and conditions. For unintentional injury-related hospitalizations, in rank order, the leading causes were falls, suffocation, motor vehicle traffic crashes, poisonings, struck by/against, and fire/hot object/smoke. However, the rankings were different across age groups.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Asphyxia; Canada; Child; Cost of Illness; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Self-Injurious Behavior; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 32909938
DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.40.9.03 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood.... Apr 2021Drowning is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. The underlying mechanisms vary with child development and most are modifiable to public...
Drowning is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. The underlying mechanisms vary with child development and most are modifiable to public health promotion strategies. This article serves to highlight some of the specific considerations for the clinical management of drowning in children, both prehospital and by the in-hospital paediatric resuscitation team. This includes changes to standard advanced paediatric life support in the presence of hypothermia.
Topics: Child; Drowning; Humans; Near Drowning; Referral and Consultation; Resuscitation
PubMed: 32709594
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318823 -
Maternal and Child Health Journal Dec 2019Objectives (a) Update previous descriptions of trends in ASSB; (b) determine if factors previously associated with ASSB are replicated by updated data; and (c) generate...
Objectives (a) Update previous descriptions of trends in ASSB; (b) determine if factors previously associated with ASSB are replicated by updated data; and (c) generate new hypotheses about the occurrence of ASSB and racial inequalities in ASSB mortality. Methods National Center for Health Statistics files (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition) Code W75 to describe race-ethnicity-specific ASSB occurrence. Results (a) ASSB mortality continues to increase significantly; for 1999-2016, 4.4-fold for NHB girls (45.8 per 100,000 in 2016), 3.5-fold for NHB boys (53.8), 2.7-fold for NHW girls (15.8) and 4.0-fold for NHW boys (25.9); (b) F actors previously associated with ASSB (unmarried mothers and mothers with low educational attainment, low infant birth weight, low gestational age, lack of prenatal care, male infant, multiple birth, high birth order) continue to be associated with both overall ASSB and inequalities adversely affecting NHB; (c) (1) geographic differences and similarities in ASSB occurrence support hypotheses related to positive deviance; (2) lower ASSB mortality for births attended by midwives as contrasted to physicians generate hypotheses related to both medical infrastructure and maternal engagement; (3) high rates of ASSB among infants born to teenage mothers generate hypotheses related to the possibility that poor maternal health may be a barrier to ASSB prevention based on education, culture and tradition. Conclusions for Practice These descriptive data may generate new hypotheses and targets for interventions for reducing both ASSB mortality and racial inequalities. Analytic epidemiologic studies designed a priori to do so are required to address these hypotheses.
Topics: Accidents, Home; Adolescent; Asphyxia; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Population Surveillance; Pregnancy; Racial Groups; Sudden Infant Death; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 31243626
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02786-5 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Mar 2021To identify how British Child Death Overview Panels (CDOPs) and paediatric pathologists classify cause of death for sleep-related Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy...
AIM
To identify how British Child Death Overview Panels (CDOPs) and paediatric pathologists classify cause of death for sleep-related Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). To determine compliance with national requirements for SUDI investigation.
METHODS
Electronic survey of CDOPs and pathologists using three vignettes of SUDI cases illustrating: accidental asphyxia, typical Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and SIDS with co-sleeping.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight (41%) of 92 CDOPs returned questionnaires, and 32 were complete. Thirteen (14%) of 90 pathologists returned complete questionnaires. Thirty-one (97%) CDOPs and 7 (53%) pathologists agreed with the cause of death in the accidental asphyxia case; 24 (75%) CDOPs and 9 (69%) pathologists in the typical SIDS case; and 11 (34%) CDOPs and 1 (8%) pathologist in the co-sleeping SIDS case. Pathologists used the terms SUDI or unascertained as the cause of death for the accidental asphyxia case (46%) and the co-sleeping SIDS case (77%). These terms were used by CDOPs for the typical SIDS case (25%) and the co-sleeping SIDS case (41%). Seventeen (46%) CDOPs reported compliance with guidelines for investigation in more than 75% of cases.
CONCLUSION
There is wide variation in classification of deaths, with only limited agreement between CDOPs and pathologists. The terms SIDS and accidental asphyxia are underused, even in typical cases.
Topics: Asphyxia; Child; Humans; Infant; Sleep; Sudden Infant Death
PubMed: 32654334
DOI: 10.1111/apa.15472 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2022Incompleteness of fatal drowning statistics is a familiar problem impeding public health measures. Part of the problem may be that only data on accidental drowning are...
INTRODUCTION
Incompleteness of fatal drowning statistics is a familiar problem impeding public health measures. Part of the problem may be that only data on accidental drowning are used and not the full potential of accessible data.
METHODS
This study combines cause-of-death certificates and public prosecutor's court documents between 1998 and 2017 to obtain an aggregated profile. Data are also used as a basis for a trend analysis.
RESULTS
The dataset includes 5571 drowned persons (1.69 per 100,000). The highest risk group are persons above the age of 50. Demographic differences are observed between suicide by drowning, accidental drowning, and drowning due to transportation (0.72, 0.64, 0.28 per 100.000) and between native Dutch, and Dutch with western and non-western background (1.46, 1.43, 1.76 per 100.000). Non-residents account for another 12.2%. When comparing the periods 1998-2007 with 2008-2017, the Standard Mortality declines for suicide drowning and accidental drowning among persons with a native Dutch and non-western background. Single regression analysis confirms a decrease of drowning over the full period, breakpoint analysis shows an increase in the incidence of the total number of drowning, suicide by drowning and accidental drowning starting in 2007, 2008 resp. 2012.
DISCUSSION
Compared to the formal number of fatal accidental drowning in the Netherlands (n = 1718; incidence 0.52 per 100,000), the study identifies 350% more drowning. Differences in demographic data and the recent increase needs to be explored for public health interventions.
Topics: Drowning; Ethnicity; Humans; Incidence; Netherlands; Suicide
PubMed: 35177025
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12620-3