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Journal of Natural Products Apr 2022Chemical investigation of the fermentation products of a deep sea water-derived actinomycete, sp. KD439, identified seven new angucyclinones, designated as... (Review)
Review
Chemical investigation of the fermentation products of a deep sea water-derived actinomycete, sp. KD439, identified seven new angucyclinones, designated as kumemicinones A-G (-), together with the known SF2315B and miaosporone E. NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, combined with X-ray crystallography and quantum chemical calculations of NMR chemical shifts and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, uncovered the structures of new angucyclinones as regioisomers of SF2315B at the allyl alcohol unit ( and ), an epoxy ring-opened γ-hydroxy enone isomer (), a B/C-ring-rearranged product (), or dimers with a new mode of bridging (-), adding new structural variation to this antibiotic group. The absolute configuration of SF2315B was also determined by comparison of ECD spectra with those of and . All the angucyclinones exhibited cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia cells, with IC values ranging from 1.8 to 53 μM.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomadura; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Circular Dichroism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 35343685
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01205 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2022A novel actinomycete strain PM05-2 was isolated from the lichen (Nyl.) Hale collected from Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was...
A novel actinomycete strain PM05-2 was isolated from the lichen (Nyl.) Hale collected from Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was studied using the polyphasic approach. Based on the morphology and chemotaxonomic properties, strain PM05-2 was identified as a member of the genus . The whole-cell hydrolysate contained -diaminopimelic acid, rhamnose, ribose, xylose, madurose, glucose and galactose. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The menaquinones were MK-9(H), MK-9(H), MK-9(H), MK-9(H) and MK-9(H). The major cellular fatty acids were C and C ω9. Strain PM05-2 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to NBRC 15177 (98.58%), NBRC 14229 (98.29 %) and DSM 44197 (98.14 %). The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that strain PM05-2 was related to NBRC 15177, NBRC 14229, DSM 44197 and RB68. The genomic analysis revealed that average nucleotide identity values based on both blast and MUMmer between strain PM05-2 and the relative type strains ranged from 77.6 to 86.4%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among the strains were lower than the threshold for assigning to the same species. The taxonomic results suggested that strain PM05-2 represented a novel species of the genus for which the name is proposed. The type strain is PM05-2 (=TBRC 15492=NBRC 115416).
Topics: Actinomadura; Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Lichens; Parmeliaceae; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 35816443
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005447 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2021An actinobacterium, designated 14C53, was isolated from a soil sample on basaltic material from Samsun, Turkey. The growth ranges for NaCl concentration and pH of strain...
An actinobacterium, designated 14C53, was isolated from a soil sample on basaltic material from Samsun, Turkey. The growth ranges for NaCl concentration and pH of strain 14C53 were quite limited and the growth temperature range of the strain was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 14C53 was most closely related to A8036 (98.5 % similarity value), but in the phylogenetic tree, it formed a clade with D310A. The genome tree revealed a close relationship between the strain and DSM 43383. However, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain 14C53 with A8036 and DSM 43383 were 28.6-30.2 % and 84.3-85.5 %, respectively, and comparative analyses based on the genome sequences demonstrated that it represents a novel species of the genus . The genome size of strain 14C53 was approximately 9.0 Mb and the genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 71.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 14C53 were C and -C. Strain 14C53 contained -diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H) and MK-9(H). Based on evidence collected from the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species sp. nov. is proposed, with 14C53 (=DSM 104447=KCTC 39878) as the type strain.
Topics: Actinomadura; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Turkey; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 34705623
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005062 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2020A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-Ht49, was isolated from sea sand sampled in Sanya and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene...
A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-Ht49, was isolated from sea sand sampled in Sanya and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-Ht49 was most closely related to SDA37 (98.8 %), NEAU-G17 (98.6 %), ATCC 43269 (98.6 %) and NEAU-Gz5 (98.6 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-Ht49 formed a cluster with SDA37, NEAU-G17, ATCC 43269, NEAU-Gz5 and CS5-AC15 (96.4 %). Meso-diaminopimelic acid was detected in its cell walls and glucose, madurose, mannose and ribose were detected in whole-cell hydrolysate. The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside and two unidentified lipids. The majoy menaquinone was MK-10(H) and the minor menaquinones were MK-9(H) and MK-9(H). The major fatty acids were C, Cω9, 10-methyl C and iso-C. Moreover, morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of properties of strain NEAU-Ht49 also confirmed the affiliation of the isolate to the genus . However, DNA-DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-Ht49 could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-Ht49 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed, with strain NEAU-Ht49 (=CGMCC 4.7499=JCM 32659) as the type strain.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cell Wall; China; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sand; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 31671050
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003819 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021, an important Chinese medicinal herb, can be mainly cultivated in two planting patterns, cropland planting (DT) and understory planting (LX). We speculate that the...
, an important Chinese medicinal herb, can be mainly cultivated in two planting patterns, cropland planting (DT) and understory planting (LX). We speculate that the rhizosphere microbiome may vary in DT and LX and may play an important role in promoting the growth and health of . In the present study, culture-independent Illumina HiSeq was employed to investigate the rhizosphere bacteria and fungi under DT and LX planting patterns. Predominant phyla include , , , , and in the two planting patterns. DT has higher alpha diversity index than LX. The predominant LX-core genera include , , and the predominant DT-core genera include , , and . Total relative abundance of the disease-suppression phylum (, , and ) and the potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were both significantly higher in LX than in DT. We also identified over-presented microbial functional traits mediating plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, nutrition acquisition, and plant growth promotion in rhizosphere. Our findings provide a valuable reference for studying beneficial microbes and pathogens of planted in DT and LX.
PubMed: 34177857
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673512 -
Natural Product Reports Mar 2024Covering: up to the end of 2022In recent years rare Actinobacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich source of novel bioactive metabolites. are... (Review)
Review
Covering: up to the end of 2022In recent years rare Actinobacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich source of novel bioactive metabolites. are Gram-positive bacteria that occupy a wide range of ecological niches. This review highlights about 230 secondary metabolites produced by spp., reported until the end of 2022, including their bioactivities and selected biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the bioactive compounds produced by spp. demonstrate a wide range of activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor and anticoccidial effects, highlighting their potential in various fields.
Topics: Actinomadura; Actinobacteria; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Biology
PubMed: 38099919
DOI: 10.1039/d3np00047h -
Bacterial Microbiome Differences between the Roots of Diseased and Healthy Chinese Hickory () Trees.Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2023is an important economic nut tree that is endemic to eastern China. As such, outbreaks of root rot disease in result in reduced yields and serious economic losses....
is an important economic nut tree that is endemic to eastern China. As such, outbreaks of root rot disease in result in reduced yields and serious economic losses. Moreover, while soil bacterial communities play a crucial role in plant health and are associated with plant disease outbreaks, their diversity and composition in are not clearly understood. In this study, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were found to be the most dominant bacterial communities (accounting for approximately 80.32% of the total) in the root tissue, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil of healthy specimens. Further analysis revealed the abundance of genera belonging to Proteobacteria, namely, , , , , and , was higher in the root tissues of healthy specimens than in those of diseased and dead trees. In addition, the abundance of four genera belonging to Actinobacteria, namely, , , , and , was significantly higher in the root tissues of healthy specimens than in those of diseased and dead trees. Altogether, these results suggest that disruption in the balance of these bacterial communities may be associated with the development of root rot in , and further, our study provides theoretical guidance for the isolation and control of pathogens and diseases related to this important tree species.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacteria; Carya; Gammaproteobacteria; Microbiota; Plant Roots; Proteobacteria; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Trees
PubMed: 37528558
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04054 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... Apr 2021Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous granulomatous disease of the soft tissue and extremities. Herein we report four cases of mycetoma caused by different agents, two...
Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous granulomatous disease of the soft tissue and extremities. Herein we report four cases of mycetoma caused by different agents, two caused by Madurella mycetomatis, with Actinomadura madurae and Streptomyces somaliensis affecting the others. These lesions originated at different sites but eventually spread to the inguinal region. The exact mechanism for such spread is still unknown and the clinical presentation of our case series was distinctive and required intensive follow-up for appropriate management.
Topics: Humans; Madurella; Mycetoma; Streptomyces
PubMed: 33476389
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa181 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological... (Review)
Review
Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological activities and are promising therapeutic agents. The present review assesses the biosynthetic capabilities of actinomycetes to produce various terpene derivatives; reports the main methodological approaches to searching for new terpenes and their derivatives; identifies the most active terpene producers among actinomycetes; and describes the chemical diversity and biological properties of the obtained compounds. Among terpene derivatives isolated from actinomycetes, compounds with pronounced antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other effects were determined. Actinomycete-produced terpenoids and meroterpenoids with high antimicrobial activity are of interest as a source of novel antibiotics effective against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Most of the discovered terpene derivatives are produced by the genus ; however, recent publications have reported terpene biosynthesis by members of the genera , , , , , , , , etc. It should be noted that the use of genetically modified actinomycetes is an effective tool for studying and regulating terpenes, as well as increasing productivity of terpene biosynthesis in comparison with native producers. The review includes research articles on terpene biosynthesis by between 2000 and 2022, and a patent analysis in this area shows current trends and actual research directions in this field.
PubMed: 37375819
DOI: 10.3390/ph16060872 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Large scale cultivation and chemical investigation of an extract obtained from sp. resulted in the identification of six previously undescribed spirotetronates...
Large scale cultivation and chemical investigation of an extract obtained from sp. resulted in the identification of six previously undescribed spirotetronates (pyrrolosporin B and decatromicins C-G; -), along with six known congeners, namely decatromicins A-B (-), BE-45722B-D (-), and pyrrolosporin A (). The chemical structures of compounds - were characterized via comparison with previously reported data and analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The structures of all new compounds were highly related to the spirotetronate type compounds, decatromicin and pyrrolosporin, with variations in the substituents on the pyrrole and aglycone moieties. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria, and were investigated for their cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell line A549. Of these, decatromicin B (), BE-45722B (), and pyrrolosporin B () exhibited potent antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (MIC between 1-3 μM) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC values ranging from 12-36 μM) with weak or no cytotoxic activity against A549 cells.
Topics: Humans; Polyketides; Actinomadura; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36500287
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238196