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International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2020The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review... (Review)
Review
The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health staff with an updated and easy-to-consult document arising from consensus of Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) experts. The core published documents and guidelines have been reviewed, including the recently published MDR-TB WHO rapid advice and ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA guidelines. After a rapid review of epidemiology and risk factors, the clinical priorities on MDR-TB diagnosis (including whole genome sequencing and drug-susceptibility testing interpretations) and treatment (treatment design and management, TB in children) are discussed. Furthermore, the review comprehensively describes the latest information on contact tracing and LTBI management in MDR-TB contacts, while providing guidance on post-treatment functional evaluation and rehabilitation of TB sequelae, infection control and other public health priorities.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Contact Tracing; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis; Humans; Infection Control; Latent Tuberculosis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 32032752
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.042 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Sep 2023Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The site of involvement can vary widely, with common sites including the lymph...
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The site of involvement can vary widely, with common sites including the lymph nodes, pleura, skin, ear, nose and throat, genitourinary system, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, and central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary TB are diverse and often non-specific. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, imaging, histopathology, and microbiology. Treatment of extrapulmonary TB generally follows similar principles to pulmonary TB, but the duration of treatment depends on the site of involvement and the extent of the disease. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for the timely recognition and effective management of extrapulmonary TB cases.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Diagnostic Imaging; Lymph Nodes
PubMed: 37793616
DOI: 10.1055/a-1937-8186 -
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Apr 2022The aim of this article is to review the most recent evidences concerning mycobacterial skin infections, limiting the period of literature research to 2020--2021. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this article is to review the most recent evidences concerning mycobacterial skin infections, limiting the period of literature research to 2020--2021.
RECENT FINDINGS
Mycobacterial skin infections include a heterogeneous group of cutaneous diseases.Cutaneous tuberculosis is usually the result of hematogenous dissemination or spread from underlying foci and it must be distinguished from tuberculids, resulting from the immunological reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Leprosy prevalence was drastically reduced after introduction of multidrug therapy in the 1980 s, but cases are still reported due to underdiagnosis, and animal and environmental reservoirs. Recent advances concentrate in the diagnostic field. Specific guidelines for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria skin infections are missing and surgical procedures may be required. Prognosis is better as compared to nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease. Rapid laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Buruli ulcer may be achieved by the IS2404 PCR. Among new drugs, telacebec is promising in terms of potency, shorter duration and tolerability in animal studies. A clinical trial in humans is planned.
SUMMARY
Mycobacterial cutaneous lesions are nonpathognomonic and clinical suspicion must be confirmed by culture or molecular detection. Long-course multidrug treatment is required based on susceptibility tests. Surgical intervention may also be required. Rehabilitation and psychosocial support reduce long-term physical and mental consequences mostly in Buruli ulcer and leprosy.
Topics: Animals; Buruli Ulcer; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
PubMed: 35067521
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000820 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Dec 2021Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often...
Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often has a dentogenic focus. The clinical presentation ranges from acute abscess to chronically fistulating soft tissue processes. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach including a combination of extensive antibiotic treatment and, if necessary, surgical intervention are critical. This article presents five cases of actinomycete infections, which are intended to illustrate the variety of clinical presentations, the problems on the way to the correct diagnosis and possible therapeutic courses.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 33618377
DOI: 10.1055/a-1381-8406 -
The International Journal of... Apr 2023TB affects around 10.6 million people each year and there are now around 155 million TB survivors. TB and its treatments can lead to permanently impaired health and...
TB affects around 10.6 million people each year and there are now around 155 million TB survivors. TB and its treatments can lead to permanently impaired health and wellbeing. In 2019, representatives of TB affected communities attending the '1 International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium´ called for the development of clinical guidance on these issues. This clinical statement on post-TB health and wellbeing responds to this call and builds on the work of the symposium, which brought together TB survivors, healthcare professionals and researchers. Our document offers expert opinion and, where possible, evidence-based guidance to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of post-TB conditions and research in this field. It covers all aspects of post-TB, including economic, social and psychological wellbeing, post TB lung disease (PTLD), cardiovascular and pericardial disease, neurological disability, effects in adolescents and children, and future research needs.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Tuberculosis; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37035971
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0514 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Peritonitis, Tuberculous; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
PubMed: 35333483
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2114345 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2022SummaryHabitual cough suppression leading to non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and bronchiectasis has been reported. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with...
SummaryHabitual cough suppression leading to non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and bronchiectasis has been reported. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with a chronic history of cough with mild expectoration and frequent lower respiratory tract infections, remitting with antibiotic therapy and other supportive measures. She also reported habitual cough suppression for several years. She was eventually diagnosed with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) positive right middle lobe bronchiectasis-Lady Windermere syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), causing disabling symptoms limiting her daily activities. We aim to highlight two key issues-diagnosing MAC infections in a tuberculosis endemic country, and OSA and its long-term clinical implications.
Topics: Bronchiectasis; Cough; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 35256362
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246285 -
The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 2022
Topics: Humans; Aged; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 36400507
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.10.005 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Feb 2021
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Brevibacterium; Humans
PubMed: 33844798
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000100099 -
The Lancet. Public Health Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 36965975
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00063-4