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The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis Apr 2022Tuberculosis is still one of the ten leading causes for death worldwide. In spite of the latest medical and health advance gained over a period of time, tuberculosis... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis is still one of the ten leading causes for death worldwide. In spite of the latest medical and health advance gained over a period of time, tuberculosis effectively evades the successful targeting by drugs. The persistence abilities demonstrated by the mycobacteria had surprised the global community, since its discovery and pathogenesis in humans. Emergence and detection of drug resistant mycobacteria (MDR-TB, XDR-TB) had further complicated the treatment regime. Under the aegis of WHO, there is a concerted understanding and effort by the global community to eradicate TB. Towards this goal, novel drug molecules, new vaccine and treatment regime are being developed. Here, our current understanding pertaining to mode of action, molecular mechanisms of novel as well as traditional drug molecules and possible drug resistance mechanism in M. Tuberculosis is reviewed. Recent advances on new vaccination regime are also reviewed as it demonstrated huge potential in containing TB. This knowledge is essential for the development of more effective drug molecules, vaccines and may help in devising new strategy for containing and eradicating TB.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 35379406
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.04.008 -
The International Journal of... Mar 2020
Topics: Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Nursing Homes; Spain; Tuberculosis; Vitamin D
PubMed: 32228752
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0045 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2020A standard treatment regimen against Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MABC) infections has not yet been established, making MABC difficult to treat successfully. In...
OBJECTIVES
A standard treatment regimen against Mycobacteroides abscessus complex (MABC) infections has not yet been established, making MABC difficult to treat successfully. In this study, we sought to develop an active ingredient for the clinical treatment of MABC infections.
METHODS
We screened 102 MABC strains isolated from clinical specimens using DNA sequence analysis with the housekeeping genes hsp65 and rpoB. Drug susceptibility testing was performed against two subspecies-Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense (M. massiliense)-using eight antimicrobial agents (clarithromycin, amikacin, doxycycline, imipenem, linezolid, moxifloxacin, faropenem, and rifampicin). The combined efficacy of the antimicrobial agents was investigated using a checkerboard method.
RESULTS
We identified 51 isolates as M. abscessus, 46 as M. massiliense, and five as others. Most of the M. abscessus isolates (83.0 %) exhibited inducible resistance to clarithromycin via the expression of the erm(41) gene. Combinations of imipenem with linezolid, moxifloxacin, and rifampicin exhibited additive effects against 81.0 %, 40.7 %, and 26.9 % of M. abscessus, respectively, and against 54.5 %, 69.2 %, and 30.8 % of M. massiliense, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrated the potential efficacy of a regimen containing imipenem against M. abscessus and M. massiliense infections.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Doxycycline; Humans; Imipenem; Linezolid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Mycobacteriaceae; Sequence Analysis, DNA; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 32526389
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.007 -
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious... Apr 2020The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is challenging, and the prevalence of abdominal TB in children is likely underestimated. It may present with nonspecific... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is challenging, and the prevalence of abdominal TB in children is likely underestimated. It may present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and signs, but children who present with pulmonary TB may have additional abdominal subclinical involvement. Diagnosis is specifically challenging because none of the available diagnostic tools provide adequate sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the best available evidence on abdominal TB in children, covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. We propose a diagnostic approach that could be followed for symptomatic children. We believe that a combination of investigations could be useful to both aid diagnosis and define the extent of the disease, and we propose that abdominal ultrasound should be used more frequently in children with possible TB and any abdominal symptoms. This neglected disease has received little attention to date, and further research is warranted.
Topics: Abdomen; Child; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiography, Abdominal; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31909804
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz093 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Cytokines; Immunotherapy; Mycobacterium Infections; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 33968090
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684200 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2024
World Tuberculosis Day 2024 theme "Yes! We can end TB" can be made a reality through concerted global efforts that advance detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis infection and disease.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Antitubercular Agents; Latent Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38458422
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106993 -
JAMA Aug 2022
Topics: Art; Humans; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 35862060
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.24029 -
The European Respiratory Journal Jul 2022
Topics: China; Clinical Protocols; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 35798372
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00540-2022 -
International Journal of... 2021Cutaneous tuberculosis is uncommon, comprising 1%-2% of all extrapulmonary manifestations. It has a wide clinical spectrum. The clinical presentation depends on the...
Cutaneous tuberculosis is uncommon, comprising 1%-2% of all extrapulmonary manifestations. It has a wide clinical spectrum. The clinical presentation depends on the route of the infection, the pathogenicity of the bacteria, and the immune status of the host. Association of multiple forms in a same patient is uncommon. We report a case of disseminated tuberculosis with polymorphous cutaneous lesions in an immunocompetent woman, combining scrofuloderma, gummas, and sporotrichoid lesions, along with tuberculous adenitis and bone tuberculosis.
Topics: Female; Granuloma; Humans; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Miliary; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular
PubMed: 33707378
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_224_20 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Dec 2022LP is an uncommon reaction characterized by outbreaks of erythematous, painful, slightly infiltrated macules and hemorrhagic bullae that progress to ulceration that...
INTRODUCTION
LP is an uncommon reaction characterized by outbreaks of erythematous, painful, slightly infiltrated macules and hemorrhagic bullae that progress to ulceration that occurs in patients with Lucio leprosy and lepromatous leprosy; it can be considered a variant of type 2 or 3 reaction. Death can occur because of blood dyscrasia or sepsis. Precipitating factors include infections, drugs, and pregnancy.
CASE REPORT
A 17-year-old female presented with fever, tachycardia, adynamia, extensive hyperchromic and purplish macular lesions, erythematous plaques, multiple blisters with serohematic content, and necrotic exulcerations and ulcers on the lower and upper limbs, ears, nose, palms, and soles. Past medical history included leprosy and a first trimester miscarriage. The patient was diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy in reactional state (ie, LP) and MDT was restarted in association with systemic corticosteroid and pentoxifylline. Local therapy was performed with cleansing solution (0.9% sodium chloride), dressing with silver sulfadiazine ointment, and surgical debridement of the necrotic lesions.
CONCLUSION
LP is a rare manifestation that may be fatal because of considerable inflammatory activity and the extent and severity of dermatologic lesions. Pregnancy is strongly associated with exacerbation of symptoms. Debridement is required to excise nonviable tissue and promote wound healing.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Leprosy, Multibacillary; Leprosy; Erythema
PubMed: 36645661
DOI: 10.25270/wnds/21095