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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Oct 2022Whipple's disease is a chronic and systemic disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Data... (Review)
Review
Whipple's disease is a chronic and systemic disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Data from the last two decades have substantially increased our knowledge of the spectrum and our understanding of T whipplei infections. Although T whipplei seems ubiquitously present in the environment, Whipple's disease itself is very rare. Remarkably, primary infections can be symptomatic, but most cases result in bacterial clearance and seroconversion. However, some individuals are unable to clear the bacterium leading to persistence and asymptomatic carriage. In very rare cases, which might be associated with a subtle immune defect, T whipplei replication is uncontrolled and manifests as classical Whipple's disease or T whipplei localised infections. In this review, we provide a comprehensive outline of T whipplei infection, including the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. We also provide an up-to-date overview of our understanding of the host immune response and pathophysiology and discuss future research avenues to resolve the lacking pieces of the puzzle of T whipplei infections.
Topics: Humans; Tropheryma; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 35427488
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00128-1 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2022We report a case of primary temporal bone diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a rare entity. A 71-year-old male with a history of dementia and hemicraniectomy...
We report a case of primary temporal bone diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a rare entity. A 71-year-old male with a history of dementia and hemicraniectomy presented due to 1 month of a pronounced left ulcerative mastoid lesion. Strikingly, there were no cranial nerve deficits which was unexpected due to the degree of the lesion. Initially, infectious mastoiditis was suspected based on physical examination alone. Due to the patient being a poor historian, it was difficult to determine whether this was an acute or chronic issue. Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma, infectious mastoiditis, and actinomycosis were on the differential, but biopsies revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mastoid; Mastoiditis; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 32841094
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320950493 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2024A man in his 50s, with a history of night sweats and weight loss, presented acutely with dyspnoea and chest pain. Imaging revealed right middle lobe consolidation and a...
A man in his 50s, with a history of night sweats and weight loss, presented acutely with dyspnoea and chest pain. Imaging revealed right middle lobe consolidation and a large pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of actinomycosis was made using endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling from the pericardial effusion. An orthopantomogram demonstrated that the source was a large cavity in the left lower wisdom tooth. This tooth was extracted before the completion of his antibiotic course, and the patient made a full recovery. Cardiac actinomycosis is rare, and there are few case reports describing endobronchial ultrasound-guided sampling of pericardial fluid.
Topics: Humans; Male; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chest Pain; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardium; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38195185
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257733 -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2020Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial infection. It is often of dental origin and tends to mimic other dental... (Review)
Review
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial infection. It is often of dental origin and tends to mimic other dental infections, granulomatous disorders, and cancers. The initial diagnostic workup, predicated upon imaging and tissue biopsies, is frequently nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis is usually rendered only after surgical excision and histologic examination of the cervicofacial mass. We propose a classification of three stages: localized infection without sinus involvement, localized infection with sinus involvement, and disseminated infection, to facilitate recognition, diagnosis, and early aggressive treatment. Untreated infection may be life-threatening. Therapy may require long-term antibiotics; however, many cases may also necessitate complete surgical excision.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Humans
PubMed: 32162331
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14833 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2019Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the disease affects the cervicofacial region, but other anatomical sites in the abdomen, thorax and central nervous system may be involved. Differential diagnosis includes neoplasia. Prolonged culture of deep samples in an anaerobic environment is the gold standard of the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is intravenous penicillin G followed by oral amoxicillin for a total duration of 6 to 12 months. However, depending on the location and response to antibiotics, shorter therapy may be considered.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31599519
DOI: No ID Found -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Dec 2021Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often...
Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often has a dentogenic focus. The clinical presentation ranges from acute abscess to chronically fistulating soft tissue processes. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach including a combination of extensive antibiotic treatment and, if necessary, surgical intervention are critical. This article presents five cases of actinomycete infections, which are intended to illustrate the variety of clinical presentations, the problems on the way to the correct diagnosis and possible therapeutic courses.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 33618377
DOI: 10.1055/a-1381-8406 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2022
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36287474
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0315-2022 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Aug 2022
Topics: Aortitis; Humans; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 35078215
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac042 -
Pathology Jun 2022
Topics: Actinomycosis; Canaliculitis; Dacryocystitis; Humans
PubMed: 34565602
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.07.005