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Journal of Neuro-oncology Dec 2020Sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNAC) are rare and heterogeneous. Management of SNAC follows a rather standardized and internationally accepted paradigm. Several refinements... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNAC) are rare and heterogeneous. Management of SNAC follows a rather standardized and internationally accepted paradigm. Several refinements have been introduced during the last decade.
METHODS
A narrative review of most updated literature on SNACs has been conducted.
RESULTS
SNACs are classified as intestinal-type and non-intestinal-type, which are further categorized according to grade. Preoperative work-up should include magnetic resonance imaging (or contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a secondary or complementary choice) and biopsy under general anesthesia, or under local anesthesia in case of a history of exposure to wood and/or leather dust. Positron emission tomography, neck ultrasound, and fine-needle aspiration cytology are indicated in selected cases. Surgery represents the most common upfront modality of treatment and is usually accomplished via a transnasal endoscopic approach. Adjuvant radiation therapy is indicated for high-grade, locally advanced tumors and/or in case of margins involvement. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin may offer high response rates and long-term control in a subgroup of patients affected by intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, and in particular in those whose tumors harbor a functional p53 protein. Most of the bio- and immune-therapeutic potentials on SNACs still remain theoretical, and no clinical data are currently available.
CONCLUSIONS
Management of SNAC consists of histological diagnosis, radiological staging, radical surgery, and adjuvant radiation therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be indicated in selected cases. The role of biotherapy and immune therapy still needs to be elucidated.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Humans; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Skull Base Neoplasms
PubMed: 31897925
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03385-8 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Dec 2019Pancreas cancer is a complex disease and its prognosis is related to the origin of the tumor cell as well as the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Pancreas cancer is a complex disease and its prognosis is related to the origin of the tumor cell as well as the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas derive from the exocrine pancreas and are the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, while well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) derived from the endocrine part of the pancreas are rare and characterized by a slow growth and good life expectancy. Surgery is the only curative treatment approach, and an accurate assessment of resectability is of paramount importance in order to avoid futile procedures. The role of molecular imaging with positron emission tomography and computed tomography ranges from indispensable for pNETs to controversial for certain scenarios in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. This review article aims to overview molecular pancreatic imaging.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31806148
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.04.006 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Sep 2020Mucinous appendiceal tumors include low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Nonmucinous... (Review)
Review
Mucinous appendiceal tumors include low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Nonmucinous adenocarcinomas are less frequent. Recent consensus guidelines and the latest edition of the World Health Organization classification will allow consistent use of agreed nomenclature. Accurate diagnosis is important not only for patient management but also to allow comparison of results between centers and tumor registries. Serrated polyps are the most common benign polyp in the appendix. They need to be distinguished from low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, which can also mimic other benign conditions. Goblet cell adenocarcinomas are a distinctive type of appendiceal neoplasm.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Appendix; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 32773195
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2020.05.006 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Apr 2023Colorectal carcinoma is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. More than 95.0% of the cancer is adenocarcinoma. Mucinous adenocarcinomas account for about... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Colorectal carcinoma is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. More than 95.0% of the cancer is adenocarcinoma. Mucinous adenocarcinomas account for about 10.0% of all colorectal cancers. The expression of mucin themselves may play a role in the ability of tumors cells to escape the effect of systemic therapy and the process of tumor progression, invasion, survival and protection against the host immune response. The mucin lakes may also be a physiological barrier for the delivery of targeted therapy to the tumors cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the morphologic and histologic prognostic factors of mucinous and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. In this descriptive cross-sectional type of observational study a total of 98 samples with colorectal adenocarcinoma were evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of the mucin from 2017 and 2018. The study was conducted in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue whose slides were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin technique. Mucin was evaluated by Periodic acid schiff and Diastase periodic acid schiff stain. Totally, 27 of 98 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (27.6%) had mucinous histologic subtype. Statistical significant results found in this research are as follows: Mucinous subtype tended to have present with moderate anaemia, history of low vegetable diet and larger tumor size, proximal colon involvement, infiltrative morphology and higher stage II compared to non-mucinous histologic subtype. Mucinous histologic subtype was associated with some adverse pathologic features in patients with colorectal cancer.
Topics: Humans; Rectum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodic Acid; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma; Colorectal Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 37002761
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Epidemiology Aug 2022Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are categorized as neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Until now, cancer registry reporting of pancreatic cancers...
Incidence and relative survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Germany, 2009-2018. An in-depth analysis of two population-based cancer registries.
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are categorized as neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Until now, cancer registry reporting of pancreatic cancers does not include a stratification by these two subgroups. We studied the incidence and survival of pancreatic cancer with a special focus on pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the population-based cancer registries of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and Saarland (SL), Germany, of the years 2009-2018. We included primary malignant pancreatic tumors and report morphology-specific age-standardized (World Standard population) incidence rates for ages 0-79 years and age-standardized relative survival (period approach, ICSS standard). All analyses were restricted to non-death certificate only cases.
RESULTS
We analyzed 23,037 patients with a newly diagnosed primary pancreatic cancer. Among morphologically specified cancers, adenocarcinoma (92 %) and neuroendocrine neoplasms (7 %) were the most common morphologies. The age-standardized incidence rates of adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas were 4.0-5.5 (in NRW and SL), 0.1-0.3, and 0.1-0.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Neuroendocrine tumors had the highest age-standardized 5-year relative survival with 75.5 % (standard error, SE 2.3) in NRW and 90.6 % (SE 10.2) in SL followed by neuroendocrine carcinomas (NRW: 30.0 %, SE 3.1; SL: 32.3 %, SE 8.7) and adenocarcinomas (NRW: 11.3 %, SE 0.4; SL: 10.2 %, SE 1.5).
DISCUSSION
The distinction between neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas by the WHO divides neuroendocrine neoplasms into two prognostically clearly distinct subgroups that should be separately analyzed in terms of survival. The first year after diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is the most critical year in terms of survival.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Child; Child, Preschool; Germany; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Registries; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 35777306
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102204 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology May 2022The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix can be challenging due to the varied histologic types different etiologies and their associated biologic behaviors... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix can be challenging due to the varied histologic types different etiologies and their associated biologic behaviors and corresponding clinical management implications. To address these issues a new classification system has been developed and is introduced in the most recent edition of the WHO Classification of Female Genital Tumors. This system is based on morphology and the relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV). All the tumors are now classified into HPV-associated (HPVA) and HPV-independent (HPVI). In addition there are diagnostic pathology related advancements which are able to predict prognosis such as the incidence of lymph node metastasis and the tumor recurrence. These advances include cancer invasive patterns tumor nuclear grade and the status of necrotic tumor debris. This review will discuss endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAC) including their precursors in association with HPV. Instead of discussing each histologic type of ECA individually we group all EACs into four categories based on their dominant growth patterns including glandular papillary mucin producing and solid microscopic appearances. Differential diagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls are addressed in each category. The glandular growth pattern is the most common. In this category location is important to be considered for the differential. The mucin-producing group is comprised by HPVA and HPVI tumors and the differential diagnosis should include metastatic mucinous carcinomas. Serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix no longer exists; however the terminology serous-like adenocarcinoma has been designated to tumors with the serous morphology that are HPV positive. We include this tumor in the papillary architecture category. A solid growth pattern can be found in multiple histologic types of EAC and most of them behave aggressively. Histopathologic parameters with prognostic relevance are also briefly discussed.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Mucins; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 34953647
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.12.002 -
Advances in Anatomic Pathology Sep 2020Modern classification schemes divide cervical adenocarcinomas into human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent types. The precursor lesions of the former... (Review)
Review
Modern classification schemes divide cervical adenocarcinomas into human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent types. The precursor lesions of the former are well known and comprise HPV-associated (usual/endocervical) adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and the much less common stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE). The precursor lesions of HPV-independent cervical adenocarcinomas are much less well known, although postulated precursors of gastric-type adenocarcinoma include atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia and gastric-type AIS. In this review, we cover HPV-associated and HPV-independent precursor lesions of cervical adenocarcinomas concentrating on diagnostic criteria (morphology and immunophenotype) and differential diagnosis. We propose a uniform terminology and diagnostic criteria for precursor lesions showing intestinal differentiation with goblet cells because this may be a feature of both HPV-associated and HPV-independent AIS.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 32482967
DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000266 -
Clinical Advances in Hematology &... Jun 2023Gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas are aggressive malignancies despite current standard-of-care treatments. For patients whose tumors express human epidermal... (Review)
Review
Gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas are aggressive malignancies despite current standard-of-care treatments. For patients whose tumors express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), HER2-targeted treatments have been shown to improve outcomes. This review summarizes key trials that have guided contemporary use of these agents in both the localized and advanced settings. It also discusses limitations to current approaches in testing HER2 status and methods to better identify good candidates for these treatments. Finally, the review highlights notable ongoing studies investigating novel combinations and HER2-directed agents.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Receptor, ErbB-2; Stomach Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Trastuzumab
PubMed: 37530637
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales de Biologie Clinique Jun 2022Although the significance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in colorectal cancer is well-established, it remains contentious in extra-colorectal cancers...
Although the significance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in colorectal cancer is well-established, it remains contentious in extra-colorectal cancers and mainly in gastric adenocarcinoma. Data from Africa and Arab world remain limited. This study explored the MMR expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and evaluated its clinicopathological and prognostic signification among Tunisian patients. A retrospective study of 72 gastric adenocarcinomas was carried out. Clinicopathological particularities and patient outcomes were recorded. MMR expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on whole sections of archived material. Survival analysis was realized utilizing the Kaplan-Meier estimates and Log-Rank test. Expression of MMR proteins was observed in 84.7% of gastric adenocarcinoma samples. The 11 remaining samples (15.3%) exhibited an altered pattern of MMR protein. A significant association was identified between deficient MMR expression and advanced age (p = 0.03), intestinal type (p = 0.04) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.04). No other significant relationship was observed with the remaining selected tumor features. Patient survival was significantly associated with lymph node invasion (p = 0.002), distant metastases (p = 0.02) and tumor differentiation (p = 0.03), but not with MMR status (p = 0.83). MMR deficiency was related to advanced-age, intestinal type and nodal metastasis, but not to survival of Tunisian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Larger multicenter studies with additional molecular investigation are required to more explore these tumors.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; DNA; DNA Mismatch Repair; Humans; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 35796474
DOI: 10.1684/abc.2022.1733 -
Advances in Oto-rhino-laryngology 2020This review of sinonasal adenocarcinoma, both intestinal and non-intestinal type, aims at providing a comprehensive overview of etiological factors, diagnostic workup,... (Review)
Review
This review of sinonasal adenocarcinoma, both intestinal and non-intestinal type, aims at providing a comprehensive overview of etiological factors, diagnostic workup, histological subtypes, advances in molecular characterization and the genetic basis, current optimal treatment strategies, resulting oncological outcome, and prognostic factors modifying the final treatment results. The current treatment of choice remains surgical resection with a curative intent, using the least invasive approach that allows for removal of the entire tumor with negative margins, supplemented with postoperative high-quality intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the majority of patients. To date, chemotherapy remains reserved for the palliative setting. The progress in understanding the underlying molecular biological mechanisms has not yet translated into standard of care applications.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 32731230
DOI: 10.1159/000457934