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Reviews in Medical Virology Jul 2021Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are associated with respiratory infection in the human population worldwide, but HAdV is underreported and less studied than other respiratory... (Review)
Review
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are associated with respiratory infection in the human population worldwide, but HAdV is underreported and less studied than other respiratory viruses. We investigated HAdV in patients with respiratory infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, between 2004 and 2018. The frequency and seasonality of HAdV, clinical symptoms and underlying diseases were analysed. Respiratory samples from outpatients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) who attended sentinel units and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were collected for HAdV detection by immunofluorescence assay; demographic and clinical data were analysed. In total, 43,514 cases of respiratory infection were analysed, of which 8,901 were ARI (20.5%), and 34,613 (79.5%) were SARI. Respiratory viruses were detected in 35.8% of the cases. The frequency of HAdV in relation to respiratory viruses was 2.8%. HAdV circulated year-round, with higher frequency during winter and early spring; increases in the average monthly temperature were associated with decreases in HAdV infections (p = 0.013). Most hospitalized patients with HAdV were male (p = 0.003). HAdV infection showed association with age (p < 0.001), and children between 1 and 5 years old accounted for 30.8% of the outpatients, whereas among cases of SARI, 88.2% were paediatric patients. Among inpatients with HAdV, 3% died, and of these, the majority had at least one underlying condition, such as cardiopathy and immunosuppression. HAdV infection of the respiratory tract causes morbidity and mortality, and individuals with heart diseases and the immunocompromised are at higher risk of fatality.
Topics: Adenovirus Infections, Human; Adenoviruses, Human; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Heart Diseases; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Seasons
PubMed: 33156553
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2189 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Jul 2023Human adenoviruses are the most common pathogens to be isolated from cases of pediatric intussusception. However, the specific clinical characteristics of pediatric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human adenoviruses are the most common pathogens to be isolated from cases of pediatric intussusception. However, the specific clinical characteristics of pediatric intussusception associated with adenovirus infection are poorly known.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) with intussusception treated between January 2014 and December 2020. We enrolled patients with febrile episodes, 27 with and 29 without adenovirus infections (the latter serving as control group). The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and the diagnoses and management strategies were evaluated.
RESULTS
The adenovirus group exhibited a significantly longer febrile duration (4.3 ± 1.9 vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 days, p = 0.020) than the control group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.098 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.223-21.254, p = 0.025). The recurrence rates were 48.1% and 13.8% in the two groups (OR 5.804; 95% CI: 1.585-21.245, p = 0.008). Most adenoviruses were non-enteric (85.2%).
CONCLUSION
Adenovirus-related intussusception is associated with a longer febrile period and a higher rate of intussusception recurrence. It is recommended that patients suspected of adenovirus-related intussusception should be observed for longer than others prior to discharge.
Topics: Humans; Child; Infant; Intussusception; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Human; Risk Factors; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36641360
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.03.024 -
Journal of Medical Virology Dec 2023To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic variations of human adenovirus (HAdV) in acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing....
To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic variations of human adenovirus (HAdV) in acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed for 83 strains of HAdV with different types in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. The clinical characteristics of HAdV infection were analyzed statistically. HAdV-B was divided into four genotypes, including B3 (n = 11), B7 (n = 13), B14 (n = 4), and B55 (n = 2). HAdV-C was divided into three genotypes, including C1 (n = 14), C2 (n = 13), and C5 (n = 10). In HAdV-C, nine recombinant adenovirus strains were identified in type 1, and seven recombinant strains were found in type 2. In type 1, we found three newly emerged intraspecific recombinant strains (A47, A48, and A52) collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. In addition, the previously reported recombinant strains of HAdV-C1 showed more severe disease than other strains of HAdV-C, causing severe community-acquired pneumonia in both the elderly and children. Continuous population-wide molecular epidemiological surveillance of HAdV is essential for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.
Topics: Child; Humans; Aged; Beijing; Adenoviridae; Phylogeny; China; Adenoviridae Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Adenoviruses, Human; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 38087446
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29284 -
Adenovirus F41 infection and liver cytolysis in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.Journal of Medical Virology Jul 2023Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) of the F species are commonly responsible for acute gastroenteritis. A few cases of systemic infections have been described in adults or...
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) of the F species are commonly responsible for acute gastroenteritis. A few cases of systemic infections have been described in adults or children who have received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but with no report of liver cytolysis. Since January 2022, several countries have reported an increase in cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children. Adenovirus species F type 41 (HAdV-F41) infection was predominantly identified. The objective of this study is to describe HAdV-F41 infections diagnosed since January 2022 in adult HSCT recipients in two French hospitals. All four patients had diarrhea and liver cytolysis at the time of diagnosis of infection. HAdV viremia was observed in three patients (#1, #3, and #4), but no disseminated disease was reported. HAdV whole genome sequencing and metagenomics characterization were performed on stool and blood samples. The complete HAdV-F41 genome sequence was obtained for three patients and phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains consisted of similar lineage (2b). We did not identify any new HAdV-F41 strains. Metagenomics analysis found adeno-associated virus 2 and torque-teno virus infection in patient #1 and Epstein-Barr virus in patient #4. This is the first case series reporting liver cytolysis during HAdV-F41 infection in adult HSCT patients.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Phylogeny; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Adenoviruses, Human; Adenoviridae Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Liver
PubMed: 37386906
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28922 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Dec 2020Intussusception is the leading cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants. Intussusception is mostly idiopathic, but infectious pathogens are sometimes implicated.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Intussusception is the leading cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants. Intussusception is mostly idiopathic, but infectious pathogens are sometimes implicated. In addition, live oral rotavirus vaccines have been associated with intussusception.
METHODS
We searched the literature published between January 1, 1990, and March 16, 2020, to describe the association between intussusception among infants and young children and various pathogens, particularly adenovirus and wild rotavirus. We tallied the number of evaluations reporting a statistically significant positive association, no association and a protective association by pathogen, using any statistical method. We also calculated the median reported odds ratios (OR) of intussusception with adenovirus and rotavirus.
RESULTS
We identified 3793 records on intussusception from the literature; 17 evaluations from 15 countries that evaluated 52 pathogens were included in the analysis. All 14 evaluations of adenovirus reported a statistically significant positive association with intussusception; the median OR from 9 evaluations was 3.7 (interquartile range, 3.3, 8.2). Nine of 12 evaluations assessing rotavirus found no statistically significant association, 1 found a positive association and 2 reported a protective effect; the median OR from 12 evaluations was 0.9 (interquartile range, 0.2, 1.8). No consistent relationship was observed between any other pathogens and intussusception.
CONCLUSIONS
We documented a consistent association of intussusception with adenovirus, but no relationship between wild-type rotavirus and intussusception. Future research should focus on better understanding the mechanisms of intussusception with infectious pathogens, including following a rotavirus vaccination.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Intussusception; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections
PubMed: 33060518
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002860 -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Mar 2020The relationship between adenovirus infection and Kawasaki disease (KD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adenovirus...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between adenovirus infection and Kawasaki disease (KD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adenovirus infection and KD using a cohort study in Taiwan.
METHODS
We used Taiwan National Health Insurance data (from 2000 to 2008) to conduct a population-based cohort study, analyzing children that was under 18 years of age. In total, 5280 children had adenovirus infection, and 5280 children without adenovirus infection were matched and followed up. Subsequent KD was the major outcome event. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing KD associated with adenovirus infection.
RESULTS
There was a significantly higher cumulative incidence of KD in the adenovirus-infected cohort than that in the control cohort (log-rank test, p < 0.001). In the adenovirus-infected cohort, overall incidence of KD was 5.29 times higher than that of the control cohort (adjusted HR 5.29, 95% CI: 2.48-11.3). Increased KD risk was associated with previous adenovirus infection in children aged 3-5 years, in female patients, in those with a low urbanization level, and in those with allergies.
CONCLUSION
An association between previous adenovirus infection and KD was identified in Taiwanese children, but other potential risk factors were not fully analyzed. The relationship between infection and KD requires further study.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31990817
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000266 -
FEBS Letters Dec 2019Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect representatives of numerous species from almost every major vertebrate class, albeit their incidence shows great variability. AdVs infecting... (Review)
Review
Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect representatives of numerous species from almost every major vertebrate class, albeit their incidence shows great variability. AdVs infecting birds, reptiles, and bats are the most common and diverse, whereas only one AdV has been so far isolated both from fish and amphibians. The family Adenoviridae is divided into five genera, each corresponding to an independent evolutionary lineage that supposedly coevolved with its respective vertebrate hosts. Members of genera Mastadenovirus and Aviadenovirus seem to infect exclusively mammals and birds, respectively. The genus Ichtadenovirus includes the single known AdV from fish. The majority of AdVs in the genus Atadenovirus originated from squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), but also certain mammalian and avian AdVs are classified within this genus. The genus Siadenovirus contains the only AdV isolated from frog, along with numerous avian AdVs. In turtles, members of a sixth AdV lineage have been discovered, pending official recognition as an independent genus. The most likely scenario for AdV evolution includes long-term cospeciation with the hosts, as well as occasional switches between closely or, rarely, more distantly related hosts.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Evolution, Molecular; Host Specificity; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31747467
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13687 -
Poultry Science Dec 2020The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza-like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is...
The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza-like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is reported. The primary signs of the infection were acute respiratory signs, a drop in egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome-like gross lesions. Laboratory examination confirmed the presence of A. paragallinarum by bacterial isolation and a species-specific PCR test. In addition, conventional serotyping identified the isolates as Page serovar A. Fowl adenovirus was isolated from chicken liver specimen and identified by hexon gene amplification. In addition, histopathologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination further confirmed the presence of the virus. Both hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis defined the viral isolate as FAdV-4. The pathogenic role of A. paragallinarum and FAdV was evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The challenge trial showed that combined A. paragallinarum and FAdV infection resulted in more severe clinical signs than that by FAdV infection alone. The concurrent infection caused 50% mortality compared with 40% mortality by FAdV infection alone and zero mortality by A. paragallinarum infection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. paragallinarum coinfection with FAdV. The case implies that concurrent infections with these 2 agents do occur and more attention should be given to the potential of multiple agents during disease diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Chickens; China; Coinfection; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus paragallinarum; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33248567
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.033 -
Vestnik Oftalmologii 2022To improve the treatment of adenoviral lesions of the eye based on express diagnostics by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and the use of modern drugs.
PURPOSE
To improve the treatment of adenoviral lesions of the eye based on express diagnostics by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and the use of modern drugs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 184 patients (333 eyes) with various manifestations of adenoviral lesions of the ocular surface, who were divided into two groups: group 1 (149 patients, 196 eyes) - acute form, and group 2 (76 patients, 137 eyes) - long lasting form. Effectiveness of the proposed treatment was evaluated against separate group 3 (controls) consisting of 28 people (46 eyes) with completed acute adenovirus infection, who had previously received antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy in other clinics. Conjunctival scrapings of study patients were examined with FAT in our proposed modification. Study patients received local therapy with modern drugs (Okomistin, Aktipol).
RESULTS
FAT detected the adenovirus antigen in 169 cases in group 1 (86%) and in 99 cases in group 2 (72%). Treatment duration amounted to 12±6 days in group 1, 18±8 days in group 2, and 29±7 days in controls. In both study groups, the duration of treatment was significantly reduced in comparison with the controls (<0.01). Stable clinical effect and complete restoration of visual acuity have been achieved in most cases. There were no allergic and side effects from the therapy.
CONCLUSION
Fluorescent antibody technique is a fast and effective way to diagnose adenovirus infection in ophthalmology. In terms of therapy, the use of an antiseptic, an antiviral drug and diluted corticosteroids is the most rational approach.
Topics: Humans; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Keratoconjunctivitis; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviridae; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antiviral Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36287156
DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138052203 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Apr 2022The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are...
BACKGROUND
The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.
METHODS
A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013. Nasal and throat respiratory specimens were obtained from enrolled children and tested for viruses using a real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AdV-positive specimens were typed by partial hexon gene sequencing. Demographic and clinical features were compared between AdV detected as single pathogen versus co-detected with other respiratory viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C species.
RESULTS
AdV was detected in 475/3168 (15%) children hospitalized with ARI; of these, 216 (45%) specimens were successfully typed with AdV-C as the most common species detected (140/216; 65%). Children with AdV-single detection (88/475; 19%) had a higher frequency of fever (71% vs. 56%; P=0.015), diarrhea (18% vs. 11%; p=0.048), and/or seizures/abnormal movements (14% vs. 5%; p=0.003). Children with AdV co-detected with other viruses more likely required oxygen support [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.91 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.39), P = 0.027] than those with AdV-single detection. Children with AdV-C had higher odds of co-detections with other viruses compared with those with AdV-B [aOR 4.00 (95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), P < 0.001].
CONCLUSION
Clinical differences were identified between AdV-single and AdV co-detected with other viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C. Larger studies with AdV typing are needed to determine additional epidemiological and clinical differences between specific AdV species and types.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Humans; Infant; Jordan; Pharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viruses
PubMed: 35315822
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003423