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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus, which is the causative agent of fox encephalitis. The protein is one of the structural proteins in...
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus, which is the causative agent of fox encephalitis. The protein is one of the structural proteins in CAdV-1, which mediates virion binding to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor on host cells. The suspected virus was cultured in the MDCK cells, and it was determined through the cytopathic effects, sequencing and electron microscopy. The informatics analysis of the was done using online bioinformatics servers. The CAdV-1-JL2021 strain was isolated successfully, and were most similar to the CAdV-1 strain circulating in Italy. The occurrence of negative selection and recombination were found in the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1. Host cell membrane was its subcellular localization. The CAdV-1-JL2021 (ON164651) had 6 glycosylation sites and 107 phosphorylation sites, exerted adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell, which was the same as CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 Fiber. The tertiary structure of the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 was different, but they had the same coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. "VATTSPTLTFAYPLIKNNNH" were predicted to be the potential CAdV-1 B cell linear epitope. The MHC-I binding peptide "KLGVKPTTY" were both presented in the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 Fiber and it is useful to design the canine adenovirus vaccine.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Canine; Animals; Computational Biology; Dogs; Italy
PubMed: 35770071
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879360 -
Pathogenicity of duck circovirus and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 co-infection in Cherry Valley ducks.Veterinary Microbiology Apr 2023Duck circovirus (DuCV) is one of the most prevalent infectious viruses in the duck industry in China. Although the clinical symptoms vary, it often causes...
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is one of the most prevalent infectious viruses in the duck industry in China. Although the clinical symptoms vary, it often causes immunosuppression in the host and leads to secondary infection with other pathogens. Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) mainly infects chickens and causes hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome. However, the incidence of infection in ducks has increased in recent years, and the phenomenon of mixed infection with DuCV is very common, resulting in more severe clinical morbidity. However, there is no systematic study evaluating the presence of mixed infection. To explore the synergistic pathogenicity of DuCV and FAdV-4 co-infection in Cherry Valley ducks, a comparative experiment was established between DuCV and FAdV-4 co-infection and single infection animal models. It was found that DuCV and FAdV-4 co-infected ducks showed more pronounced clinical signs of pericardial effusion, hepatitis and immunosuppression; more severe tissue damage in target organs; and more significant levels of viral load, biochemical indicators and immune indicators in various organs compared with Cherry Valley ducks infected with just one virus. The results showed that co-infection with DuCV and FAdV-4 may promote greater viral replication, causing more severe tissue damage and immunosuppression than infection with just one virus. Therefore, the monitoring and prevention of the two viruses should be strengthened clinically, with a particular focus on the potential harm of DuCV as it carries the highest infection rate.
Topics: Animals; Coinfection; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Virulence; Serogroup; Adenoviridae; Circovirus; Hepatitis; Adenoviridae Infections
PubMed: 36736169
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109662 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Dec 2021Adenovirus can cause severe diseases in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Because these patients also have many other factors contributing to...
BACKGROUND
Adenovirus can cause severe diseases in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Because these patients also have many other factors contributing to mortality, it remains controversial whether adenovirus infection itself contributes to increased mortality in these patients.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if adenovirus infection contributes to mortality in pediatric post-HSCT patients.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was performed in post HSCT patients, aged 0-18 years old, admitted at Ramathibodi Hospital from 2016 to 2020. Adenovirus infection was defined as the detection of adenovirus in blood or urine by polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate cox regression was used to identify factors associated with death.
RESULTS
The incidence of overall adenovirus infection (viremia or viruria) in this cohort was 20.8% (26 out of 125 enrolled patients). From the multivariate cox regression analysis, overall adenovirus infection was not significantly associated with death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-6.06; p = .060). However, presence of viremia (HR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.40-10.86; p = .009), having maximal serum viral load > 10 000 copies/ml (HR: 3.70; 95% CI: 1.20-11.38; p = .023), presence of end-organ diseases (HR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.18-10.01; p = .023) were associated with mortality. Underlying diseases requiring long-term immunosuppressive drugs before HSCT, invasive fungal disease, invasive bacterial infection, cytomegalovirus infection, and longer engraftment time were also associated with mortality.
CONCLUSION
Overall adenovirus infection does not appear to play a significant role in mortality in pediatric post-HSCT patients. However, more invasive forms of adenovirus infection were associated with mortality in these patients.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Transplantation Conditioning; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 34614296
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13742 -
FEBS Letters Jun 2020Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and subsequent escape, adenovirus particles are transported along microtubules. The microtubule motor proteins... (Review)
Review
Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and subsequent escape, adenovirus particles are transported along microtubules. The microtubule motor proteins dynein and one or more kinesins are involved in this behavior. Dynein is implicated in adenovirus transport toward the nucleus. The kinesin Kif5B has now been found to move the adenovirus (AdV) toward microtubule plus ends, though a kinesin role in adenovirus-induced nuclear pore disruption has also been reported. In undifferentiated cells, dynein-mediated transport predominates early in infection, but motility becomes bidirectional with time. The latter behavior can be modeled as a novel assisted diffusion mechanism, which may allow virus particles to explore the cytoplasm more efficiently. Cytoplasmic dynein and Kif5B have both been found to bind AdV through direct interactions with the capsid proteins hexon and penton base, respectively. We review here the roles of the microtubule motor proteins in AdV infection, the relationship between motor protein recruitment to pathogenic vs. physiological cargoes, the evolutionary origins of microtubule-mediated AdV transport, and a role for the motor proteins in a novel host-defense mechanism.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Biological Transport; Capsid Proteins; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cytoplasmic Dyneins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Kinesins; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 32215924
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13777 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Sep 2023A recent increase in reports of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children is under investigation. Although adenovirus has been frequently detected, its role...
A recent increase in reports of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children is under investigation. Although adenovirus has been frequently detected, its role remains unclear, and systematic histopathologic analysis is lacking. We conducted a retrospective study of 11 children hospitalized between October 2021 and May 2022 with unexplained acute hepatitis and concurrent adenovirus infection. Liver biopsies collected shortly after admission demonstrated moderately to severely active hepatitis in 8/11 (73%) cases, characterized by marked portal mixed inflammation, moderate-to-severe interface activity, and milder lobular inflammation. Clusters of plasma cells were present in 6/11 (55%) cases, mimicking autoimmune hepatitis. Semiquantitative scoring of 17 discrete histologic features found that greater degrees of portal inflammation, interface activity, bile duct injury, bile ductular reaction, lobular inflammation, Kupffer cell activation, and hepatocyte focal necrosis were significantly more common in these cases in comparison to the control group of unexplained acute severe hepatitis without adenovirus infection. Liver biopsy immunohistochemistry was negative for adenovirus in all cases. Polymerase chain reaction testing of liver tissue was positive for the enteric adenovirus serotypes 41 (species F) in 10/11 (91%) cases. An immunoprofile study of hepatic infiltrating lymphocytes in 1 patient revealed the presence of large numbers of CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes. Nine patients received supportive treatment without steroids and recovered without the need for liver transplantation. In summary, liver injury in children with severe acute hepatitis and adenovirus infection is characterized by a hepatitic pattern that resembles severe autoimmune hepatitis and may represent an immune-mediated process associated with viral infection.
Topics: Humans; Child; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Retrospective Studies; Liver; Inflammation; Adenoviridae Infections; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37357941
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002084 -
Poultry Science Nov 2020Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant...
Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant increase in clinical outbreaks compatible with IBH has been described since 2014. Unfortunately, with limited exceptions, only serological assays were performed, and involved strains were not properly characterized. In the present study, 35 outbreaks were investigated in the period between July 2017 and February 2018 in Greece. In addition to clinical and histopathological diagnosis, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) presence was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Thirty-four out of 35 samples tested FAdV positive. Twenty-nine (85.29%) and 5 (14.71%) strains were classified as FAdV-E and FAdV-D, respectively. Fowl adenovirus-E strains were genetically homogeneous and formed an independent cluster of Greek-only sequences, including the sole previously available sequence, suggesting the prolonged circulation of this species in Greece. On the contrary, FAdV-D strains were more heterogeneous and closely related to strains sampled in other European countries, testifying the occurrence of multiple introduction events. The evaluation of phylogenetic relationships, geographic clustering, age of infection, and origin of the broiler breeder flocks suggests that both vertical and horizontal transmission are important in FAdV epidemiology in Greece and highlights the limited efficacy of currently implemented control measures. Of note, a significantly higher mortality was observed in precociously infected flocks, likely because of the higher susceptibility of younger animals. This evidence stresses the need of preventing vertical and/or early infection to limit the economic impact of adenovirus-induced diseases.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Aviadenovirus; Chickens; Europe; Greece; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33142516
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.019 -
Journal of Medical Virology Oct 2022Acute gastroenteritis is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Studies stated that rotavirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) are common causes of...
Acute gastroenteritis is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Studies stated that rotavirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) are common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the distribution of rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfections among hospitalized children with gastroenteritis below 7 years old and determine the prevalence of enteric HAdV among all HAdV gastroenteritis. The study was conducted on 150 children below 7 years old. Antigen detection for rotavirus and HAdV by ELISA and determination of enteric HAdV (serotype 40 and 41) by nested PCR and restriction endonucleases study were performed. Detection of rotavirus and HAdV antigens in 150 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis were 58% (87), 6.7% (10), and 8% (12) positive for rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfection, respectively. Out of 22 HAdV antigen-positive cases, 15 cases were positive by PCR for enteric HAdV, with the prevalence rate of enteric HAdV gastroenteritis among all HAdV gastroenteritis cases of 68%, a serotyping study by PCR detected serotype 40 in 46.7% of cases (7/15) and serotype 41 in 53.3% of cases (8/15) with no statistically significant difference between them. The study confirmed that rotavirus and HAdV are prevalent etiological agents of diarrhea in children below the school-age group, highlighting the necessity of the rotavirus vaccine in addition to the obligatory schedule of vaccines in Egypt. Also, it determined that the enteric HAdV gastroenteritis prevalence rate was 68% among all HAdV gastroenteritis.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Adenoviruses, Human; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Coinfection; Egypt; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections
PubMed: 35705322
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27935 -
Viruses Aug 2023Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals...
Astroviruses (AstV) and adenoviruses (AdV) are associated with diarrhoea in young animals. However, the epidemiology and genetic diversity of AstVs and AdVs in animals is not well studied. Hence, the present study was conducted to detect and characterize AstVs and AdVs in calves, piglets and puppies from Western Maharashtra, India. Out of the processed porcine (48), canine (80), and bovine (65) faecal samples, the porcine AstV (PAstV), bovine AstV (BAstV), canine AstV (CAstV), and porcine AdV (PAdV) were detected in 12.5%, 7.69%, 3.75% and 4.1% of samples, respectively. In the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region-based phylogenetic analysis, the detected BAstV strains grouped with MAstV-28, MAstV-33, and MAstV-35, CAstV strains belonged to MAstV-5; PAstV strains belonged to MAstV-24, MAstV-26, and MAstV-31. However, in hexon gene-based phylogeny, both the detected PAdV were of genotype 3, exhibiting 91.9-92.5% nucleotide identity with Ivoirian and Chinese strains. The study reports first-time BAstVs from calves and PAdV-3 from piglets in India. The study revealed diversity in the circulation of AstVs in tested animals and AdVs in pigs, and suggested that they alone might be associated with other diarrhoea or in combination with other enteric pathogens, thus highlighting the necessity of extensive epidemiological investigations to develop diagnostic tools and control measures.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Swine; Adenoviridae; Phylogeny; India; Adenoviridae Infections; Astroviridae; Canidae; Diarrhea
PubMed: 37632021
DOI: 10.3390/v15081679 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The severities of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection are diverse in different areas of Tibet, China, where a large altitude span emerges. Serious consequences may be...
BACKGROUND
The severities of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection are diverse in different areas of Tibet, China, where a large altitude span emerges. Serious consequences may be caused by medical staff if the clinical stages and immunological conditions of patients in high-altitude areas are misjudged. However, the clinical symptoms, immunological characteristics, and environmental factors of HAdV infection patients at different altitude areas have not been well described.
METHODS
In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we analyzed the data of patients who were confirmed HAdV infection by PCR tests in the General Hospital of Tibet Military Command or CDC (the Center for Disease Control and Prevention) of Tibet Military Command from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and epidemiological data were collected from medical records system and compared among different altitude areas. The inflammatory cytokines as well as the subsets of monocytes and regulatory T cells of patients were also obtained and analyzed in this study.
RESULTS
Six hundred eighty-six patients had been identified by laboratory-confirmed HAdV infection, including the low-altitude group ( = 62), medium-altitude group ( = 206), high-altitude group ( = 230), and ultra-high-altitude group ( = 188). Referring to the environmental factors regression analysis, altitude and relative humidity were tightly associated with the number of infected patients ( < 0.01). A higher incidence rate of general pneumonia (45.7%) or severe pneumonia (8.0%) occurred in the ultra-high-altitude group ( < 0.05). The incubation period, serial interval, course of the disease, and PCR-positive duration were prolonged to various extents compared with the low-altitude group ( < 0.05). Different from those in low-altitude areas, the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, TNF-β, and VEGF in the plasma of the ultra-high-altitude group were increased ( < 0.05), while the proportion of non-classical monocytes and regulatory T cells was decreased ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this research indicated that patients with HAdV infection in high-altitude areas had severe clinical symptoms and a prolonged course of disease. During clinical works, much more attention should be paid to observe the changes in their immunological conditions. Quarantine of patients in high-altitude areas should be appropriately extended to block virus shedding.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Human; Altitude; China; Cohort Studies; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Tibet
PubMed: 34722335
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739429 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2022Adenovirus infection can occur in all regions or countries of the world, with no obvious seasonality, but pandemics mostly occur in winter or early spring. Adenovirus...
Adenovirus infection can occur in all regions or countries of the world, with no obvious seasonality, but pandemics mostly occur in winter or early spring. Adenovirus infection is self-limited among immunocompetent host with supportive care, however fatal infection can occur among immunocompromised patients, mainly affecting respiratory, gastrointestinal tract and adjunctiva and very rarely causing hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, myocarditis, meningitis or encephalitis. Adenovirus hepatitis mainly occur in malignant tumors or organ transplantation patients, but acute severe hepatitis can occur even in immunocompetent children or adults. On 5 April 2022, WHO was notified of 10 cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children. As of 21 April 2022, at least 169 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin have been reported from 12 countries (including 11 WHO European Region countries and the United States). Adenovirus has been detected in at least 74 cases; SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 20 cases of those that were tested. Furthermore, 19 were detected with a SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus co-infection. At present, the etiology has not been fully elucidated. The leading hypotheses center around adenovirus, and the relationship with SARS-CoV-2 needs to be further ruled out.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Adult; COVID-19; Child; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35764537
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220429