-
PloS One 2023Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the causal relationship between these adipokines...
Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the causal relationship between these adipokines and the risk for RA is unclear. We performed a range of two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to assess the causal effect of circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin on RA risk in European and East Asian individuals. Different sets of adiponectin-, leptin-, and resistin-related genetic variants were used as instruments for genetically determined adipokine levels. As body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for RA and affects adipokine levels, multivariable MR was used to calculate the causal effect of each adipokine on RA risk taking BMI into account. Several MR analyses revealed no evidence of a causal relationship between circulating adiponectin, leptin, or resistin levels and RA risk in either Europeans or East Asians. Similarly, multivariable MR did not provide evidence of any causal effect of adiponectin, leptin, or resistin on RA risk when taking BMI into account. This MR study shows for the first time that genetically determined levels of adiponectin, leptin, or resistin do not have a direct causal effect on the risk of developing RA after adjustment for BMI.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Resistin; Adiponectin; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37294817
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286981 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of... (Review)
Review
The connection between body weight alterations and Alzheimer's disease highlights the intricate relationship between the brain and adipose tissue in the context of neurological disorders. During midlife, weight gain increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, whereas in late life, weight gain becomes a protective factor. Despite their substantial impact on metabolism, the role of adipokines in the transition from healthy aging to neurological disorders remains largely unexplored. We aim to investigate how the adipose tissue milieu and the secreted adipokines are involved in the transition between biological and pathological aging, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between the brain and systemic metabolism. Understanding the function of these adipokines will allow us to identify biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and uncover novel therapeutic options.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Brain; Animals; Biomarkers; Aging
PubMed: 38892118
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115932 -
Chinese Medical Journal Aug 2023Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases...
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases with aging, especially the visceral fat content. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines, which act on local and distant tissues. Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle, such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) and sensitizing cells to insulin, thereby repressing atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 [MuRF1]) to prevent the loss of muscle mass. Here, we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, mucin and lipocalin-2, and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Adiponectin; Sarcopenia; Muscles
PubMed: 37442757
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002255 -
Advances in Clinical Chemistry 2024Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes... (Review)
Review
Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, endocrinology, or metabolic changes, which taken together finally conduct the birth of healthy offspring. Currently, many factors are known that affect the regulation and proper maintenance of pregnancy in humans, domestic animals, or rodents. Among the determinants of reproductive success should be distinguished: the maternal microenvironment, genes, and proteins as well as numerous pregnancy hormones that regulate the most important processes and ensure organism homeostasis. It is well known that white adipose tissue, as the largest endocrine gland in our body, participates in the synthesis and secretion of numerous hormones belonging to the adipokine family, which also may regulate the course of pregnancy. Unfortunately, overweight and obesity lead to the expansion of adipose tissue in the body, and its excess in both women and animals contributes to changes in the synthesis and release of adipokines, which in turn translates into dramatic changes during pregnancy, including those taking place in the organ that is crucial for the proper progress of pregnancy, i.e. the placenta. In this chapter, we are summarizing the current knowledge about levels of adipokines and their role in the placenta, taking into account the physiological and pathological conditions of pregnancy, e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction in humans, domestic animals, and rodents.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Adipokines; Female; Animals; Placenta; Diabetes, Gestational
PubMed: 38797542
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... May 2021Adipose tissue (AT), a critical endocrine gland, is capable of producing and secreting abundant adipokines. Adipokines act on distant or adjacent organ tissues via... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue (AT), a critical endocrine gland, is capable of producing and secreting abundant adipokines. Adipokines act on distant or adjacent organ tissues via paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine mechanism, which play attractive roles in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that adipokines can connect obesity with cardiovascular diseases by serving as promoters or inhibitors in vascular calcification. The chronic hypoxia in AT, caused by the adipocyte hypertrophy, is able to trigger imbalanced adipokine generation, which leads to apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular inflammation, and abnormal deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the vessel wall. The objectives of this review aim at providing a brief summary of the crucial influence of major adipokines on the formation and development of vascular calcification, which may contribute to better understanding these adipokines for establishing the appropriate therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity-associated vascular calcification.
Topics: Adipokines; Adipose Tissue; Humans; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 33476587
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.009 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Leptin; Obesity; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38107522
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1340171 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology... 2023Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, has many uncertain factors. Epicardial fat, as the heart fat bank, functions as fatty tissue and is the heart's endocrine organ. The existence of diabetes affects the distribution of heart fat and promotes the secretion of adipokine. In different pathological conditions, it can promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokine, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and even autophagy, thus affecting cardiac function. In this paper, we will elaborate on the mechanism of epicardial fat in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Adipose Tissue; Pericardium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adipokines; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36752345
DOI: 10.1177/10742484231151820 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jun 2021Obesity is associated with a series of health problems. Adipocytes are a huge repository of energy as well as an important source of many adipokines. In obesity,... (Review)
Review
Obesity is associated with a series of health problems. Adipocytes are a huge repository of energy as well as an important source of many adipokines. In obesity, adipocytes are dysfunctional with excessive production and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), leptin, and chemerin. Recent studies have revealed that chemerin plays an important role in modulating physiologic as well as pathophysiologic processes. For example, chemerin stimulates maturation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes, acts as a chemoattractant and facilitates innate and acquired immunity. Furthermore, chemerin participates in the early stage of acute inflammation by reacting with the ChemR23 receptor. In various inflammatory diseases, the serum chemerin is significantly increased. Additionally, chemerin is also considered as an important biomarker for benign and malignant tumors. Thus, elucidating the pathologic mechanisms of chemerin action may facilitate the development of new therapeutic modalities to treat diverse inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of chemerin and its role as an important regulator in modulating various inflammatory diseases. Mechanisms underlying chemerin function in diverse diseases are explored to better understand its biochemistry and mechanisms of action.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipokines; Chemokines; Chemotactic Factors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
PubMed: 33631197
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.010 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Nov 2019Perivascular adipocytes residing in the vascular adventitia are recognized as distinct endocrine cells capable of responding to inflammatory stimuli and communicating... (Review)
Review
Perivascular adipocytes residing in the vascular adventitia are recognized as distinct endocrine cells capable of responding to inflammatory stimuli and communicating with the sympathetic nervous system and adjacent blood vessel cells, thereby releasing adipocytokines and other signaling mediators to maintain vascular homeostasis. Perivascular adipocytes exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity (both white and brown adipocytes) and become dysfunctional in conditions, such as diet-induced obesity, thus promoting vascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, and smooth muscle cell proliferation to potentially contribute to the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Although accumulating data have advanced our understanding of the role of perivascular adipocytes in modulating vascular function, their impact on vascular disease, particularly in humans, remains to be fully defined. This brief review will discuss the mechanisms whereby perivascular adipocytes regulate vascular disease, with a particular emphasis on recent findings and current limitations in the field of research.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipokines; Animals; Computed Tomography Angiography; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Obesity; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Vascular Diseases; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 31510794
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312304 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2020This editorial aims to summarize the 19 scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue "Adipokines 2" [...].
This editorial aims to summarize the 19 scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue "Adipokines 2" [...].
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Obesity
PubMed: 32013008
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030849