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Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Aug 2023Emotion regulation is particularly important for adolescents as they undergo normative developmental changes in affective systems and experience heightened risk for... (Review)
Review
Emotion regulation is particularly important for adolescents as they undergo normative developmental changes in affective systems and experience heightened risk for psychopathology. Despite a high need for emotion regulation during adolescence, commonly studied emotion regulation strategies like cognitive reappraisal are less beneficial for adolescents than adults because they rely on neural regions that are still developing during this period (i.e., lateral prefrontal cortex). However, adolescence is also marked by increased valuation of peer relationships and sensitivity to social information and cues. In the present review, we synthesize research examining emotion regulation and peer influence across development to suggest that sensitivity to peers during adolescence could be leveraged to improve emotion regulation for this population. We first discuss developmental trends related to emotion regulation at the level of behavior and brain in adolescents, using cognitive reappraisal as an exemplar emotion regulation strategy. Next, we discuss social influences on adolescent brain development, describing caregiver influence and increasing susceptibility to peer influence, to describe how adolescent sensitivity to social inputs represents both a window of vulnerability and opportunity. Finally, we conclude by describing the promise of social (i.e., peer-based) interventions for enhancing emotion regulation in adolescence.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Emotional Regulation; Brain; Prefrontal Cortex; Peer Group; Brain Mapping; Emotions
PubMed: 37302349
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101262 -
British Medical Bulletin Oct 2020The major risk factors driving the global burden of disease are diet related. Adolescence presents a window of opportunity for establishing healthy dietary trajectories.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The major risk factors driving the global burden of disease are diet related. Adolescence presents a window of opportunity for establishing healthy dietary trajectories. Yet around the world, adolescents experience many barriers that prevent them from consuming diets that would give them the foundation for long, healthy and productive adult lives.
SOURCES OF DATA
A narrative literature search of most relevant original, review and meta-analyses, restricted to English was conducted in Medline, Web of Science and PubMed up to December 2019 together with published papers known to the author concerning the current dietary advice and challenges for adolescent nutrition.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
Adolescence is a critical period of growth and development and adequate nutrition is essential. Sufficient population data indicate adolescents are not meeting dietary recommendations and are a vulnerable population group for malnutrition in all its forms.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Despite extensive studies on dietary risk factors and the global burden of disease and population data demonstrating inadequate nutritional intake in adolescent populations, few effective interventions and policies have been scaled up to support adolescent nutrition.
GROWING POINTS
Improving the diets of adolescents, especially vulnerable adolescents from low- and middle-income countries and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, has the potential to impact individuals, societies and economies.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Future research should focus on vulnerable adolescent populations by addressing food environments, food insecurity and ensuring effective programmes and strategies are integrated within broader adolescent health strategies and implemented into government policies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diet; Health Education; Humans; Income; Malnutrition
PubMed: 32491163
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa015 -
Issues in Mental Health Nursing Nov 2023Adolescence is one of the most crucial and challenging developmental stages to navigate. This critical stage of life marks an important time when individuals learn how...
Adolescence is one of the most crucial and challenging developmental stages to navigate. This critical stage of life marks an important time when individuals learn how to incorporate independence and autonomy with healthy decision-making. Relationships are a strong factor in mental and emotional wellness during adolescence. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantine limited opportunities for connectedness outside the home. This may have affected adolescents in unhealthy ways, negatively impacting their sense of support, belonging, and closeness with others. Understanding, evaluating, and promoting connectedness during adolescence is now more essential than ever. The purpose of this concept analysis is to add to what has previously been addressed regarding adolescent connectedness in an effort to promote healthy behaviors during this stage of development and into adulthood.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Pandemics; Emotions; Mental Health; Health Status
PubMed: 37616591
DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2141388 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy May 2022Whilst childhood trauma has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor for poly-psychopathology, compassion-focused interventions have emerged as transdiagnostic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Whilst childhood trauma has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor for poly-psychopathology, compassion-focused interventions have emerged as transdiagnostic treatment modality. However, no previous systematic review has specifically explored the relationship between complex interpersonal trauma and compassion in adolescence. The aim of this early systematic review was to evaluate the existing evidence on the role of compassion in adolescents with complex interpersonal trauma.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases was undertaken to identify cross-sectional and intervention studies that examined the role of compassion in the amelioration of psychopathology in adolescence.
RESULTS
Nine studies, including three intervention studies and six cross-sectional studies, met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggested a mediating role of compassion in trauma-specific and overall psychopathology.
CONCLUSION
Despite the dearth of research, this review suggests that integrating compassion might mediate the relationship between complex trauma and psychopathology in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Empathy; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 34779081
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2689 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Sep 2022The prevalence of internalizing disorders, i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders, spikes in adolescence and has been increasing amongst adolescents despite the... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of internalizing disorders, i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders, spikes in adolescence and has been increasing amongst adolescents despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, highlighting the need for advancing theories on how internalizing disorders emerge. The current review presents a theoretical model, called the Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA) Model, to explain how risk factors, namely sleep-related problems (SRPs), are prospectively associated with internalizing disorders in adolescence. Specifically, SRPs during late childhood and early adolescence, around the initiation of pubertal development, contribute to the interruption of intrinsic brain networks dynamics, both within the default mode network and between the default mode network and other networks in the brain. This interruption leaves adolescents vulnerable to repetitive negative thought, such as worry or rumination, which then increases vulnerability to internalizing symptoms and disorders later in adolescence. Sleep-related behaviors are observable, modifiable, low-stigma, and beneficial beyond treating internalizing psychopathology, highlighting the intervention potential associated with understanding the neurodevelopmental impact of SRPs around the transition to adolescence. This review details support for the SIPYA Model, as well as gaps in the literature and future directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Brain; Child; Depression; Humans; Sleep
PubMed: 35843345
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104780 -
The American Psychologist Dec 2022In this review, we seek to challenge negative stereotypes of adolescence and unpack the many ways that the developing brain contributes to positive development during... (Review)
Review
In this review, we seek to challenge negative stereotypes of adolescence and unpack the many ways that the developing brain contributes to positive development during the adolescent years. In particular, we will show that risk-taking is not inevitable and risks can be highly adaptive and positive; adolescents are not overly self-centered but engage in other-oriented prosocial behaviors in remarkable ways; adolescents are not only susceptible to negative peer influence but can resist negative peer influence and conform more to positive peer influence; and adolescents do not orient away from the family, but the family remains a constant and important source of influence into adolescence. We outline considerations that researchers can use to reframe their research questions to provide a more balanced perspective on adolescent development, thereby promoting positive development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Social Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adolescent Behavior; Brain; Altruism
PubMed: 36595405
DOI: 10.1037/amp0001109 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2024Successful management of migraine in childhood and adolescence starts with making the correct diagnosis, assessing the impact of migraine on the child/adolescent's... (Review)
Review
Successful management of migraine in childhood and adolescence starts with making the correct diagnosis, assessing the impact of migraine on the child/adolescent's quality of life including impact on education, family life, and social activities. Understanding the child's and family's concerns and reasons for seeking medical advice is an important starting point in the management plan. Pharmacological treatment should go hand-in-hand with appropriate advice on maintaining a healthy life style, avoidance of triggers and aggravating factors, and exploring comorbid disorders that may influence response to treatment. Compared to those available for adult patients, pharmacologic treatment options for migraine in children and adolescents are relatively untested and limited at the present time. Therefore, an individual management plan on the appropriate use of medications, including the limitations of acute treatment and prevention of migraine, should be agreed and well understood by the patient, his/her carers, and school teachers, in order to achieve best results. Treatment of acute migraine episodes should be given as early as possible after onset of headache using an appropriate dose to child's age and weight and in the correct formulation and route of administration. Preventive treatment should be given regularly in a dose titrated to achieve maximum benefit with least adverse effect for at least 6-8 weeks before a judgment is made on its efficacy. Regular monitoring of treatment response can be facilitated by prospective headache diaries and follow-up.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Male; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Migraine Disorders; Headache; Social Behavior
PubMed: 38307665
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00034-3 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Dec 2023This article discusses the application of brief interventions to address adolescents with a cannabis use problem. Topics include a general model of brief interventions,... (Review)
Review
This article discusses the application of brief interventions to address adolescents with a cannabis use problem. Topics include a general model of brief interventions, the outcome literature, existing brief interventions that focus on youth cannabis use, adjustments to a brief intervention when addressing cannabis, referral to treatment issues, personalizing a brief intervention, the need to address coexisting problems, and future directions.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Cannabis; Crisis Intervention; Adolescent Behavior
PubMed: 37879837
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.03.010 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Jan 2023This article discusses the application of brief interventions to address adolescents with a cannabis use problem. Topics include a general model of brief interventions,... (Review)
Review
This article discusses the application of brief interventions to address adolescents with a cannabis use problem. Topics include a general model of brief interventions, the outcome literature, existing brief interventions that focus on youth cannabis use, adjustments to a brief intervention when addressing cannabis, referral to treatment issues, personalizing a brief intervention, the need to address coexisting problems, and future directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Cannabis; Crisis Intervention; Adolescent Behavior; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 36410899
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.06.004 -
Issues in Law & Medicine 2023Can sexual activity, alcohol and drug use, violent video games, pornography and other activities, including use of social media, damage adolescent minds? Early high-risk...
Can sexual activity, alcohol and drug use, violent video games, pornography and other activities, including use of social media, damage adolescent minds? Early high-risk behaviors appear to have significant harmful effects on the brain's development. Evidence suggests that the hormones and neural patterns triggered may lead to addictive, and other high-risk behaviors, social withdrawal, and depression. Compounding these concerns are the immature decision-making processes during adolescence. Fortunately, parents can positively impact the brain development of adolescents as they assist in decision-making, provide structure to the adolescent's environment, and monitor the adolescent's activities.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Brain; Behavior, Addictive; Erotica; Ethanol; Parents
PubMed: 37642456
DOI: No ID Found