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Journal of Youth and Adolescence Apr 2022Individuals develop diverse social attitudes during adolescence. This study focused on adolescents' cooperative and competitive attitudes from grades 7-11 and their...
Individuals develop diverse social attitudes during adolescence. This study focused on adolescents' cooperative and competitive attitudes from grades 7-11 and their outcomes in grade 12. The sample included 6,908 South Korean adolescents (47.6% girls, mean age = 12.83, range = 12-15). Latent cross-lagged models revealed negative directional associations between cooperative and compet itive attitudes for grades 7-10, but no significant associations for grades 10-11. Cooperative attitudes contributed more to social than academic outcomes, whereas competitive attitudes more positively predicted academic outcomes. The results suggest that educators who support early to mid-adolescents' cooperative or competitive attitudes need to strike a delicate balance as these attitudes do not change independently and both have distinct strengths and weaknesses.
Topics: Adolescent; Attitude; Child; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 35190964
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01583-8 -
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2022Although the notion of "dignity of risk" has primarily been used in reference to adolescents with disabilities, this concept can be applied to all adolescents, as... (Review)
Review
Although the notion of "dignity of risk" has primarily been used in reference to adolescents with disabilities, this concept can be applied to all adolescents, as parents and guardians are challenged by how to balance adolescents' need for self-determination with the need for safety and supervision. In the context of maturing cognitive and emotional neural circuits, normative adolescent development involves temporal shifts in social and environmental factors that are inherently associated with both higher risk-taking and opportunities for growth and new learning. The challenge for parents of balancing risk and opportunity is influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors, previous experience, personality, and the perceived capability of the adolescent. When perceived capability is lower, the challenge becomes even more acute, such as when an adolescent has a developmental, physical, or psychiatric disability that impacts cognitive, emotional, or adaptive functioning. This article reviews the literature on normative brain development from the perspective of balancing risk and self-determination in adolescence and discusses the implications for families and clinicians across a range of ability and disability. Potential approaches to fostering self-determination are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Emotions; Humans; Respect
PubMed: 35938437
DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2022.0025 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Apr 2022Impulsive and risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, and is consistently associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder... (Review)
Review
Impulsive and risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, and is consistently associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), regardless of age. In this brief review, we demonstrate the similarity of theoretical models explaining impulsive and risky decision-making that originate in two relatively distinct literatures (i.e., on adolescence and on ADHD). We summarize research thus far and conclude that the presence of ADHD during adolescence further exacerbates the tendency that is already present in adolescents to make impulsive and risky decisions. We also conclude that much is still unknown about the developmental trajectories of individuals with ADHD with regard to impulsive and risky decision making, and we therefore provide several hypotheses that warrant further longitudinal research.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; Impulsive Behavior
PubMed: 34953445
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.002 -
Journal of Research on Adolescence :... Dec 2022Understanding Americans' deeply held and widely shared assumptions about adolescents and their development can reveal key opportunities and challenges for developmental...
Understanding Americans' deeply held and widely shared assumptions about adolescents and their development can reveal key opportunities and challenges for developmental science communicators. Twenty-nine in-depth interviews were conducted with adolescents and adults about adolescence. We analyzed the cultural models the public use to make meaning about what adolescence is, what development involves, what adolescents need, and how adolescents can be supported. The analysis revealed several cultural models that may impede public engagement around youth issues. These dominant ways of thinking include a strong focus on the vulnerability of adolescence and a narrow understanding of how environments affect adolescent development. The findings have important implications for communicators seeking to expand and deepen public thinking about adolescence.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Communication; Adolescent Development
PubMed: 34747536
DOI: 10.1111/jora.12690 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Mar 2021The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina, as well as to evaluate the possible differences in...
The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina, as well as to evaluate the possible differences in habits among individuals of different adolescent categories. The study included 120 participants (35 male and 85 female) divided into three adolescent categories, as follows: early (11-14 years of age), middle (15-18 years) and late (19-21 years) adolescence, from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, who presented for dental examination. All participants completed the socio-demographic questionnaire and standardized Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). The answers provided by study adolescents in the HU-DBI showed statistically significant differences among particular age groups, i.e. between early and middle adolescence in items 7 (p=0.046) and 15 (p=0.007); between middle and late adolescence in items 8 (p=0.021), 11 (p=0.04) and 12 (p=0.027); and between middle and late adolescence in item 11 (p=0.032). Respondents in middle adolescence had poorer oral hygiene attitudes than those in early and late adolescence. In order to improve the oral hygiene habits of adolescents in Herzegovina, it is necessary to put emphasis on continuous education about oral hygiene habits during their secondary education.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Habits; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Students, Dental; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34588728
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.14 -
Soins. Psychiatrie 2022Teenage pregnancy remains a major public health problem worldwide. They present somatic, psychological, developmental and socioeconomic risks and consequences for... (Review)
Review
Teenage pregnancy remains a major public health problem worldwide. They present somatic, psychological, developmental and socioeconomic risks and consequences for adolescents and their unborn children. A review of the international scientific literature exploring the psychosocial factors of vulnerability at each stage of pregnancy shows that sustainable, multidisciplinary and culturally appropriate support is necessary.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 36731978
DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2022.11.006 -
Medicine Jan 2022Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the...
BACKGROUND
Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about childhood and adolescences' safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of childhood and adolescence safety campaigns on parents' knowledge and attitude toward preventable injuries.
METHODS
This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the predesigned assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The pre-post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign's stations.
RESULTS
Three hundred eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 [standard deviation (SD) 17.7] to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Campaign (t value = 34.6, P < .001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents' perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t value = 6.3, P < .001) and (t value = 3.097, P < .001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The educational childhood and adolescence safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes toward childhood and adolescence's safety. As children and adolescents are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote safe practices among parents and caregivers.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Child; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; SARS-CoV-2; Safety; Saudi Arabia; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 35060555
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028649 -
Seminars in Pediatric Surgery Aug 2021Varicocele is defined as an abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins found within the pampiniform plexus. It is a common finding in adolescents...
Varicocele is defined as an abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins found within the pampiniform plexus. It is a common finding in adolescents and adult men alike, however its diagnosis in the adolescent population poses different dilemmas in regard to indications for treatment than in adults. Failed Paternity is a clear-cut indication for repair in adult men attempting to father children. In adolescents, the physicians, family and patients must consider potential for future fertility problems which may or may not actually become of concern. Assessing the degree of negative effect of the varicocele on an adolescent's testicular health can also be difficult as teenagers typically are not asked to provide semen for analysis and thus surrogate markers for testicular health such as testicular size differentials must be used. Treatment options for the adolescent varicocele are similar to options in adult populations. While risks and benefits of various techniques can be considered, the gold standard for varicocele repair in adolescents has not been clearly defined. We aim to discuss diagnosis of varicocele, considerations for initiating treatment of varicocele in the adolescent, and techniques for management.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Male; Testis; Varicocele
PubMed: 34412881
DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151084 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2021Depression often first develops during adolescence, with its rate sharply increasing after puberty and often running a chronic, recurring course thereafter. The... (Review)
Review
Depression often first develops during adolescence, with its rate sharply increasing after puberty and often running a chronic, recurring course thereafter. The development of depression is associated with difficulties in the lives of adolescents and their families, reduced academic achievement, suicide, and increased socio-economic disadvantage in adulthood. Earlier and more effective interventions for depression in adolescents are required. This review describes the updated etiology and clinical features of adolescent depression, and focuses on appropriate therapeutic strategies to adopt in clinical practice. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 22-28, February, 2021.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depression; Humans
PubMed: 33994475
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.22 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Sep 2021Adolescents can experience heightened stress due to biopsychosocial changes that occur during this developmental stage. The 'wear and tear' of the physiological systems... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adolescents can experience heightened stress due to biopsychosocial changes that occur during this developmental stage. The 'wear and tear' of the physiological systems responsible for managing our stress response can lead to dysregulation of these systems, known as allostatic load (AL). AL is commonly measured within adult populations, however, inconsistencies exist across measures used to quantify the effects of stress on health. The aim of this review was to identify variations in measures across AL studies, and to consider how specific measures may be more appropriate for use within adolescent populations.
METHOD
Pubmed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, were searched in July 2020, using search terms 'allostatic load' and 'adolescence'. AL studies (1988-2020) with an adolescent population (age 10-24 years) were included. 354 records were screened by two reviewers and 41 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.
RESULTS
25 studies were included in final synthesis. Biomarkers of AL ranged from 1 to 14. The most common index of AL consisted of 6 biomarkers; cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body-mass index.
FINDINGS
Defining measures of AL during adolescence may help to identify vulnerabilities specific to adolescents, which may shape their lifelong health trajectories.
Topics: Adolescent; Allostasis; Humans
PubMed: 34198124
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105324