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Blood Jul 2022
Topics: Germany; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Lymphoma, B-Cell
PubMed: 35900785
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016277 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Dec 2019Immunotherapy of cancer with blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapies have led to impressive clinical responses in several cancers. However,... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy of cancer with blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapies have led to impressive clinical responses in several cancers. However, with increasing utilization of these therapies, immune-related adverse events have emerged as a major obstacle. Herein I discuss recent insights into the immunobiology of these toxicities. Deeper understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, cellular and molecular pathways involved, similarities and differences with spontaneous autoimmunity, and identification of clinically relevant predictive biomarkers is needed to develop optimal approaches to prevent and treat these toxicities, without compromising the therapeutic benefit from these immune therapies. These events may also provide a unique window into mechanisms underlying spontaneous autoimmunity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31557690
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.004 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Feb 2021Cancer is a major burden on the healthcare system, and new therapies are needed. Recently, the development of immunotherapies, which aim to boost or use the immune... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a major burden on the healthcare system, and new therapies are needed. Recently, the development of immunotherapies, which aim to boost or use the immune system, or its constituents, as a tool to fight malignant cells, has provided a major new tool in the arsenal of clinicians and has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers.Cellular immunotherapies are based on the administration of living cells to patients and have developed hugely, especially since 2010 when Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), a DC vaccine, was the first cellular immunotherapy to be approved by the FDA. The ensuing years have seen two further cellular immunotherapies gain FDA approval: tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta).This review will give an overview of the principles of immunotherapies before focusing on the major forms of cellular immunotherapies individually, T cell-based, natural killer (NK) cell-based and dendritic cell (DC)-based, as well as detailing some of the clinical trials relevant to each therapy.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms
PubMed: 32607912
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02264-w -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Dec 2023Cancer remains a major health problem despite numerous new medical interventions that have been introduced in recent years. One of the major choices for cancer therapy... (Review)
Review
Cancer remains a major health problem despite numerous new medical interventions that have been introduced in recent years. One of the major choices for cancer therapy is so-called adoptive cell therapy (ACT). ACT can be performed using both innate immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and γδ T cells and acquired immune T cells. It has become possible to utilize these cells in both their native and modified states in clinical studies. Because of considerable success in cancer treatment, ACT now plays a role in advanced therapy protocols. Genetic engineering of autologous and allogeneic immune cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages, etc.) with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a powerful new tool to target specific antigens on cancer cells. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US has approved certain CAR-T cells for hematologic malignancies and it is hoped that their use can be extended to incorporate a variety of cells, in particular NK cells. However, the ACT method has some limitations, such as the risk of rejection in allogeneic engrafts. Accordingly, numerous efforts are being made to eliminate or minimize this and other complications. In the present review, we have developed a guide to breast cancer (BC) therapy from conventional therapy, through to cell-based approaches, in particular novel technologies including CAR with emphasis on NK cells as a new and safer candidate in this field as well as the more recent aptamer technology, which can play a major role in BC immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Breast Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; T-Lymphocytes; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37658246
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01177-z -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; T-Lymphocytes; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cell Engineering
PubMed: 37672700
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2304744 -
Experimental Dermatology Mar 2023Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for melanoma is an example of the most successful cancer immune therapy. It achieves a durable... (Review)
Review
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for melanoma is an example of the most successful cancer immune therapy. It achieves a durable complete response about ~20% of patients, and they might be cured. However, the ratio of patients with durable benefits is not high, and its complicated procedure prevents its diffusion. Therefore, many efforts to enhance the effect and simplify the protocol of TIL therapy have been made so far, resulting in the establishment of a simple and effective current TIL therapy that has been propagated to other institutes and countries. Moreover, TIL therapy and translational research using clinical samples derived from durable responders elucidate the important element for developing more effective cancer immune therapies in the future. This review introduced the brief history, attempts for the improvement and important findings elucidated by translational research of ACT for melanoma.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Adoptive Transfer; Immunotherapy, Adoptive
PubMed: 36382355
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14707 -
Immunotherapy Apr 2022Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Recent studies have highlighted cellular immunotherapy (CI) as a promising approach for... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Recent studies have highlighted cellular immunotherapy (CI) as a promising approach for treating this disease. Among the CI-based approaches, adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination are commonly studied in preclinical and clinical trials. Here we review the current evidence on the potentiality of CI in treating GC, the targets for adoptive cell therapy, ongoing clinical trials, constraints and the future outlook. The results suggest that there is a need to identify novel biomarkers that predict which GC patients will most likely respond to these approaches. Also, CI plus chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve the survival of patients with late-stage GC. Therefore, this approach can be promising for treating these patients.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Stomach Neoplasms; Vaccination
PubMed: 35232264
DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0285 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; Autoimmune Diseases; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; T-Lymphocytes; Severity of Illness Index; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
PubMed: 38836401
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.877.1139 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Aug 2022Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are widely being investigated against malignancies, and allogeneic 'universal donor' CAR-T cells offer the possibility of widened... (Review)
Review
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are widely being investigated against malignancies, and allogeneic 'universal donor' CAR-T cells offer the possibility of widened access to pre-manufactured, off-the-shelf therapies. Different genome-editing platforms have been used to address human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barriers to generate universal CAR-T cell therapy and early applications have been reported in children and adults against B cell malignancies. Recently developed Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based systems and related technologies offer the prospect of enhanced cellular immunotherapies for a wider range of hematological malignancies.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Child; Gene Editing; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 35773047
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.03.006 -
Cells, Tissues, Organs 2023The past decade has witnessed significant advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the adoptive transfer of engineered T cells in treating advanced... (Review)
Review
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the adoptive transfer of engineered T cells in treating advanced leukemias and lymphomas. Despite these excitements, challenges remain with scale, cost, and ensuring quality control of engineered immune cells, including chimeric antigen receptor T, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, has transformed immunotherapy by providing a scalable, off-the-shelf source of any desired immune cells for basic research, translational studies, and clinical interventions. The tractability of hPSCs for gene editing could also generate homogenous, universal cellular products with custom functionality for individual or combinatory therapeutic applications. This review will explore various immune cell types whose directed differentiation from hPSCs has been achieved and recently adapted for translational immunotherapy and feature forward-looking bioengineering techniques shaping the future of the stem cell field.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Killer Cells, Natural; T-Lymphocytes; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36599319
DOI: 10.1159/000528838