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Journal of Perinatal Medicine Mar 2023The subject of current work was to determine the relationship of fetal ultrasonographic biomarkers, including anogenital distance (AGD), adrenal gland volume, and penile...
OBJECTIVES
The subject of current work was to determine the relationship of fetal ultrasonographic biomarkers, including anogenital distance (AGD), adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width in mothers with male fetuses at 22-36 weeks of gestation for the assessment of the effect of fetal adrenal gland producing androgens on the male anogenital structures that are exposed to androgen effects as anogenital region and penis.
METHODS
This study is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in our hospital's outpatient perinatal care unit. One hundred and seventy pregnant women with a male fetus aged 22-36 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The fetal adrenal gland length, width, and depth for the calculation of adrenal volume, AGD, and penile length and width were measured for each participant. The Pearson coefficients were calculated to assess the correlation among these parameters.
RESULTS
The adrenal gland volume had a meaningful, positive moderate relationship with both the AGD (r=0.60) and penile length and width (r=0.57 and r=0.59, respectively; p<0.001). The AGD had a positive, strong correlation with the penile length and width (r=0.74 and r=0.76, respectively; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The fetal adrenal gland as one of the androgen sources of the fetus is an influencer of the development of the anogenital and penile region. The findings of the current study support that the adrenal gland considerably affects the masculinization of male fetuses, since there were remarkable correlations among the AGD, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Penis; Fetus; Adrenal Glands; Anal Canal
PubMed: 35985035
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0239 -
BMC Medical Imaging Nov 2023The value of radiomics features from the adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images for predicting disease progression in patients with COVID-19 has not been studied...
BACKGROUND
The value of radiomics features from the adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images for predicting disease progression in patients with COVID-19 has not been studied extensively. We assess the value of radiomics features from the adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images in predicting COVID-19 disease exacerbation.
METHODS
A total of 1,245 patients (685 moderate and 560 severe patients) were enrolled in a retrospective study. We proposed a 3D V-net to segment adrenal glands in onset CT images automatically, and periadrenal fat was obtained using inflation operation around the adrenal gland. Next, we built a clinical model (CM), three radiomics models (adrenal gland model [AM], periadrenal fat model [PM], and fusion of adrenal gland and periadrenal fat model [FM]), and radiomics nomogram (RN) after radiomics features extracted.
RESULTS
The auto-segmentation framework yielded a dice value 0.79 in the training set. CM, AM, PM, FM, and RN obtained AUCs of 0.717, 0.716, 0.736, 0.760, and 0.833 in the validation set. FM and RN had better predictive efficacy than CM (P < 0.0001) in the training set. RN showed that there was no significant difference in the validation set (mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.04) and test set (MAE = 0.075) between predictive and actual results. Decision curve analysis showed that if the threshold probability was between 0.4 and 0.8 in the validation set or between 0.3 and 0.7 in the test set, it could gain more net benefits using RN than FM and CM.
CONCLUSIONS
Radiomics features extracted from the adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images are related to disease exacerbation in patients with COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Adrenal Glands; Disease Progression; Delivery of Health Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37950171
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01145-9 -
Vitamins and Hormones 2024This article discusses the physiological and anatomical changes of adrenal gland with age and the effects this has overall on how the organ responds to stress....
This article discusses the physiological and anatomical changes of adrenal gland with age and the effects this has overall on how the organ responds to stress. Physiological changes entail a decrease in adrenocorticoid hormone secretion however cortisol levels remain intact leading to a disruptive stress response. Additionally, loss of zonation of the organ also occurs. Both characteristics in combination with chronic stress affect overall health. Complex interplay between adrenal aging and stress responsiveness is confounded further by the impact they expel on other systems, such as the thyroid hormone. The body undergoes age-related transformations modifying rate of cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, and hormone production. Given the multiplicity and complexity of hormones, their production must be considered to develop appropriate interventions to mitigate its effect on age related diseases in health.
Topics: Humans; Adrenal Glands; Hormones; Thyroid Hormones; Aging
PubMed: 38408802
DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2022Nocardia cyriacigeorgica is one of the most common Nocardia species found in human infections, recently reclassified. Even though Nocardia may affect all organs by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica is one of the most common Nocardia species found in human infections, recently reclassified. Even though Nocardia may affect all organs by hematogenous dissemination, bacteremia are uncommon. Among all possible dissemination sites, the involvement of the adrenal glands is particularly rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report here a rare case of Nocardia disseminated infection with notably bacteremia and adrenal gland abscess, in a 77-years-old immunocompetent man. Adrenal gland abscess diagnosis was made by imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography scan). A complete regression of all lesions including the left adrenal gland was obtained after 6 months of antibiotics. A review of literature was also performed.
CONCLUSION
Nocardia bacteremia is a rare event but blood cultures may help to improve detection of Nocardia spp. in a non-invasive way. Adrenal abscess due to Nocardia spp. is very rare with only fourteen cases reported in the literature, but it is a true cause of adrenal masses. Our report suggests that clinician should be aware of this rare location and prioritize a non-invasive diagnosis strategy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Abscess; Nocardia Infections; Nocardia; Adrenal Glands; Bacteremia; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36581805
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07839-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2020This study aims to examine the co-occurrence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adrenal gland disorders, as well as whether pharmacotherapy may...
This study aims to examine the co-occurrence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adrenal gland disorders, as well as whether pharmacotherapy may affect ADHD patients' risk of developing adrenal gland disorder. One group of patients newly diagnosed with ADHD ( = 75,247) and one group of age- and gender-matching controls ( = 75,247) were chosen from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database during the period of January 1999 to December 2011. Both patients and controls were monitored through December 31, 2011, in order to identify the occurrence of adrenal gland disorders (ICD-9-CM code 255.X). We also explored the potential effect of methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) treatments on the risk of developing adrenal gland disorders. We found that ADHD patients showed a significantly increased probability of developing an adrenal gland disorder compared to the control group (0.2% of ADHD vs. 0.1% of controls). However, neither MPH nor ATX treatment significantly influenced the patients' risk of developing adrenal gland dysfunction. We propose that patients with ADHD had greater comorbid rates with adrenal gland dysfunction than the control subjects. Nevertheless, undergoing treatment with MPH or ATX did not significantly influence the risk of developing adrenal gland dysfunction among ADHD patients.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Glands; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Taiwan
PubMed: 32466107
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103709 -
Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) Sep 2022Today, adrenalectomy can be performed by a variety of laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic approaches. Of particular importance are the lateral transperitoneal and the... (Review)
Review
Today, adrenalectomy can be performed by a variety of laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic approaches. Of particular importance are the lateral transperitoneal and the posterior retroperitoneoscopic access routes. Comparative studies of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal procedures still demonstrate heterogeneous results. Nevertheless, retroperitoneal access techniques seem to enable less postoperative pain and a faster recovery. Robotic procedures are gaining in popularity but the final importance cannot yet be determined. All minimally invasive techniques are considered to be so safe and reliable that open approaches are only justified in exceptional cases.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Retroperitoneal Space
PubMed: 35927340
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01682-z -
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jul 2022Knowledge of the exact organ manifestation is essential for a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 infection. Here, the histopathological changes in the pituitary and...
BACKGROUND
Knowledge of the exact organ manifestation is essential for a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 infection. Here, the histopathological changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands were analyzed.
METHODS
In this series, the formalin-fixed tissues of 63 pituitary glands and 50 adrenal glands were examined. We performed HE and PAS staining and examined COVID-19 nucleocapsid antibody immunohistochemically in the pituitary glands and adrenals.
RESULTS
Histologically, there was no evidence of COVID-19-specific changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands. Large pituitary necrosis may be interpreted as a shock reaction. Independent of infection, we found one T-cell lymphoma, two adenomas, and four Rathke-type cysts in the pituitary glands, and 70% of the adrenal glands showed decreased lipid content and an increase in compact cells as a stress response. In addition, a cortical adenoma in one adrenal gland and small cortical nodules in three adrenal glands were detected independently of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
Pituitary and adrenal glands do not appear histologically predominant in the course of COVID-19.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocortical Adenoma; COVID-19; Humans; Pituitary Gland
PubMed: 35334433
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102045 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2023Cystic lesions of the adrenal glands are relatively uncommon and most of them are clinically silent. Though rarely associated with malignant changes, they may carry...
Cystic lesions of the adrenal glands are relatively uncommon and most of them are clinically silent. Though rarely associated with malignant changes, they may carry clinically detrimental consequences if misdiagnosed. Cystic adrenal lesions exhibit a broad histomorphological spectrum, ranging from pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts and parasitic cysts. Here we present the case of a young woman with left-sided abdominal pain and contrast-enhanced CT showing a 10.4×7.7×7.8 cm fluid-filled left suprarenal lesion. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with cyst excision, and the histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a pseudocyst of the left adrenal gland. Despite being rare, usually benign and asymptomatic, the diagnosis and management of these cystic lesions of the adrenal glands are often unclear. Any functional lesion, potentially malignant lesion or lesion more than 5 cm deserves surgical management, whereas others can be managed conservatively.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Glands; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Epidermal Cyst; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37142280
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254535 -
The British Journal of Radiology Apr 2021Most of the adrenal masses are incidentally detected. Multiphasic CT forms the mainstay for diagnosis and characterization of adrenal masses. MRI can further be used if... (Review)
Review
Most of the adrenal masses are incidentally detected. Multiphasic CT forms the mainstay for diagnosis and characterization of adrenal masses. MRI can further be used if the masses are indeterminate on CT scan. But as these investigations are expensive with risk of radiation exposure, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is currently under evaluation to assess its utility to act as a screening modality to differentiate benign malignant adrenal masses This investigative modality is relatively safe and can be used in patients having renal dysfunction or allergy to CT contrast. We, hereby, present a pictorial review of imaging appearance of various adrenal lesions on CEUS with CT and MRI correlation.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33439758
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201170 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2022With the development of new technologies and the changing patient profiles, cytopathology departments receive increasing numbers of adrenal gland cytology specimens. In...
BACKGROUND
With the development of new technologies and the changing patient profiles, cytopathology departments receive increasing numbers of adrenal gland cytology specimens. In this study, the authors analyzed archival adrenal gland cytology cases and attempted to implement a diagnostic reporting system.
DESIGN
Retrospective electronic medical record search was performed for adrenal gland cytology specimens in seven tertiary care centers. The cytology diagnoses were grouped in 7 categories: nondiagnostic, nonneoplastic, benign adrenal cortical elements (BACE), primary neoplasm of noncortical origin (NONC), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SM), and malignant (MAL). If available, histopathology results of concurrent and/or follow-up biopsies and/or resections were documented.
RESULTS
A total of 473 adrenal gland cytology cases were included. BACE cases comprised 21.8%, whereas MAL cases were 57.5% of all cases. For BACE and MAL categories, there were 100% and 98.9% correlation, respectively, in the cases with histopathology follow-up. Six of 10 NONC cases had histopathology diagnoses and there were 3 pheochromocytomas and 3 schwannomas. Twenty-one AUS cases had histology follow-up and 10 (47.6%) of them were malignant. Six cases of SM had histopathology follow-up, and all of them were malignant on the follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors propose a 7-tier diagnostic scheme for adrenal gland cytology. The risk of malignancy was 98.9% in MAL cases (87/88) in the cohort. The only case with discordance was reported as "adrenal cortical adenoma with marked atypia"' on resection. There was no difference between endoscopic ultrasound-guided and percutaneous methods. Further studies are needed to validate and make this approach universal.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 35244974
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22564