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Journal of Cellular Physiology May 2023Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As people's lifestyles and diets change, the incidence of AS increases yearly. Physical activity and exercise training have recently been identified as effective strategies for lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the best exercise mode to ameliorate the risk factors related to AS is not clear. The effect of exercise on AS is affected by the type of exercise, intensity, and duration. In particular, aerobic and anaerobic exercise are the two most widely discussed types of exercise. During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes physiological changes via various signaling pathways. The review aims to summarize signaling pathways related to AS in two different exercise types and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Anaerobiosis; Exercise; Atherosclerosis; Exercise Therapy; Cardiovascular System
PubMed: 36890781
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30989 -
Research Quarterly For Exercise and... Sep 2021: There is no significant evidence of both biological and motivational effects between virtual reality exercises to traditional/conventional exercise. The aim of this...
: There is no significant evidence of both biological and motivational effects between virtual reality exercises to traditional/conventional exercise. The aim of this study is to assess the biological and motivational effects of aerobic exercises with virtual reality and traditional exercise methods. : 20 students participated as control and 60 students were divided randomly and equally into two groups, virtual reality exercise group (VRE) and traditional exercise group (TE). Two groups completed the exercise training. Tests were applied to the three groups at the beginning and in the end of the study. An activity monitor and pulse oximeter were used to measure energy expenditure during exercises. : After eight weeks, the data from pulse oximeter showed no statistical significance between the exercise groups. The active energy expenditure, PAL and step counts were statistically significant in TE group. There was a statistically significant increase in the sleep quality of the TE group ( = .000). There was no statistical significance among the anxiety scores of all groups. In the spring semester, there was a statistically significant increase in both VRE and TE groups compared to the fall semester ( < .05). : The virtual reality exercises produce greater motivational effects, whereas traditional exercises bring greater physical improvements.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Virtual Reality; Young Adult
PubMed: 32213126
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1729329 -
Substance Abuse 2021Exercise has been examined as an adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs), yet few exercise interventions have been conducted among patients undergoing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Exercise has been examined as an adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs), yet few exercise interventions have been conducted among patients undergoing intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment, who may be the most vulnerable to relapse and for whom exercise could provide the most benefits. This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise, in addition to IOP treatment, on psychological variables and endocannabinoids in individuals with SUDs. : Twenty-one SUD patients (mean age 35 years) were recruited from local IOPs. Participants were randomized to either treatment-as-usual (TAU, at their outpatient clinic) or TAU plus aerobic exercise training (EX). EX participants engaged in supervised, moderate-intensity exercise for 30 min, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. TAU participants came into the laboratory once per week for assessments and a 30-min quiet rest session. Participants provided blood samples and completed questionnaires evaluating substance use, mood states, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, self-efficacy to abstain from substance use, and craving. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney tests or mixed model ANOVAs to determine group differences in outcomes acutely and over 6 weeks. : Over 6 weeks, there were reductions in perceived stress ( < 0.01) and craving ( < 0.05) for both groups. There were no group differences in abstinence rates or changes from baseline in self-efficacy, depression, or anxiety ( > 0.05). Acutely, both exercise and quiet rest sessions led to reductions in craving, tension, depression, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance (all s < 0.05). In addition, the EX group experienced acute increases in vigor and circulating concentrations of the endocannabinoid, anandamide ( < 0.01). : An adjunctive aerobic exercise program during SUD treatment was associated with similar reductions in perceived stress and drug craving as standard care. Thirty minutes of exercise or quiet rest led to acute improvements in mood, but exercise produced the additional benefit of increases in vigor and circulating anandamide.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Endocannabinoids; Exercise; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31729933
DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1680480 -
Journal of Physical Activity & Health Feb 2021The specific benefits of aerobic exercises in smoking cessation are unclear, as they have different characteristics, intensities, and durations. The purpose of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The specific benefits of aerobic exercises in smoking cessation are unclear, as they have different characteristics, intensities, and durations. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without co-interventions, compared with a control group of cognitive behavior treatment on smoking cessation.
METHODS
This review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO, and the searches were performed from 2016 to 2018. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without nicotine therapy replacement, compared with usual care were included. The primary outcome was smoking cessation defined as the prevalence of those who quit or continuous abstinence. Meta-analysis was calculated using random effects model in the comprehensive meta-analysis software.
RESULTS
The authors identified 18 trials reporting data for a total of 2815 participants. There was moderate-quality evidence that aerobic exercise was better than usual care in promoting smoking cessation at short term (11 trials, risk ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.94). However, there were no differences between aerobic exercises and usual care at medium- or long-term follow-ups.
CONCLUSIONS
According to review, aerobic exercise may be effective in promoting smoking cessation at short-term, but not at medium- and long-term follow-ups.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Exercise; Humans; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
PubMed: 33434887
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0339 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2023Regular exercise performed during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing perinatal gestational hypertensive conditions. Further evidence on the exact... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Regular exercise performed during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing perinatal gestational hypertensive conditions. Further evidence on the exact parameters of exercise needed to explain these beneficial responses is required, within both uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure during pregnancy.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES AND METHODS
An online search of six search engines was conducted up to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort, and longitudinal studies were included. Studies included an acute exercise bout or intervention of land-based aerobic and/or resistance exercise during any trimester in uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
RESULTS
Following the removal of duplicates, 1538 articles were screened with 59 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the review (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) n = 34, clinical trials n = 19, cohort n = 5 and cross-sectional n = 2), and 21 studies included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used with mean difference calculated in mmHg. Overall, there were no statistically significant effects of exercise on resting blood pressure (BP) outcomes in pregnant women with normal blood pressure compared to control/usual care populations following intervention (SBP mean diff -1.54 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.38; DBP mean diff -2.25 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.1; MAP mean diff -1.75 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.31). In at-risk pregnant women, both aerobic and combination exercise significantly reduced BP outcomes compared to control (SBP mean diff -3.91 mmHg, p < 0.01; DBP mean diff -2.9 mmHg, p = 0.01; MAP mean diff -2.38 mmHg, p = 0.01). Twenty-seven studies reported an acute increase in SBP and DBP during aerobic exercise, with no difference found between uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to usual care, aerobic and/or resistance exercise performed throughout uncomplicated pregnancy had no influence on blood pressure. Pregnant women with no diagnosed complications should be encouraged to exercise regularly due to the multitude of known benefits. In women who are at risk of, or diagnosed, with gestational hypertensive conditions during pregnancy, moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy improves blood pressure outcomes. Higher risk pregnancies may reduce their risk of future cardiovascular complications through regular exercise training during pregnancy.
REGISTRATION
CRD42020159998.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Blood Pressure; Resistance Training; Hypertension; Exercise
PubMed: 37455490
DOI: 10.1177/17455057231183573 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2023Although the Talk Test (TT) is a reliable and low-cost test, its use for aerobic exercise prescription is still limited.
BACKGROUND
Although the Talk Test (TT) is a reliable and low-cost test, its use for aerobic exercise prescription is still limited.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the heart rate (HR) in the stages of the TT and at the peak of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as a parameter to prescribe aerobic exercise compared with HR at the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).
METHODS
Individuals with cardiovascular disease attended three assessment days: 1) anamnesis and CPET; 2) 6MWT; and 3) TT. One-way repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman's test were used to compare HR at VT1 and VT2 with HR at TT stages: last positive (TT+), first equivocal (TT±), and negative (TT-), and at the peak of the 6MWT. Pearson's or Spearman's test assessed correlations between HR at VTs, TT stages, and 6MWT. Statistical significance was set at 5%.
RESULTS
The study included 22 cardiac patients (13 men, 61 ± 8 years). HR at VT1 was similar to HR at TT+ (p = 0.987) and TT± (p = 0.154), and moderately correlated with TT+ (r = 0.479, p = 0.024). HR at VT2 was similar to TT- (p = 0.383), with a strong correlation (r = 0.757, p < 0.001). HR at the peak of the 6MWT was significantly different from HR at TT+, TT±, and VT1 (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) but similar to TT- (p = 0.68).
CONCLUSIONS
HR at TT+ and TT- reflect HR at VT1 and VT2, respectively, differently from 6MWT, which was similar only to VT2. TT may be an objective test to assist aerobic exercise prescription in cardiac rehabilitation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Walk Test; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Heart Rate; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Exercise Test; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 37820173
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230086 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Feb 2021With this review, we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on migraine and explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment option for migraine. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
With this review, we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on migraine and explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment option for migraine.
RECENT FINDINGS
A close association of physical activity and exercise with migraine has been reported in clinical and population-based studies. Recent randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of aerobic exercise as a migraine-preventive treatment have revealed a notable improvement in migraine symptoms. Data on the effect of anaerobic exercise and exercise for flexibility, coordination, and relaxation on migraine are currently insufficient to make any recommendations. Possible pathways for the attenuation of migraine by exercise include the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inflammation, and behavioral/psychological factors. Regarding efficacy, side effects, and health benefits, aerobic exercise is a potentially beneficial strategy in the preventive treatment of migraine. Further studies are needed to delineate an evidence-based exercise program for migraine treatment.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33630184
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00929-w -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2023: The effect of non-pharmacological aerobic exercise training on blood pressure in sedentary older individuals receiving social home care in Saudi Arabia has not been... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Feasibility and Efficacy of Low-to-Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training in Reducing Resting Blood Pressure in Sedentary Older Saudis with Hypertension Living in Social Home Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
: The effect of non-pharmacological aerobic exercise training on blood pressure in sedentary older individuals receiving social home care in Saudi Arabia has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in sedentary older Saudis with hypertension residing in these settings. : A pilot randomized control trial was conducted with 27 sedentary individuals, aged 60-85, diagnosed with hypertension, and living in social home care in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Recruitment took place between November 2020 and January 2021, and participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group engaged in three 45 min sessions of low-to-moderate intensity aerobic activity per week for eight weeks. This trail was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN50726324). : Following eight weeks of mild to moderate aerobic exercise training, the primary outcome of resting blood pressure showed a significant reduction in the experimental group (systolic blood pressure: mean difference [MD] = 2.91 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61, 4.21, = 0.001; and diastolic blood pressure: MD = 1.33 mmHg, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.50, = 0.001) compared to the control group. Within the experimental group, there was also a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (MD = -2.75 mmHg, 95% CI = -7.73, 2.22, = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -0.83 mmHg, 95% CI = -5.81, 4.14, = 0.02). : This trial demonstrates the feasibility and potential benefits of low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise training in reducing resting blood pressure among sedentary older Saudis with hypertension residing in this aged care setting.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Feasibility Studies; Hypertension; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Homes for the Aged; Exercise Therapy; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 37374375
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061171 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Feb 2024We aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and haemodynamic factors in adults with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and haemodynamic factors in adults with hypertension. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to April 2022 for randomized trials of aerobic exercise in adults with hypertension. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) and 95%CIs for each 30 min/week increase in aerobic exercise. The certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. The analysis of 34 trials with 1787 participants indicated that each 30 min/week aerobic exercise reduced SBP by 1.78 mmHg (95%CI: -2.22 to -1.33; n = 34, GRADE=low), DBP by 1.23 mmHg (95%CI: -1.53 to -0.93; n = 34, GRADE=moderate), resting heart rate (MD = -1.08 bpm, 95%CI: -1.46 to -0.71; n = 23, GRADE=low), and mean arterial pressure (MD = -1.37 mmHg, 95%CI: -1.80 to -0.93; n = 9, GRADE = low). A nonlinear dose-dependent decrement was seen on SBP and DBP, with the greatest decrement at 150 min/week (MD = -7.23 mmHg, 95%CI: -9.08 to -5.39 for SBP and -5.58 mmHg, 95%CI: -6.90 to -4.27 for DBP). Aerobic exercise can lead to a large and clinically important reduction in blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest reduction at 150 min/week. The dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and haemodynamic factors in adults with hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Hypertension; Exercise
PubMed: 37872373
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01467-9 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Feb 2023Aerobic exercise aims to improve aerobic capacity. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Aerobic exercise aims to improve aerobic capacity.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the evidence on the efficacy of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity in slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (NMDs).
METHODS
We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science Conference Proceedings Index for articles published up to June 17, 2021, selecting randomized controlled trials that included adults with slowly progressive NMDs and compared aerobic exercise to no aerobic exercise. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak) directly post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included other peak test parameters, submaximal test parameters, long-term outcomes ≥8 weeks post-intervention, adherence and adverse events. Meta-analyses were performed for the primary outcome and for secondary outcomes when reported in more than 2 studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence according to GRADE.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included (195 participants with 8 different NMDs). Eight studies were rated at high risk of bias and 1 study was rated at some concerns. Duration of exercise programs ranged from 6 to 26 weeks, with 3 weekly training sessions of 20 to 40 min, based on maximal capacity. Meta-analyses revealed short-term moderate beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on VOpeak (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.55, 95% CI 0.23; 0.86) and peak workload (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.24; 0.99). Long-term effects were not assessed. Most training sessions (83-97%) were completed, but time spent in target intensity zones was not reported. Included studies lacked detailed adverse event reporting.
CONCLUSIONS
There is low-quality evidence that aerobic exercise is safe and leads to moderate improvement of aerobic capacity directly post-intervention in slowly progressive NMDs, but the long-term efficacy remains unclear. Detailed information about the time spent in target intensity zones and adverse events is lacking.
PROSPERO
CRD42020200083.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Quality of Life; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Neuromuscular Diseases
PubMed: 35091111
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101637