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American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Jun 2023Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to vascular dysfunction in postmenopausal women (PMW). Although aerobic exercise is beneficial in reducing ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor...
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to vascular dysfunction in postmenopausal women (PMW). Although aerobic exercise is beneficial in reducing ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone in men, it is unknown whether this favorable vascular effect occurs in women. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in PMW. We further hypothesized that reductions in ET-1 vasoconstrictor tone underly exercise-induced improvements in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in PMW. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusion of selective ET receptor blockade (BQ-123, 100 nmol/min for 60 min) and acetylcholine (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μg/100 mL tissue/min) in the absence and presence of ET receptor blockade were determined before and after a 12-wk aerobic exercise training intervention in 18 healthy, sedentary PMW (58 ± 4 yr). Women exercised an average of 4.9 ± 0.7 day/wk for 51 ± 7 min/day at 71 ± 3% of maximal heart rate. Before exercise, BQ-123 significantly increased FBF (∼25%) in sedentary PMW; however, this effect was abolished following the exercise intervention. FBF responses to acetylcholine were also significantly higher after exercise training (from 4.2 ± 1.2 to 14.0 ± 3.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min) versus before (from 4.1 ± 1.0 to 11.4 ± 3.3 mL/100 mL tissue/min; ∼25% increase; < 0.05). Before exercise training, coinfusion of BQ-123 with acetylcholine enhanced (∼25%; < 0.05) the vasodilator response (from 4.4 ± 1.1 to 13.9 ± 4.2 mL/100 mL tissue/min) compared with acetylcholine alone; after exercise training, the presence of BQ-123 did not significantly affect the vasodilator response to acetylcholine. Aerobic exercise training reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in PMW. Furthermore, decreased ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction is an important mechanism underlying aerobic exercise-induced improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in PMW. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to declines in endothelial function in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that aerobic exercise reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction in previously sedentary postmenopausal women. Moreover, aerobic exercise improved endothelial-dependent dilation due in part to the reductions in ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction; Endothelin-1; Acetylcholine; Postmenopause; Vasodilator Agents; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Endothelium, Vascular; Exercise; Regional Blood Flow
PubMed: 36961490
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2022 -
Journal of Attention Disorders Mar 2020The aim of the article is to review the evidence that aerobic exercise may be a useful adjunct treatment for ADHD. Studies on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial... (Review)
Review
The aim of the article is to review the evidence that aerobic exercise may be a useful adjunct treatment for ADHD. Studies on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of aerobic exercise that are relevant to ADHD are reviewed and evaluated. Stimulant medication, the main pharmacotherapy for ADHD, and aerobic exercise both act on catecholamine pathways. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be beneficial in preclinical studies on spontaneous hypertensive rats, an animal model of ADHD, and in clinical trials of children with ADHD, as an adjunct treatment to medication. Social and neurocognitive function in children and adults seem to be positively affected by exercise as well. Nevertheless, no controlled clinical trials in adults with ADHD have been conducted. Aerobic exercise may be a useful non-medication adjunct therapy for ADHD. The clinical effectiveness of aerobic exercise for ADHD in children and adults warrants further clinical studies.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Combined Modality Therapy; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans
PubMed: 27288905
DOI: 10.1177/1087054716652617 -
Occupational Therapy International 2022In recent years, people's living standards have been greatly improved, but at the same time, it also brings many health problems, among which mental health problems and...
OBJECTIVE
In recent years, people's living standards have been greatly improved, but at the same time, it also brings many health problems, among which mental health problems and sleep problems of college students are important problems. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of physical activity intervention on college students' mental health and provide a new way of thinking for colleges and universities to carry out mental health interventions.
METHODS
This paper focuses on the physical health problems of college students and explores the relationship between aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality among college students. The SPSS statistical method was used to analyze the differences in aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality among college students in terms of demographic variables; to explore the relationship between aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality; and to construct a structural equation model using the relationship between them. . This study explores the relationship between aerobic exercise and sleep quality and psychological health of college students, further analyzes the path model of the role of aerobic exercise and psychological health on sleep quality of college students, and verifies it through experiments, which proves to help universities and relevant departments understand the current situation of exercise and sleep quality of college students and provide timely and effective design of mandatory aerobic exercise courses for college students who lack exercise and have sleep problems. At the same time, it helps college students to understand their sleep situation and adjust their aerobic exercise courses according to their sleep status.
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Sleep Quality; Occupational Therapy; Students; Exercise; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 36300132
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8366857 -
Quarterly Journal of Experimental... Jul 2021Accumulating research provides suggestive evidence that acute aerobic exercise may, potentially, enhance episodic memory function post-exercise. Limited research has...
Accumulating research provides suggestive evidence that acute aerobic exercise may, potentially, enhance episodic memory function post-exercise. Limited research has evaluated whether acute resistance exercise may also enhance episodic memory post-exercise. Furthermore, whether these two exercise modalities have a differential effect on post-exercise episodic memory is relatively unknown. To address these research questions, three experimental studies were conducted ( = 104) among young adults (18-25 years). The experiments implemented acute bouts of aerobic or resistance exercise for 15 min. Episodic memory was comprehensively evaluated post-exercise with a list-learning paradigm and a computerised assessment of what-where-when aspects of episodic memory. Various manipulations (e.g., between vs. within-group) of the study design were implemented across the experiments. Across these three experiments, we failed to find consistent evidence of either type of acute exercise affecting episodic memory performance post-exercise.
Topics: Cognition; Exercise; Humans; Learning; Memory, Episodic; Resistance Training; Young Adult
PubMed: 33535923
DOI: 10.1177/1747021821994576 -
Acta Myologica : Myopathies and... Dec 2019Although performing exercise studies in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD) is difficult, the number of randomized controlled trials is steadily increasing.... (Review)
Review
Although performing exercise studies in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD) is difficult, the number of randomized controlled trials is steadily increasing. There is growing evidence for a positive effect of aerobic exercise in several NMD, on the other hand, the evidence for the effect of strength training is still scarce. Many NMD patients are captured in a vicious circle of physical inactivity, and it is important to let patients adhere to an active lifestyle, in order to prevent further chronic cardiovascular and muscle deconditioning and increased cardiovascular health risks. Exercise has to be prescribed as if it is medicine, in order to increase the adherence of patients and to optimize the efficacy of the intervention. Exercise in NMD is safe, although for some metabolic myopathies there is a contraindication for strenuous exercise. In NMD known to affect cardiac muscle, it is usually safe to exercise, but the consultation of a cardiologist is advised. Based on recent research, an increase in physical activity of moderate intensity and of sufficient duration, i.e. a physically active lifestyle, could be at least as effective and relevant as physical training. Underlying mechanisms of effect of exercise could be the influence of epigenetic mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise, but further studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Neuromuscular Diseases; Physical Conditioning, Human; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Resistance Training
PubMed: 31970319
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Cardiology Reports Nov 2023Although there is extensive research on how much aerobic exercise to prescribe in order to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Although there is extensive research on how much aerobic exercise to prescribe in order to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality, there is limited research on how much resistance exercise to prescribe. This review is to help fill important gaps in knowledge on effective minimum dose, beneficial optimum dose, and safe maximum dose of resistance exercise for CVD prevention and longevity.
RECENT FINDINGS
In contrast to aerobic exercise where "some is good, more is better," recent observational studies suggested a J-shaped relation where more time in resistance exercise was associated with lower CVD risk and mortality only up to 40-60 min/week, beyond which risk reductions attenuated or even disappeared. While it remains unclear, postulated mechanisms that may underlie the higher CVD risk and mortality with higher resistance exercise doses include increased arterial stiffness and chronic inflammation. Current observational data suggest that "more may not be better" for dose-response relations of resistance exercise with CVD and mortality; however, this requires confirmation, especially from randomized controlled trials that directly test and compare multiple doses of resistance exercise. Until these data exist, it is prudent to recommend small doses of resistance exercise for cardiovascular health and longevity.
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Longevity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Heart
PubMed: 37837559
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01976-6 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Apr 2021
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 33766926
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01960221 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Jun 2020This review intends to characterize the recent literature pertaining to the role of aerobic exercise in the prevention of migraine. Areas of consensus within that... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review intends to characterize the recent literature pertaining to the role of aerobic exercise in the prevention of migraine. Areas of consensus within that literature may be used to guide clinical practice, allowing for the promulgation of evidence-based practice recommendations.
RECENT FINDINGS
The past decade has seen the publication of numerous high-quality studies that explore aspects of exercise's effects on migraine prevention, including its success as a stand-alone prevention strategy, as well as its non-inferiority to some pharmacologic preventive measures. Exercise often tops providers' lists of recommended lifestyle modifications that help reduce migraine burden. Biologically, exercise suppresses inflammatory modulators, including numerous cytokines, and stress hormones, like growth hormone and cortisol. Exercise has also been shown to affect microvascular health, which may be implicated in cortical spreading depression. Psychologically, there is evidence that exercise improves migraine self-efficacy and internalizes the locus of control, leading to reduced migraine burden. Randomized control trials have demonstrated that a sufficiently rigorous aerobic exercise regimen alone is sufficient to yield a statistically significant reduction in migraine frequency, intensity, and duration. Higher-intensity training appears to confer more benefit. Studies have also demonstrated non-inferiority of exercise compared with certain pharmacologic prophylactic interventions, like topiramate. However, the addition of exercise to a traditional preventive regimen may provide added benefit. Special populations, like those with comorbid neck pain or tension headache, may benefit from exercise; and patients who cannot tolerate high-impact exercise may even benefit from low-impact exercise like yoga. Therefore, exercise is a reasonable evidence-based recommendation for migraine prevention.
Topics: Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Humans; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 32529311
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00868-6 -
Immediate and short-term effects of single-task and motor-cognitive dual-task on executive function.PloS One 2023Executive function plays an important role in our daily life and can be affected by both single task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task (acute... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Executive function plays an important role in our daily life and can be affected by both single task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task (acute motor-cognitive training) interventions. Here we explored the immediate and short-term effect on executive function to texted whether dual-task interventions are more effective at promoting executive function.
METHODS
Forty-six young men were recruited (mean age: 20.65 years) and assigned randomly to aerobic exercise (n = 15), cognitive training (n = 15), or dual-task (n = 16) groups. Executive functions were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after intervention using Go/No-go, 2-back, and More-Odd-Shifting tests.
RESULTS
Working memory function improved after all three interventions (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 7.05, p = 0.001). Performance on the 2-back test was significantly better immediately after dual-task intervention (p = 0.038) and the response time was shorter (p = 0.023). Performance on the More-Odd-Shifting test improved over time (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 30.698, p = 0.01), both immediately after the dual-task intervention (p = 0.015), and 30 min later (p = 0.001). Shifting-test performance was also better immediately after (p = 0.005) and 30 min after (p < 0.001) aerobic exercise.
CONCLUSION
Executive function was enhanced by single-task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task interventions. The effect continued for 30 min after both the single-task aerobic exercise and the dual-task intervention. For short-term intervention, the dual-task was not more effective than either of the single tasks.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Executive Function; Cognition; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Memory, Short-Term
PubMed: 37585447
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290171 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Apr 2020To synthesise the existing literature investigating if acute aerobic exercise enhances the response to experimentally-induced neuroplasticity paradigms.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesise the existing literature investigating if acute aerobic exercise enhances the response to experimentally-induced neuroplasticity paradigms.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases Medline, PsycInfo and Embase was undertaken on 26 April 2018 and updated on 17 May 2019. Studies were included if they involved a bout of aerobic exercise; prescribed a bout of rest as a control condition; utilized a non-invasive brain stimulation paradigm to induce neuroplasticity; used TMS to assess neuroplasticity outcomes; participants were healthy 18-65year old males and females with no diagnosed neurological/psychological impairments.
RESULTS
Eight papers (containing 12 experiments) met inclusion criteria. All studies utilized cycling or treadmill exercise as their exercise modality, and exercise intensity ranged from low intensity continuous exercise to high-intensity interval exercise. Four neuroplasticity paradigms were employed including paired associative stimulation (PAS) (n=3), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) (n=2), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) (n=2) and transcranial direct current stimulation (n=1). Aerobic exercise enhanced neuroplastic responses (compared to rest) in seven of the 12 experiments.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides emerging evidence that acute aerobic exercise can enhance the response to experimentally-induced neuroplasticity paradigms. However, there remains great variability in the study design and reporting of effects in these studies and thus a more standardized approach is encouraged to better understand the relationship between acute aerobic exercise and neuroplasticity. Future studies should consider optimizing intensity, paradigms and duration of both exercise and neuroplasticity paradigms employed.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Motor Cortex; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 31759829
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.015