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Journal of Animal Science Aug 2021We evaluated the effects of applying a combination inoculant to four corn hybrids harvested at high moisture on their nutritive value and microbial populations. The...
A combination of Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus extended the aerobic stability of conventional and brown midrib mutants-corn hybrids ensiled at low dry matter concentrations by causing a major shift in their bacterial and fungal community.
We evaluated the effects of applying a combination inoculant to four corn hybrids harvested at high moisture on their nutritive value and microbial populations. The treatment design was the factorial combination of corn hybrids ensiled with (INO) and without (CON) inoculant. The hybrids were TMF2R737 (MCN), F2F817 (MBR), P2089YHR (PCN), and PI144XR (PBR), ensiled at dry matter (DM) concentrations of 30.5%, 26.3%, 31.1%, and 31.5%, respectively; MBR and PBR were brown midrib mutants (BMR). The inoculant contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 × 105 and 1 × 105 cfu/g of fresh corn). The experiment had a complete randomized design with treatments replicated six times. Corn was treated or not with inoculant, packed into 7.6 L bucket silos, and stored for 100 d. At d 0, the relative abundance (RA, %) of Enterobacteriaceae was lower in PBR vs. the other hybrids [51.3 vs. x¯ = (average of) 58.4] and in the case of fungi, incertae sedis (i.s.) Tremellales and Mucoraceae were more and less abundant, respectively, in conventional hybrids vs. BMRs (x¯= 25.8 vs. x¯ = 13.9 and x¯ = 3.64 vs. x¯ = 7.52; P < 0.04). After ensiling, INO had higher LAB (9.3 vs. 7.1 log cfu/g of fresh corn) and acetic acid (3.44% vs. 1.32% of DM) and lower yeast (3.1 vs. 4.6) and molds (1.5 vs. 3.0), and also extended the aerobic stability (582 vs. 111 h) but decreased DM recovery (95.6% vs. 97.4%) vs. CON (P < 0.02). Inoculation reduced bacterial phylogenetic diversity (6.75 vs. 14.4) but increased fungal observed taxonomical units (46 vs. 20) vs. CON (P < 0.01). Also, a higher relative abundance (RA) for Lactobacillaceae (99.2% vs. 75.7%) and lower for Enterobacteriaceae (0.28 vs. 9.93) was observed due to inoculation (P < 0.001). For fungi, INO had a lower RA compared to CON for Monascaceae (12.6 vs. 44.7) and increased i.s. Tremellales (8.0 vs. 1.2) and i.s. Saccharomycetales (6.4% vs. 0.3%; P < 0.006). Inoculation changed the diverse bacterial community found in the phyllosphere across hybrids to a taxonomically uneven one dominated by Lactobacillaceae. In the case of fungi, INO application increased the fungal diversity at d 100 mainly by reducing the dominance of Monascaceae vs. CON. In conclusion, the INO treatment overwhelmed the disparate microbial populations found across BMR and conventional hybrids ensiled at low DM concentrations and ensured a significant concentration of acetic acid that modified fungal populations and in turn extended the aerobic stability of all hybrids.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Fermentation; Lactobacillus; Mycobiome; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Phylogeny; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Silage; Zea mays
PubMed: 33959750
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab141 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jan 2022Simultaneous removal of selenite (Se), tellurite (Te) and nutrients by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was investigated. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated with...
Simultaneous removal of selenite (Se), tellurite (Te) and nutrients by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was investigated. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated with increasing Se and Te (up to 500 µM each) for 205 days to evaluate metalloid oxyanion and nutrient removal. AGS efficiently removed Se and Te by readily converting them to biomass associated forms. The total Se and Te removal efficiencies were higher at 98% and 99%, respectively. Formation of biomass-associated Se and Te was confirmed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Feeding of Se and Te elicited inhibitory action on ammonium removal initially, nonetheless removal performance was recovered during the subsequent cycles. Ammonium, total nitrogen and phosphorus removals were stabilized at 85%, 80% and 75%, respectively, at 500 µM of Se and Te. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene confirmed enrichment of known Se and Te reducing bacteria in the granules. qPCR and removal kinetics supported ammonia removal via nitritation-denitritation. This work demonstrates functional capabilities of AGS for effectively removing toxic Se and Te oxyanions apart from performing simultaneous COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Efficient biological nutrient removal in the presence of toxic Se and Te concentrations, suggests robustness of AGS and its resilience to toxic contaminants.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bioreactors; Biotransformation; Nanostructures; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 34399215
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126833 -
Bioresource Technology Nov 2021The study aimed to isolate a novel strain with heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification ability and evaluate the nitrogen removal characteristics. Results...
The study aimed to isolate a novel strain with heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification ability and evaluate the nitrogen removal characteristics. Results showed that Ochrobactrum anthropi HND19 could remove approximately 98.6% of NH-N (104.3 mg·L) and 97.6% of NO-N (98.6 mg·L), and the removal rates achieved 4.28 and 4.01 mg-N/(L·h) by heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. The optimal incubate conditions of strain HND19 were 120 rpm (shaking speed), 5 ‰ (salinity), 30 °C (temperature), 7.5 (C/N ratio) with sodium acetate as carbon resource. And the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen (TN) realized 73.4% under the optimal conditions. Functional genes (hao, napA, nirK, norB, and nosZ) involved in the nitrogen removal processes were successfully amplified from strain HND19. These findings indicate that the strain HND19 possesses great application feasibility in treating wastewater with high-intensity nitrogen.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Denitrification; Heterotrophic Processes; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Ochrobactrum anthropi
PubMed: 34332445
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125582 -
Bioresource Technology Mar 2022The utilization of actinomycetes as the bioresources for heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification is rarely reported due to the lack of work to explore...
The utilization of actinomycetes as the bioresources for heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification is rarely reported due to the lack of work to explore their nitrogen biodegradation capabilities. Streptomyces mediolani EM-B2 belonging to actinomycetes could effectively remove high concentration of multiple nitrogen forms, and the maximum removal rates of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite reached 3.46 mg/(L·h), 1.71 mg/(L·h) and 1.73 mg/(L·h), respectively. Nitrite was preferentially consumed from the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction system. Nitrogen balance analysis uncovered that more than 37% of the initial total nitrogen was converted to nitrogenous gas by aerobic denitrification. Experiments with specific inhibitors of nitrification and denitrification revealed that strain EM-B2 contained ammonia monooxygenase, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, nitrate reductase and nitrite oxidoreductase, which were successfully expressed and detected as 0.43, 0.59, 0.12 and 0.005 U/mg proteins, respectively. These findings may provide new insights into the actinomycetes for bioremediation of nitrogen pollution wastewater.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Ammonium Compounds; Denitrification; Heterotrophic Processes; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Streptomyces
PubMed: 35134523
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126819 -
Journal of Environmental Management Oct 2020Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a type of biofilm with good sedimentation and density, high biomass, high organic load tolerance and toxicity resistance....
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a type of biofilm with good sedimentation and density, high biomass, high organic load tolerance and toxicity resistance. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic widely used in livestock and aquaculture, and its low absorption and high residue bring many risks and harms to the ecological environment. In this study, an OTC-degrading strain TJ3 was isolated from AGS and identified as Pandoraea sp. The biodegradation characteristics of OTC by strain TJ3 under different environmental conditions were also investigated. The results showed that the optimal initial pH value and temperature for the culture strain were 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively. At an inoculation dose of 6% (v/v), the removal rate of OTC by strain TJ3 was remarkable (59.4%). Furthermore, when the sodium acetate was present as an additional substrate, the biomass and the OTC removal rate of strain TJ3 were improved. The biodegradability of strain TJ3 to OTC was proved by LC-QTOF/MS, and two possible biotransformation products, i.e. m/z 416 and 219, were identified. In the bioaugmentation experiments of AGS by strain TJ3, the average OTC removal rate was 92.89% after the stable operation of bioreactor. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were efficiently removed. The microbial community structure had significantly changed at the genus level, and the relative abundance of Zoogloea, Pandoraea, Cloacibacterium and Desulfovibrio increased evidently. These results implied that the OTC removal performance and the structural stability of AGS were improved. In this study, Pandoraea sp. TJ3 was applied to removal OTC for the first time, and results showed that Pandoraea sp. TJ3 may be a new auxiliary bacterial resource for the biodegradation of OTC and a potential candidate in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteria; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Oxytetracycline; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 32738758
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111115 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... May 2020Mitochondrial shape is dynamically changed by fusion and fission processes in cells, and dysfunction of this process has become one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer....
BACKGROUND
Mitochondrial shape is dynamically changed by fusion and fission processes in cells, and dysfunction of this process has become one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. However, the expression patterns and biological effects of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins in pancreatic cancer (PC) are still unclear.
METHODS
The expressions of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins were first evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in both PC cell lines and tissue samples. In addition, the biologic functions of the differentially expressed proteins in PC cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo and their potential underlying mechanisms were systematically explored.
RESULTS
We first found that DRP1 was substantially upregulated in PC cell lines and tissue samples mainly due to the downregulation of miR-29a, which contributed to the poor survival of PC patients. DRP1 promoted the growth and metastasis of PC cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing G1-S cell cycle transition and matrix metalloproteinase 2 secretion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that increased DRP1 upregulation-mediated mitochondrial fission and subsequently enhanced aerobic glycolysis were involved in the promotion of growth and metastasis by DRP1 in PC cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial fusion protein DRP1 plays a critical oncogenic role in PC cells by enhancing aerobic glycolysis, which could serve as a novel therapeutic target for PC treatment.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Dynamins; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycolysis; Humans; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 31674061
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14912 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Feb 2023This paper presents an assessment of the start-up performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for the treatment of low-strength (chemical oxygen demand,...
This paper presents an assessment of the start-up performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for the treatment of low-strength (chemical oxygen demand, COD < 200 mg/L) domestic wastewater by the application of a diatomite carrier. The feasibility was evaluated in terms of the start-up period and stability of the aerobic granules as well as COD and phosphate removal efficiencies. A single pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used and operated separately for the control granulation and granulation with diatomite. Complete granulation (granulation rate ≥ 90%) was achieved within 20 days for the case of diatomite with an average influent COD concentration of 184 mg/L. In comparison, control granulation required 85 days to accomplish the same feat with a higher average influent COD concentration (253 mg/L). The presence of diatomite solidifies the core of the granules and enhances physical stability. AGS with diatomite recorded the strength and sludge volume index of 18 IC and 53 mL/g suspended solids (SS) which is superior to control AGS without diatomite (19.3 IC, 81 mL/g SS). Quick start-up and achievement of stable granules lead to an efficient COD (89%) and phosphate removal (74%) in 50 days of bioreactor operation. Interestingly, this study revealed that diatomite has some special mechanism in enhancing the removal of both COD and phosphate. Also, diatomite has a significant influence on microbial diversity. The result of this research implies that the advanced development of granular sludge by using diatomite can provide promising low-strength wastewater treatment.
Topics: Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Aerobiosis; Environmental Monitoring; Phosphates; Water Purification; Bioreactors; Nitrogen
PubMed: 36809517
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11028-9 -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Nov 2020Oxygen is fundamental to the life of aerobic organisms and is not always available to Paracoccidioides cells. During the life cycle stages, reduced oxygen levels...
Oxygen is fundamental to the life of aerobic organisms and is not always available to Paracoccidioides cells. During the life cycle stages, reduced oxygen levels directly affect general metabolic processes and oxygen adaptation mechanisms may play a fundamental role on fungal ability to survive under such condition. Heme proteins can bind to oxygen and participate in important biological processes. Several fungi, including Paracoccidioides, express a heme-binding globin (fungoglobin - FglA) presumable to regulate fungal adaptation to hypoxia. However, the characterization of fungoglobin in Paracoccidioides spp. has not yet been performed. In this study, we predicted the structure of fungoglobin and determined its level of expression during hypoxic-mimetic conditions. Genomic screening revealed that the fungoglobin gene is conserved in all species of the Paracoccidioides genus. Molecular modeling showed biochemical and biophysical characteristics that support the hypothesis that FglA binds to the heme group and oxygen as well. The fungoglobin transcript and proteins are expressed at higher levels at the early treatment time, remaining elevated while oxygen is limited. A P. brasiliensis fglA knockdown strain depicted reduced growth in hypoxia indicating that this protein can be essential for growth at low oxygen. Biochemical analysis confirmed the binding of fungoglobin to heme. Initial analyzes were carried out to establish the relationship between FlglA and iron metabolism. The FglA transcript was up regulated in pulmonary infection, suggesting its potential role in the disease establishment. We believe that this study can contribute to the understanding of fungal biology and open new perspectives for scientific investigations.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Cell Hypoxia; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Heme; Hemeproteins; Oxygen; Paracoccidioides
PubMed: 32822859
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103446 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2022Most bacteria live in microbial assemblages like biofilms and granules, and each layer of these assemblages provides a niche for certain bacteria with specific metabolic...
Most bacteria live in microbial assemblages like biofilms and granules, and each layer of these assemblages provides a niche for certain bacteria with specific metabolic functions. In this study, a gentle (non-destructive) extraction approach based on a cation exchange resin and defined shear was employed to gradually disintegrate biomass and collect single layers of aerobic granules from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. The microbial community composition of granule layers was characterized using next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the 16S rRNA gene, and protein composition was investigated using metaproteomics. The chemical composition of eroded layers was explored using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy. On the surface of the granules, the microbial structure (flocculation-supporting Nannocystis sp.) as well as composition of extracellular polymers (extracellular DNA) and proteome (chaperonins and binding proteins) favored microbial aggregation. Extracellular polymeric substances in the granules were composed of mostly proteins and EPS-producers, such as Tetrasphaera sp. and Zoogloea sp., were evenly distributed throughout the granule structure. The interior of the granules harbored several denitrifiers (e.g., Thauera sp.), phosphate-accumulating denitrifiers (Candidatus Accumulibacter, Dechloromonas sp.) and nitrifiers (Candidatus Nitrotoga). Proteins associated with glycolytic activity were identified in the outer and middle granule layers, and proteins associated with phosphorus conversions, in the deeper layers. In conclusion, the use of an existing cation-exchange resin for gradual biomass disintegration, combined with NGS and metaproteomic analysis was demonstrated as a promising approach for simultaneously investigating the identity and functions of microbes in multilayered biofilm structures.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bioreactors; Microbiota; Proteins; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 35276168
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154253 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Mar 2020Continuous hemodialysis system monitoring is necessary to prevent microorganism growth and health problems. This study evaluates single- and dual-species biofilm...
Continuous hemodialysis system monitoring is necessary to prevent microorganism growth and health problems. This study evaluates single- and dual-species biofilm formation in microtiter plates by using dialysis solutions under aerobiosis or 5% CO atmosphere. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida parapsilosis sensu lato, and Mycobacterium smegmatis produce single-species biofilms in all dialysis solutions in both oxygenation conditions. Dual-species biofilm cultures grown at 5% CO atmosphere and in dialysate containing glucose reveal that M. smegmatis benefits from its association with C. parapsilosis. The dialysate and its constituent solutions support the growth of all the mono-species and the inter-kingdom mycobacterial/yeast biofilms in both aerobiosis and microaerophilic conditions.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteria; Biofilms; Dialysis Solutions; Fungi; Humans; Mycobacterium; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 31955953
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114870