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Ageing Research Reviews Jul 2021Aging as an irretrievable occurrence throughout the entire life is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functionality and enhanced disease... (Review)
Review
Aging as an irretrievable occurrence throughout the entire life is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functionality and enhanced disease vulnerability. Numerous studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), correlate with aging and age-related diseases. Several investigations have attempted to predict chronological age using the age-related alterations in the DNAm of certain CpG sites. Here we categorize different studies that tracked the aging process in the DNAm landscape to show how epigenetic age clocks evolved from a chronological age estimator to an indicator of lifespan and healthspan. We also describe the health and disease predictive potential of estimated epigenetic age acceleration regarding different clinical conditions and lifestyle factors. Considering the revealed age-related epigenetic changes, the recent age-reprogramming strategies are discussed which are promising methods for resetting the aging clocks.
Topics: Aging; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Humans
PubMed: 33684551
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101314 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jul 2023Diet may influence biological aging and the discrepancy (∆age) between a subject's biological age (BA) and chronological age (CA). We aimed to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
Diet may influence biological aging and the discrepancy (∆age) between a subject's biological age (BA) and chronological age (CA). We aimed to investigate the correlation of dietary flavonoids with the ∆age of organs (heart, kidney, liver) and the whole body.
METHOD
A total of 3193 United States adults were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2008 and 2017-2018. Dietary flavonoids intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of dietary flavonoids intake with the ∆age of organs (heart, kidney, liver) and the whole body. BA was computed based on circulating biomarkers, and the resulting ∆age was tested as an outcome in linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
The ∆age of the whole body, heart, and liver was inversely associated with higher flavonoids intake (the whole body ∆age β = - 0.58, cardiovascular ∆age β = - 0.96, liver ∆age β = - 3.19) after adjustment for variables. However, higher flavonoids intake positively related to renal ∆age (β = 0.40) in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Associations were influenced by population characteristics, such as age, health behavior, or chronic diseases. Anthocyanidins, isoflavones and flavones had the strongest inverse associations between the whole body ∆age and cardiovascular ∆age among all the flavonoids subclasses.
CONCLUSION
Flavonoids intake positively contributes to delaying the biological aging process, especially in the heart, and liver organ, which may be beneficial for reducing the long-term risk of cardiovascular or liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Flavonoids; Nutrition Surveys; Heart; Liver; Aging
PubMed: 37480074
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04321-1 -
Public Health Jul 2019The incidence and mortality trends of prostate cancer remain unknown in China. We examined secular trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates and the net...
OBJECTIVES
The incidence and mortality trends of prostate cancer remain unknown in China. We examined secular trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates and the net age, period, and cohort effects on them.
STUDY DESIGN
Trends were estimated using joinpoint regression, and the net age, period, and cohort effects were estimated by an age-period-cohort (APC) model with an intrinsic estimator (IE) algorithm.
METHODS
Age-specific mortality rates of prostate cancer (1990-2017) were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) and relative risks (RRs) analyzed by joinpoint regression and APC model.
RESULTS
Age-standardized rates significantly rose by 2.75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 2.9) for incidence but declined by 0.26% (95% CI: -0.4, -0.2) for mortality from 1990 to 2017. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that incidence rates significantly rose in all age groups, but mortality rates decreased in these age groups over the past three decades. In addition, compared to the younger age groups (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40-44 age group), the older age groups (50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and 75-79 age group) showed more substantial increases in incidence and slighter declines in mortality. The age effect on incidence and mortality showed sharp increasing trends from 40 to 79 years, and period effect showed both of them continuously increased with advancing period, but cohort effect showed substantial decreasing trends from 1917-1921 to 2002-2006 birth cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
Age effect on incidence and mortality presented an increasing trend in older people, and period effect showed increasing trends. The incidence rate of prostate cancer is increasing at an alarming rate in all age groups, which may adversely impact the mortality rates. Mortality began to increase since 2005; thus, timely intervention should be conducted, especially for earlier birth cohorts at high risk.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; China; Cohort Effect; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 31220754
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.016 -
Population Studies Jul 2022Chronological age, in conjunction with population life tables, is widely used for estimating future life expectancy. The aims of this study are to estimate a subjective...
Chronological age, in conjunction with population life tables, is widely used for estimating future life expectancy. The aims of this study are to estimate a subjective ageing indicator, namely self-rated age, and to evaluate its concurrent validity in comparison with other age indicators: subjective survival probabilities, subjective age, and biological age. We use data from the Wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, Wave 12 of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States, and life tables from the Human Mortality Database. For the statistical analysis we use multinomial regression models. Our results indicate that health status and frequency of physical activities imply similar patterns of self- rated age, subjective survival probabilities, subjective age, and biological age. However, the impact of cognitive function differs by geographical region. Self-rated age can be interpreted as a subjective adjustment that better reflects the ageing process.
Topics: Aging; Health Status; Humans; Life Expectancy; Retirement; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 35164652
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2030490 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology May 2022To perform an updated Markov modeling to assess the optimal age for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To perform an updated Markov modeling to assess the optimal age for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication.
METHODS
We performed a literature review that assessed hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality by disease, age, hysterectomy with or without BSO, and estrogen therapy use. Base mortality rates were derived from national vital statistics data. A Markov model from reported HRs predicted the proportion of the population staying alive to age 80 years by 1-year and 5-year age groups at time of surgery, from age 45 to 55 years. Those younger than age 50 years were modeled as either taking postoperative estrogen or not; those 50 and older were modeled as not receiving estrogen. Computations were performed with R 3.5.1, using Bayesian integration for HR uncertainty.
RESULTS
Performing salpingo-oophorectomy before age 50 years for those not taking estrogen yields a lower survival proportion to age 80 years than hysterectomy alone before age 50 years (52.8% [Bayesian CI 40.7-59.7] vs 63.5% [Bayesian CI 62.2-64.9]). At or after age 50 years, there were similar proportions of those living to age 80 years with hysterectomy alone (66.4%, Bayesian CI 65.0-67.6) compared with concurrent salpingo-oophorectomy (66.9%, Bayesian CI 64.4-69.0). Importantly, those taking estrogen when salpingo-oophorectomy was performed before age 50 years had similar proportions of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and people living to age 80 years as those undergoing hysterectomy alone or those undergoing hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy at age 50 years and older.
CONCLUSION
This updated Markov model argues for the consideration of concurrent salpingo-oophorectomy for patients who are undergoing hysterectomy at age 50 and older and suggests that initiating estrogen in those who need salpingo-oophorectomy before age 50 years mitigates increased mortality risk.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Ovariectomy; Salpingo-oophorectomy
PubMed: 35576331
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004732 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2020Age can be evaluated according to many criteria. Of course the objective measure is the calendar age which may differ from the biological age. The biological age more or...
Age can be evaluated according to many criteria. Of course the objective measure is the calendar age which may differ from the biological age. The biological age more or less correlates with the vascular age. The concept of vascular age is based on the statement that “An individual is as old as his blood vessels”. The process of vascular aging already starts in childhood. Arterial aging may essentially be viewed from two standpoints. First, it involves stiffening of arteries and loss of their elasticity; second, degenerative changes and formation of atherosclerotic plaques occur, being the cause of ischemia, especially in case of the development of atherothrombosis. Both these processes can be monitored: The change of elasticity (arteriosclerosis) mainly by examination of pulse wave velocity (PWV), atherosclerosis then primarily with non-invasive methods, ultrasound or CT angiography examination. From the clinical point of view it is particularly important whether we can influence vascular age in some way. Evidence is available now that atherosclerosis can be affected by hypolipidemic treatment, arteriosclerosis then in particular by ACE inhibitors. The aforementioned possibility of influencing vascular age brings us to another problem, which is compliance of patients. With regard to that it is good that in a situation where we have two drugs affecting vascular age, we can use their fixed combination. It is available as a combination of atorvastatin and perindopril.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Atherosclerosis; Child; Elasticity; Humans; Middle Aged; Perindopril; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Stiffness; Young Adult
PubMed: 32013519
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Brain Research Sep 2022Our judgement of certain facial characteristics such as emotion, attractiveness or age, is affected by context. Faces that are flanked by younger faces, for example, are...
Our judgement of certain facial characteristics such as emotion, attractiveness or age, is affected by context. Faces that are flanked by younger faces, for example, are perceived as being younger, whereas faces flanked by older faces are perceived as being older. Here, we investigated whether contextual effects in age perception are moderated by own age effects. On each trial, a target face was presented on the screen, which was flanked by two faces. Flanker faces were either identical to the target face, were 10 years younger or 10 years older than the target face. We asked 40 older (64-69 years) and 43 younger adults (24-29) to estimate the age of the target face. Our results replicated previous studies and showed that context affects age estimation of faces flanked by target faces of different ages. These context effects were more pronounced for younger compared to older flankers but present across both tested age groups. An own-age advantage was observed for older adults for unflanked faces who had larger estimation errors for younger faces compared to older faces and younger adults. Flanker effects, however, were not moderated by own-age effects. It is likely that the increased effect of younger flankers is due to mechanisms related to perceptual averaging.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Emotions; Humans; Judgment; Perception
PubMed: 35984482
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06411-w -
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis... Jan 2022Despite the remarkable progress in face recognition related technologies, reliably recognizing faces across ages remains a big challenge. The appearance of a human face...
Despite the remarkable progress in face recognition related technologies, reliably recognizing faces across ages remains a big challenge. The appearance of a human face changes substantially over time, resulting in significant intra-class variations. As opposed to current techniques for age-invariant face recognition, which either directly extract age-invariant features for recognition, or first synthesize a face that matches target age before feature extraction, we argue that it is more desirable to perform both tasks jointly so that they can leverage each other. To this end, we propose a deep Age-Invariant Model (AIM) for face recognition in the wild with three distinct novelties. First, AIM presents a novel unified deep architecture jointly performing cross-age face synthesis and recognition in a mutual boosting way. Second, AIM achieves continuous face rejuvenation/aging with remarkable photorealistic and identity-preserving properties, avoiding the requirement of paired data and the true age of testing samples. Third, effective and novel training strategies are developed for end-to-end learning of the whole deep architecture, which generates powerful age-invariant face representations explicitly disentangled from the age variation. Moreover, we construct a new large-scale Cross-Age Face Recognition (CAFR) benchmark dataset to facilitate existing efforts and push the frontiers of age-invariant face recognition research. Extensive experiments on both our CAFR dataset and several other cross-age datasets (MORPH, CACD, and FG-NET) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AIM model over the state-of-the-arts. Benchmarking our model on the popular unconstrained face recognition datasets YTF and IJB-C additionally verifies its promising generalization ability in recognizing faces in the wild.
Topics: Aging; Algorithms; Face; Facial Recognition; Humans; Learning
PubMed: 32750831
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2020.3011426 -
The International Journal of Angiology... Mar 2021Coronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture cause coronary artery disease (CAD). Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor RAGE,... (Review)
Review
Coronary artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture cause coronary artery disease (CAD). Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor RAGE, and soluble receptor (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. AGE and its interaction with RAGE are atherogenic, while sRAGE and esRAGE have antiatherogenic effects. AGE-RAGE stress is a ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high AGE-RAGE stress results in development and progression of CAD and vice-versa. AGE levels in serum and skin, AGE/sRAGE in patients with CAD, and expression of RAGE in animal model of atherosclerosis were higher, while serum levels of esRAGE were lower in patients with CAD compared with controls. Serum levels of sRAGE in CAD patients were contradictory, increased or decreased. This contradictory data may be due to type of patients used, because the sRAGE levels are elevated in diabetics and end-stage renal disease. AGE/sRAGE ratio is elevated in patients with reduced or elevated levels of serum sRAGE. It is to stress that AGE, RAGE, sRAGE, or esRAGE individually cannot serve as universal biomarker. AGE and sRAGE should be measured simultaneously to assess the AGE-RAGE stress. The treatment of CAD should be targeted at reduction in AGE levels, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress would initiate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Treatment modalities would prevent, regress, and slow the progression of CAD.
PubMed: 34025091
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721813