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Biogerontology Jun 2023Ageing is a phenomenon in which cells, tissues and organs undergo systemic pathological changes as individuals age, leading to the occurrence of ageing-related diseases... (Review)
Review
Ageing is a phenomenon in which cells, tissues and organs undergo systemic pathological changes as individuals age, leading to the occurrence of ageing-related diseases and the end of life. It is associated with many phenotypes known as ageing characteristics, such as genomic instability, nutritional imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, stem cell depletion, and an altered microenvironment. The sirtuin family (SIRT), known as longevity proteins, is thought to delay ageing and prolong life, and mammals, including humans, have seven family members (SIRT1-7). SIRT4 has been studied less among the sirtuin family thus far, but it has been reported that it has important physiological functions in organisms, such as promoting DNA damage repair, participating in the energy metabolism of three substances, inhibiting inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, and regulating mitochondrial function. Recently, some studies have demonstrated the involvement of SIRT4 in age-related processes, but knowledge in this field is still scarce. Therefore, this review aims to analyse the relationship between SIRT4 and ageing characteristics as well as some age-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aging; Cellular Senescence; Longevity; Neoplasms; Sirtuins; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mammals; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37067687
DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10022-5 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2023The arterial myogenic response is an inherent property of resistance arteries. Myogenic tone is crucial for maintaining a relatively constant blood flow in response to... (Review)
Review
The arterial myogenic response is an inherent property of resistance arteries. Myogenic tone is crucial for maintaining a relatively constant blood flow in response to changes in intraluminal pressure and protects delicate organs from excessive blood flow. Although this fundamental physiological phenomenon has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies identified a crucial role of mechano-activated angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) in this process. The development of myogenic response is affected by aging. In this review, we summarize recent progress made to understand the role of AT1R and other mechanosensors in the control of arterial myogenic response. We discuss age-related alterations in myogenic response and possible underlying mechanisms and implications for healthy aging.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Arteries; Mice, Knockout; Aging
PubMed: 36470339
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101813 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Alongside rapid population ageing, we are experiencing increasing numbers of people with cognitive impairment and dementia. There is great scientific effort being...
Alongside rapid population ageing, we are experiencing increasing numbers of people with cognitive impairment and dementia. There is great scientific effort being committed to understanding cognitive and brain functioning, with the aim of helping to promote healthy ageing and independence, and improve quality of life. This Cognitive Ageing Collection brings together cutting-edge research using a variety of methods and from diverse disciplinary perspectives, with example topics including cognitive strategies, genetic risk factors, and emotion regulation. Articles in the Collection highlight advances in our understanding of cognitive and brain health, and outline important directions for future research.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Aging; Cognition; Aging
PubMed: 38740780
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60763-7 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Age is a crucial prognostic factor across clinical specialities with significant implications for medical practice. Increasingly, "biological age" is being used as a... (Review)
Review
Age is a crucial prognostic factor across clinical specialities with significant implications for medical practice. Increasingly, "biological age" is being used as a more relevant age marker in a clinical context and is heavily integrated into the medical use of AI. This review describes the current knowledge about molecular biological and genetic aging-related changes associated with the genome and epigenome, used for biological age determination. It explores the potential causes of these changes and provides an update on treatment status and "rejuvenation" of these genome-related factors.
Topics: Humans; Genome, Human; Aging; Rejuvenation
PubMed: 38235775
DOI: 10.61409/V08230536 -
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Nov 2022Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are... (Review)
Review
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
Topics: Animals; Longevity; Aging; Metformin; Caloric Restriction; Cognition
PubMed: 36377361
DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.36 -
The Lancet. Healthy Longevity Dec 2021As the demographic transition enters a new stage of a longevity transition, focus needs to extend beyond an ageing society towards a longevity society. An ageing society... (Review)
Review
As the demographic transition enters a new stage of a longevity transition, focus needs to extend beyond an ageing society towards a longevity society. An ageing society focuses on changes in the age structure of the population, whereas a longevity society seeks to exploit the advantages of longer lives through changes in how we age. Achieving a longevity society requires substantial changes in the life course and social norms, and involves an epidemiological transition towards a focus on delaying the negative effects of ageing. The broad changes required to achieve healthy longevity include an increased focus on healthy life expectancy, a shift from intervention towards preventive health, a major public health agenda to avoid increases in health inequality, the establishment of longevity councils to ensure coordinated policy across government departments, and intergenerational assessment of policies, to ensure that in adapting to longer lives, policies are not skewed towards older people. A longevity society represents a new stage for humanity and requires deep-seated notions about age and ageing to be challenged if society is to make the best use of the additional time that longevity brings.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Health Status; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Longevity; Public Health
PubMed: 36098038
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00247-6 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2023The destructive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the elderly and people with cardiovascular disease have been proven. New findings shed light on the... (Review)
Review
The destructive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the elderly and people with cardiovascular disease have been proven. New findings shed light on the role of aging pathways on life span and health age. New therapies that focus on aging-related pathways may positively impact the treatment of this acute respiratory infection. Using new therapies that boost the level of the immune system can support the elderly with co-morbidities against the acute form of COVID-19. This article discusses the effect of the aging immune system against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pathways affecting this severity of infection.
Topics: Humans; Aged; COVID-19; Immunosenescence; SARS-CoV-2; Aging; Immune System
PubMed: 36516928
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101818 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Sep 2020Aging is a powerful risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases including dementia. Research based on disease models of dementia have yet to yield effective... (Review)
Review
Aging is a powerful risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases including dementia. Research based on disease models of dementia have yet to yield effective treatments, therefore it is opportune to consider whether the aging process itself might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of dementia. Numerous cellular and molecular pathways have been implicated in the aging process and compounds that target these processes are being developed to slow aging and delay the onset of age-associated conditions. A few particularly promising therapeutic agents have been shown to influence many of the main hallmarks of aging and increase life span in rodents. Here we discuss the evidence that some of these antiaging compounds may beneficially affect brain aging and thereby lower the risk for dementia.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Humans
PubMed: 31125402
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz135 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Mar 2021All aspects of each protein existence in the eukaryotic cells, starting from the pre-translation events, through translation, multiple different post-translational... (Review)
Review
All aspects of each protein existence in the eukaryotic cells, starting from the pre-translation events, through translation, multiple different post-translational modifications, functional life and eventual proteostatic removal after loss of functionality and changes in physico-chemical properties, can be collectively called the proteodynamics. With aging, passing of time as well as accumulating effects of exposures, interactions and wearing-off lead to problems at each of the above mentioned stages, eventually leading to general malfunction of the proteome. This work briefly reviews and summarizes current knowledge concerning this important topic.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Autophagy; Calpain; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Longevity; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteins; Proteostasis
PubMed: 33421431
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111430 -
Cellular Immunology Apr 2021The challenge of distinguishing between changes attributable to ageing and those attributable to pathology is even greater for the immune system than for many other... (Review)
Review
The challenge of distinguishing between changes attributable to ageing and those attributable to pathology is even greater for the immune system than for many other organs, and this is especially true for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Hematopoiesis is different in older adults with a bias towards myelopoiesis, and older adults also manifest "inflammageing" exacerbated by disease and contributing to MDSC induction. Hence, at least in humans, one can only investigate MDSCs in the context of ageing and disease states, and not in the context of ageing processes per se. This contribution provides a brief overview of the literature on MDSCs and ageing in humans.
Topics: Aging; Humans; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
PubMed: 33550187
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104297