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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Albumins from animals are highly cross-reactive allergens for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. Approximately 20-30% of cat and dog... (Review)
Review
Albumins from animals are highly cross-reactive allergens for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. Approximately 20-30% of cat and dog allergic patients show IgE reactivity and mount IgE-mediated allergic reactions to cat and dog albumin. It is astonishing that allergic patients can develop specific IgE responses against animal albumins because these proteins exhibit a more than 70% sequence identity to human serum albumin (HSA) which is the most abundant protein in the blood of the human body. The sequence identity of cat albumin (Fel d 2) and dog albumin (Can f 3) and HSA are 82% and 80%, respectively. Given the high degree of sequence identity between the latter two allergens and HSA one would expect that immunological tolerance would prohibit IgE sensitization to Fel d 2 and Can f 3. Here we discuss two possibilities for how IgE sensitization to Fel d 2 and Can f 3 may develop. One possibility is the failed development of immune tolerance in albumin-allergic patients whereas the other possibility is highly selective immune tolerance to HSA but not to Fel d 2 and Can f 3. If the first assumption is correct it should be possible to detect HSA-specific T cell responses and HSA-containing immune complexes in sensitized patients. In the latter scenario few differences in the sequences of Fel d 2 and Can f 3 as compared to HSA would be responsible for the development of selective T cell and B cell responses towards Fel d 2 as well as Can f 3. However, the immunological mechanisms of albumin sensitization have not yet been investigated in detail although this will be important for the development of allergen-specific prevention and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) strategies for allergy to albumin.
Topics: Humans; Cats; Animals; Dogs; Albumins; Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E; Serum Albumin, Human
PubMed: 37928538
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241518 -
Disease Markers 2021Albumin is one of the most abundant proteins in the body of mammals: about 40% of its pool is located in the intravascular space and the remainder is found in the... (Review)
Review
Albumin is one of the most abundant proteins in the body of mammals: about 40% of its pool is located in the intravascular space and the remainder is found in the interstitial space. The content of this multifunctional protein in blood is about 60-65% of total plasma proteins. A decrease in its synthesis or changes of functional activity can destabilize oncotic blood pressure, cause a violation of transporting hormones, fatty acids, metals, and drugs. Albumin properties change under ischemic attacks associated with oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species, and acidosis. Under these conditions, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is generated that has a reduced metal-binding capacity, especially for transition metals, such as copper, nickel, and cobalt. The method of determining the cobalt-binding capability of HSA was initially proposed to evaluate IMA level and then licensed as an ACB test for routine clinical analysis for myocardial ischemia. Subsequent studies have shown the viability of the ACB test in diagnosing other diseases associated with the development of oxidative stress. This review examines recent data on IMA generation mechanisms, describes principles, advantages, and limitations of methods for evaluation of IMA levels, and provides detailed analysis of its use in diagnostic and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in different diseases.
Topics: Albumins; Biomarkers; Humans; Ischemia
PubMed: 34336009
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9945424 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Jan 2022Chemoresistance is a main obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment, but its molecular mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Here, we aim to reveal the underlying...
BACKGROUND
Chemoresistance is a main obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment, but its molecular mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Here, we aim to reveal the underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) resistance in GC.
METHODS
We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on samples from patients who were resistant or sensitive to nab-paclitaxel, and identified Zinc Finger Protein 64 (ZFP64) as critical for nab-paclitaxel resistance in GC. CCK8, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, sphere formation assays were performed to investigate the effects of ZFP64 in vitro, while subcutaneous tumor formation models were established in nude mice or humanized mice to evaluate the biological roles of ZFP64 in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (CHIP-seq) and double-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of ZFP64.
RESULTS
ZFP64 overexpression was linked with aggressive phenotypes, nab-paclitaxel resistance and served as an independent prognostic factor in GC. As a transcription factor, ZFP64 directly binds to Galectin-1 (GAL-1) promoter and promoted GAL-1 transcription, thus inducing stem-cell like phenotypes and immunosuppressive microenvironment in GC. Importantly, compared to treatment with nab-paclitaxel alone, nab-paclitaxel plus GAL-1 blockade significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect in mouse models, particularly in humanized mice.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data support a pivotal role for ZFP64 in GC progression by simultaneously promoting cellular chemotherapy resistance and tumor immunosuppression. Treatment with the combination of nab-paclitaxel and a GAL-1 inhibitor might benefit a subgroup of GC patients.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Cell Movement; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Male; Mice; Nuclear Proteins; Paclitaxel; Prospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Transfection; Tumor Microenvironment; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 34996504
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02224-x -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Dec 2019Human albumin is an expensive therapy with inappropriate use in many clinical conditions. Inappropriate use of albumin imposes a substantial economic burden on the...
BACKGROUND
Human albumin is an expensive therapy with inappropriate use in many clinical conditions. Inappropriate use of albumin imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system and society. Drug use evaluation (DUE) is one method of assessing the appropriateness of drug use which has been powered by increasing concern about the cost-effectiveness of drugs. The objective of this study is to systematically review the appropriateness of albumin utilization in Iranian hospitals.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for articles in English and SID, Magiran, Medlib, and Irandoc for articles in Persian from 1997 to 2018. Studies on the DUE of albumin in Iranian hospitals were included in this study. Articles conducted outside Iran, editorials, letters and review articles were excluded.
RESULTS
In total, eight studies were selected for the final review. The majority of the papers were conducted in Tehran. In most studies, the highest albumin consumption was related to the intensive care unit. The most frequent reasons for prescribing albumin were edema, hypoalbuminemia, volume expansion after heart surgery, ascites, cardiac surgery and cirrhosis. Of the studies included, five studies evaluated the costs of drug use.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show that inappropriate use of albumin imposes a relatively high additional cost on the society. The included studies show that the percentage of inappropriate use of albumin is relatively high in Iran and this abuse is an essential problem in Iranian hospitals. Prescription based on standard guidelines could improve rational use of albumin and lead to savings in treatment costs.
Topics: Albumins; Biomedical Research; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing; Intensive Care Units; Iran; Practice Patterns, Physicians'
PubMed: 31823624
DOI: No ID Found -
Intensive Care Medicine Jun 2024This is the first of three parts of the clinical practice guideline from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) on resuscitation fluids in adult...
PURPOSE
This is the first of three parts of the clinical practice guideline from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) on resuscitation fluids in adult critically ill patients. This part addresses fluid choice and the other two will separately address fluid amount and fluid removal.
METHODS
This guideline was formulated by an international panel of clinical experts and methodologists. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was applied to evaluate the certainty of evidence and to move from evidence to decision.
RESULTS
For volume expansion, the guideline provides conditional recommendations for using crystalloids rather than albumin in critically ill patients in general (moderate certainty of evidence), in patients with sepsis (moderate certainty of evidence), in patients with acute respiratory failure (very low certainty of evidence) and in patients in the perioperative period and patients at risk for bleeding (very low certainty of evidence). There is a conditional recommendation for using isotonic saline rather than albumin in patients with traumatic brain injury (very low certainty of evidence). There is a conditional recommendation for using albumin rather than crystalloids in patients with cirrhosis (very low certainty of evidence). The guideline provides conditional recommendations for using balanced crystalloids rather than isotonic saline in critically ill patients in general (low certainty of evidence), in patients with sepsis (low certainty of evidence) and in patients with kidney injury (very low certainty of evidence). There is a conditional recommendation for using isotonic saline rather than balanced crystalloids in patients with traumatic brain injury (very low certainty of evidence). There is a conditional recommendation for using isotonic crystalloids rather than small-volume hypertonic crystalloids in critically ill patients in general (very low certainty of evidence).
CONCLUSIONS
This guideline provides eleven recommendations to inform clinicians on resuscitation fluid choice in critically ill patients.
Topics: Humans; Fluid Therapy; Critical Illness; Adult; Critical Care; Crystalloid Solutions; Resuscitation; Europe; Albumins; Sepsis
PubMed: 38771364
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07369-9 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Aug 2023In the recent ALBICS (ALBumin In Cardiac Surgery) trial, 4% albumin used for cardiopulmonary bypass priming and volume replacement increased perioperative bleeding... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In the recent ALBICS (ALBumin In Cardiac Surgery) trial, 4% albumin used for cardiopulmonary bypass priming and volume replacement increased perioperative bleeding compared with Ringer acetate. In the present exploratory study, albumin-related bleeding was further characterized.
METHODS
Ringer acetate and 4% albumin were compared in a randomized, double-blinded fashion in 1386 on-pump adult cardiac surgery patients. The study end points for bleeding were the Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding (UDPB) class and its components.
RESULTS
The UDPB bleeding grades were higher in the albumin group than the Ringer group: "insignificant" (albumin vs Ringer: 47.5% vs 62.9%), "mild" (12.7% vs 8.9%), "moderate" (28.7% vs 24.4%), "severe" (10.2% vs 3.2%), and "massive" (0.9% vs. 0.6%; P < .001). Patients in the albumin group received red blood cells (45.2% vs 31.5%; odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.44-2.24; P < .001), platelets (33.3% vs 21.8%; OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.41-2.28; P < .001), and fibrinogen (5.6% vs 2.6%; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.27-3.95; P < .05), and underwent resternotomy (5.3% vs 1.9%; OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.55-5.60, P < .001) more often than patients in the Ringer group. The strongest predictors of bleeding were albumin group allocation (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.74-2.74) and complex (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.02-3.37) and urgent surgery (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.26-2.13). In interaction analysis, the effect of albumin on the risk of bleeding was stronger in patients on preoperative acetylsalicylic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
Perioperative administration of albumin, compared with Ringer's acetate, resulted in increased blood loss and higher UDBP class. The magnitude of this effect was similar to the complexity and urgency of the surgery.
Topics: Humans; Albumins; Blood Loss, Surgical; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Ringer's Solution; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37120084
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.03.041 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2019Tattooing is a ubiquitous body modification involving the injection of ink and/or dye pigments into the dermis. Biosensors in the form of tattoos can be used to monitor... (Review)
Review
Tattooing is a ubiquitous body modification involving the injection of ink and/or dye pigments into the dermis. Biosensors in the form of tattoos can be used to monitor metabolites in interstitial fluid. Here, minimally invasive, injectable dermal biosensors were developed for measuring pH, glucose, and albumin concentrations. The dermal pH sensor was based on methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein, which responded to a pH range from 5.0 to 9.0. The dermal glucose sensor consisted of glucose oxidase, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, and peroxidase that detected concentrations up to 50.0 mmol L . The dermal albumin sensor consisted of 3',3'',5',5''-tetrachlorophenol-3,4,5,6-tetrabromosulfophthalein to measure concentrations up to 5.0 g L . The sensors were multiplexed in ex vivo skin tissue and quantitative readouts were obtained using a smartphone camera. These sensors can be used to manage of acid-base homeostasis, diabetes, and liver failure in point-of-care settings.
Topics: Albumins; Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Skin; Tattooing
PubMed: 31157485
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904416 -
Cells Dec 2022The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is highly expressed in the renal proximal tubule and is important for the reclamation of albumin by cellular transcytosis to prevent its...
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is highly expressed in the renal proximal tubule and is important for the reclamation of albumin by cellular transcytosis to prevent its loss in the urine. The initial event of this transcellular transport mechanism is the endocytosis of albumin by the apical scavenger receptors megalin and cubilin. An interaction of megalin and FcRn was postulated, however, evidence is still missing. Similarly, the intracellular trafficking of FcRn remains unknown and shall be identified in our study. Using a Venus-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system, we detected an interaction between megalin and FcRn in the endosomal compartment, which significantly increased with the induction of endocytosis using albumin or lactoglobulin as a ligand. The interaction between megalin and FcRn occurred at a neutral and acidic pH between the extracellular domains of both proteins. Amnionless, another transmembrane acceptor of cubilin, revealed no interaction with FcRn. With the induction of endocytosis by albumin or lactoglobulin, super resolution microscopy demonstrated a redistribution of megalin and FcRn into clathrin vesicles and early endosomes. This trafficking into clathrin vesicles was impaired in megalin-deficient cells upon albumin-induced endocytosis, supporting the role of megalin in FcRn redistribution. Our results indicate that megalin and FcRn specifically bind and interact within their extracellular domains. The availability of megalin is necessary for the redistribution of FcRn. Megalin, therefore, orchestrates FcRn endocytosis and intracellular trafficking as an early event intranscytosis.
Topics: Albumins; Clathrin; Endocytosis; Ligands; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2; Protein Transport
PubMed: 36611847
DOI: 10.3390/cells12010053 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Mar 2023Acute heart failure is a frequent cause of hospital admission in Portugal, and has an increasing tendency given the aging population. Although most admissions for acute... (Review)
Review
Acute heart failure is a frequent cause of hospital admission in Portugal, and has an increasing tendency given the aging population. Although most admissions for acute heart failure are caused by congestive conditions, not all patients have a congestive phenotype, reflecting the complexity of a process with multiple pathophysiological pathways. The use of diuretics, usually loop diuretics, is the mainstay of treatment for congestion. However, many patients develop resistance, thus constituting a challenge with no consensual solution to date, despite extensive debate over the years. Despite its frequent use in clinical practice, the co-administration of albumin and furosemide remains controversial in the management of patients with acute heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and diuretic resistance. This review addresses the pathophysiological mechanisms of congestion in patients with acute heart failure and explores the theoretical basis that supports the co-administration of albumin and furosemide in this clinical context. It is intended to clarify the potential benefit of the combined approach in this specific population and identify possible gaps in the literature that could be the subject of future studies.
Topics: Humans; Furosemide; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Albumins
PubMed: 36762993
DOI: 10.20344/amp.17714 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Dec 2019Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in mammals, is a versatile and easily obtainable biomaterial. It is pH and temperature responsive, dissolvable in high... (Review)
Review
Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in mammals, is a versatile and easily obtainable biomaterial. It is pH and temperature responsive, dissolvable in high concentrations and gels readily in defined conditions. This versatility, together with its inexpensiveness and biocompatibility, makes albumin an attractive biomaterial for biomedical research and therapeutics. So far, clinical research in albumin has centered mainly on its use as a carrier molecule or nanoparticle to improve drug pharmacokinetics and delivery to target sites. In contrast, research in albumin-based hydrogels is less established albeit growing in interest over recent years. In this minireview, we report current literature and critically discuss the synthesis, mechanical properties, biological effects and uses, biodegradability and cost of albumin hydrogels as a xeno-free, customizable, and transplantable construct for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Cell Transplantation; Drug Carriers; Humans; Hydrogels; Nanoparticles; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 31520415
DOI: 10.1002/bit.27167