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Nutrients Aug 2022Recent research advances examining the gut microbiome and its association with human health have indicated that microbiota-targeted intervention is a promising means for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Recent research advances examining the gut microbiome and its association with human health have indicated that microbiota-targeted intervention is a promising means for health modulation. In this study, elderly people in long-term care (aged 83.2 ± 5.3 year) with malnutrition (MNA-SF score ≤ 7) were recruited in a community hospital for a 12-week randomized, single-blind clinical trial with Clostridium butyricum. Compared with the basal fluctuations of the control group, an altered gut microbiome was observed in the intervention group, with increased (p < 0.05) Coprobacillus species, Carnobacterium divergens, and Corynebacterium_massiliense, and the promoted growth of the beneficial organisms Akketmanse muciniphila and Alistipes putredinis. A concentrated profile of 14 increased Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs (KOs) that were enriched in cofactor/vitamin production and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were discovered; the genes were found to be correlated (p < 0.05) with an elevated abundance of plasma metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), unsaturated medium- to long-chain fatty acids (MFA, LFA), carnitines, and amino acids, thus suggesting a coordinated ameliorated metabolism. Proinflammatory factor interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels decreased (p < 0.05) throughout the intervention, while the gut barrier tight junction protein, occludin, rose in abundance (p = 0.059), and the sensitive nutrition biomarker prealbumin improved, in contrast to the opposite changes in control. Based on our results obtained during a relatively short intervention time, C. butyricum might have great potential for improving nutrition and immunity in elderly people in long-term care with malnutrition through the alteration of gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and activating the metabolism in SCFA and cofactor/vitamin production, bile acid metabolism, along with efficient energy generation.
Topics: Aged; Clostridium butyricum; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Humans; Long-Term Care; Malnutrition; Microbiota; Single-Blind Method; Vitamins
PubMed: 36079806
DOI: 10.3390/nu14173546 -
Acta Diabetologica May 2020Recent studies have suggested a possible association between microbiota and gestational diabetes (GDM). However, the results are inconsistent. Our objective was to...
AIMS
Recent studies have suggested a possible association between microbiota and gestational diabetes (GDM). However, the results are inconsistent. Our objective was to investigate further the relationship between GDM and microbiota and verify the potential microbial marker.
METHODS
Two complementary approaches were used for the demonstration. First, we compared the gut microbial composition of 23 GDM patients and 26 non-GDM ethnically Chinese Han pregnant women, by using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of their stool samples collected at the third trimester. Second, we used Q-PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the gut microbial composition in the stool samples from another cohort of 150 Chinese pregnant women (113 Control and 37 GDM), to further confirm the potential microbial marker.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota of GDM women show lower albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.18) alpha diversity at the species level than non-GDM women. However, the species-level beta-diversity or between-sample diversity measured by Bray-Curtis distance shows significant differences (p < 2.2e-16) between the two groups. The species Bacteroides dorei positively correlated with both OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) 0-Hour (p = 0.0099) and OGTT 1-Hour (p = 0.0070). There is a similar trend between Bacteroides sp. 3_1_33FAA and both OGTT 0-Hour (p = 0.014) and OGTT 1-Hour (p = 0.0101) response variables. The species Alistipes putredinis negatively correlated with OGTT 1-Hour (p = 0.0172) and OGTT 2-Hour (p = 0.0147). Q-PCR validation further confirmed the association between the glucose tolerance loci of Bacteroides dorei and OGTT response.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiome is related to the diabetic status of Chinese women during pregnancy. Specific species such as Bacteroides dorei associate with glucose response and could be potential monitoring and therapeutic microbial markers for GDM.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Bacteria; Blood Glucose; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Metagenome; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31820107
DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01434-2 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Flavanones in peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain...
Flavanones in peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain ambiguous. Here, we identified aglycone-type flavanones, such as hesperetin and naringenin, which were more abundant in the bioconversion of the CUP than in the ethanol extracts of the CUP. We found that the bioconversion of the CUP induced the canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway via degradation of IκB in Caco-2 cells. To check the immune suppressive capacity of the aglycones of the CUP in vivo, we orally administered the bioconversion of the CUP (500 mg/kg) to mice for two weeks prior to the 3% dextran sulfate sodium treatment. The CUP-pretreated group showed improved body weight loss, colon length shortage, and intestinal inflammation than the control mice. We also found a significant decrease in the population of lamina propria Th17 cells in the CUP-pretreated group following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and an increase in mRNA levels of occludin in CUP-treated Caco-2 cells. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed a decreased abundance of and an increased abundance of in the feces of the CUP-pretreated mice compared to those of the control mice. Overall, these findings suggest that the pre-administration of CUP biometabolites may inhibit the development of murine colitis by modulating intestinal permeability and the gut microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Citrus; Colitis; Colon; Inflammation; Bacteria; Flavanones; Permeability; Dextran Sulfate; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36678190
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020319 -
PloS One 2022Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) has been used with the therapeutic intent to change the functions of the gut microbial community in metabolism and host immunity....
Time series strain tracking analysis post fecal transplantation identifies individual specific patterns of fecal dominant donor, recipient, and unrelated microbial strains.
BACKGROUND
Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) has been used with the therapeutic intent to change the functions of the gut microbial community in metabolism and host immunity. For most of these therapies, the recipients are not given antibiotics to eliminate the microbial community prior to transplant with donor fecal microbes resulting in the initial gut microbial community following FMT consisting of a consortium of donor and recipient microbes. The detailed analysis of the fecal samples from these FMT over time provides a unique opportunity to study the changes in the gut microbial strain community that occurs following the introduction of new microbial strains (donor) into an established community (recipient).
METHODS
In this study, we have metagenomic data set consisting of 5 FMT that contained donor, recipient and recipient post FMT taken multiple times for periods up to 535 days after the FMT. We used two established strain tracking methods, Window-based Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) Similarity (WSS) and StrainPhlAn, to determine the presence of donor and recipient microbial strains following FMT. To assess recombination between donor and recipient strains of Bacteroides vulgatus post FMT, we used BLAST+ to analyze the data sets for Bacteroidales-specific antimicrobial proteins (BSAP-3) that have known functions to restrict species specific replication.
RESULTS
We found that Alistipes onderdonkii, Alistipes shahii, Alistipes putredinis, and Parabacteroides merdae, all had patterns post FMT consisting of either dominant donor or recipient microbial strains in the feces. In contrast, the analysis of Bacteroides spp. in five FMT pairs revealed inter-individual oscillation over time with the appearance of either donor or recipient fecal strain dominance. In some instances, B. vulgatus and B. uniformis were also identified after FMT that were not related to either the donor or recipient. Finally, in one of the FMT, we identified a distinct B. vulgatus strain post-FMT that matched the pre-FMT strain but was BSAP-3 positive, suggesting a possible recombination event between the donor and recipient strains.
CONCLUSION
The complex oscillating patterns of the appearance of fecal dominant donor, recipient or unrelated strains following extended times post FMT provide new insights into the dynamics of the microbial community interactions with the recipients following FMT. The result from our analysis has implications for the use of FMT to predictably change the biological functions of the gut community in metabolism and host immunity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Nucleotides; Time Factors
PubMed: 36107983
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274633 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2020The human gut microbiota is currently seen as an important factor that can promote autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development in children. This study aimed to detect...
The human gut microbiota is currently seen as an important factor that can promote autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development in children. This study aimed to detect differences in the taxonomic composition and content of bacterial genes encoding key enzymes involved in the metabolism of neuroactive biomarker compounds in the metagenomes of gut microbiota of children with ASD and neurotypical children. A whole metagenome sequencing approach was used to obtain metagenomic data on faecal specimens of 36 children with ASD and 21 healthy neurotypical children of 3-5 years old. Taxonomic analysis was conducted using MetaPhlAn2. The developed bioinformatics algorithm and created catalogue of the orthologues were applied to identify bacterial genes of neuroactive compounds in the metagenomes. For the identification of metagenomic signatures of children with ASD, Wilcoxon's test and adjustment for multiple comparisons were used. Statistically significant differences with decreases in average abundance in the microbiota of ASD children were found for the genera and and species , , , , and . Average relative abundances of the detected genes and neurometabolic signature approach did not reveal many significant differences in the metagenomes of the groups that were compared. We noted decreases in the abundance of genes linked to production of GABA, melatonine and butyric acid in the ASD metagenomes. For the first time, the neurometabolic signature of the gut microbiota of young children with ASD is presented. The data can help to provide a comparative assessment of the transcriptional and metabolomic activity of the identified genes.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Melatonin; Metagenome
PubMed: 32213246
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001178 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2020Gut microbial diversity and composition play important roles in health. This cross-sectional study was designed to test the hypothesis that hospitalized children who...
Gut microbial diversity and composition play important roles in health. This cross-sectional study was designed to test the hypothesis that hospitalized children who may be relatively immunocompromised (IC), defined as those with cancer, sickle cell disease (SCD), transplantation, or receiving immunosuppressive therapy) would have decreased microbial diversity, increased colonization and different species composition compared to non-immunocompromised (Non-IC) children admitted to the same pediatric unit. A stool sample was obtained within 72 h of admission to a single unit at The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY from March 2016 to February 2017 and the microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. colonization was assessed by glutamate dehydrogenase antigen and toxin polymerase chain reaction assays. Stool samples were obtained from 69 IC (32 SCD, 19 cancer, 9 transplantation and 9 other) and 37 Non-IC patients. There were no significant differences in microbial alpha diversity and colonization comparing IC vs. non-IC patients. Lower alpha diversity, however, was independently associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics, including prophylactic penicillin in patients with SCD. Differences in specific species abundances were observed when comparing IC vs. non-IC patients, particularly children with SCD. Non-IC patients had increased abundance of commensals associated with health including , and ( < 0.005). Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, which were more commonly used in IC children, were identified as risk factors for lower microbial diversity. Non-IC patients had higher abundance of several bacterial species associated with health. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these differences in gut microbiome.
PubMed: 33282798
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.583446 -
Veterinary Research Jun 2021Unlike in chickens, dynamics of the gut microbiome in turkeys is limitedly understood and no data were yet published in context of pathological changes following...
Unlike in chickens, dynamics of the gut microbiome in turkeys is limitedly understood and no data were yet published in context of pathological changes following experimental infection. Thus, the impact of Histomonas meleagridis-associated inflammatory changes in the caecal microbiome, especially the Escherichia coli population and their caecal wall invasion in turkeys was investigated. Birds experimentally inoculated with attenuated and/or virulent H. meleagridis and non-inoculated negative controls were divided based on the severity of macroscopic caecal lesions. The high throughput amplicon sequencing of 16SrRNA showed that the species richness and diversity of microbial community significantly decreased in severely affected caeca. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units belonging to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans, E. coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were higher and paralleled with a decreased abundances of those belonging to Alistipes putredinis, Streptococcus alactolyticus, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in birds with the highest lesion scores. Although the relative abundance of E. coli was higher, the absolute count was not affected by the severity of pathological lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed that E. coli was only present in the luminal content of caecum and did not penetrate even severely inflamed and necrotized caecal wall. Overall, it was demonstrated that the fundamental shift in caecal microbiota of turkeys infected with H. meleagridis was attributed to the pathology induced by the parasite, which only led to relative but not absolute changes in E. coli population. Furthermore, E. coli cells did not show tendency to penetrate the caecal tissue even when the intestinal mucosal barriers were severely compromised.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Poultry Diseases; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Trichomonadida; Typhlitis
PubMed: 34158121
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00962-6 -
Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2020Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used...
Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used commercially available fish oil supplements with a ratio of 18/12 for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, increasing DHA content for this commonly used ratio might bring out a varied metabolic effect, which have remained unclear. Thus, in this study, a novel tuna oil (TO) was applied to investigate the effect of high-DHA content on the alteration of the gut microbiota and obesity in high-fat diet mice. The results suggest that high-DHA TO (HDTO) supplementation notably ameliorates obesity and related lipid parameters and restores the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. The benefits of TOs were derived from their modification of the gut microbiota composition and structure in mice. A high-fat diet triggered an increased / ratio that was remarkably restored by TOs. The number of obesity-promoting bacteria-, , , , , , and was dramatically reduced. , , and , three dysbiosis-related species, were especially regulated by HDTO. Regarding the prevention of obesity, HDTO outperforms the normal TO. Intriguingly, HDTO feeding to HFD-fed mice might alter the arginine and proline metabolism of intestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 33312536
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1941 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota...
Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease progression. Most microbiome studies focus on ethnic majorities. This study aims to understand how the microbiome differs between an ethnic majority (the Dutch) and minority (the South-Asian Surinamese (SAS)) group with a lower and higher prevalence of T2DM, respectively. Microbiome data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort were used. Two age- and gender-matched groups were compared: the Dutch (n = 41) and SAS (n = 43). Microbial community compositions were generated via DADA2. Metrics of microbial diversity and similarity between groups were computed. Biomarker analyses were performed to determine discriminating taxa. Bacterial co-occurrence networks were constructed to examine ecological patterns. A tight microbiota cluster was observed in the Dutch women, which overlapped with some of the SAS microbiota. The Dutch gut contained a more interconnected microbial ecology, whereas the SAS network was dispersed, i.e., contained fewer inter-taxonomic correlational relationships. Bacteroides caccae, Butyricicoccus, Alistipes putredinis, Coprococcus comes, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Lachnospira were enriched in the Dutch gut. Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Anaerostipes hadrus discriminated the SAS gut. All but Lachnospira and certain strains of Haemophilus are known to produce SCFAs. The Dutch gut microbiome was distinguished from the SAS by diverse, differentially abundant SCFA-producing taxa with significant cooperation. The dynamic ecology observed in the Dutch was not detected in the SAS. Among several potential gut microbial biomarkers, Haemophilus parainfluenzae likely best characterizes the ethnic minority group, which is more predisposed to T2DM. The higher prevalence of T2DM in the SAS may be associated with the gut dysbiosis observed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethnicity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adenosine Deaminase; Minority Groups; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 38403716
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54769-4 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... Feb 2024To compare the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome of patients with SpA.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome of patients with SpA.
METHODS
MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed on DNA isolated from stool. Patients with concurrent SpA and IBD were excluded. Differences were assessed for richness and diversity indices by QIIME 2™. Differences between means >0,2% with a p-value<0,05 were assumed significant. Institutional Ethics Committee endorsement.
RESULTS
69 individuals included, 49 with SpA (ankylosing spondylitis-AS 72,9%, psoriatic arthritis-PsA 18,8%, reactive arthritis-ReA 8,3%) 5 positive controls-dysbiosis and 15 controls-eubiosis. Conventional treatment in 42,9%, anti-IL-17 16,3% and anti-TNF 40,8%. By subtype, statistically significant differences in favour of AS were found for the diversity indices. AS vs PsA there was a difference in favour of AS for (p=0,002), (p=0,009), (p=0,008) and . AS vs ReA there was a difference in favour of AS for (p=0,009), (p=0.006), (p=0.031); (p=0,034). Diversity and richness showed differences in patients with high activity for Simpson's and Pielou's indices. In high activity, lower enrichment of (p= 0,0003), (p= 0,026) and (p=0,035) was found. The number of ASV was higher in the anti-IL-17 vs conventional group (p=0.025) and a trend between anti-IL-17 vs anti-TNF (p=0.09). In anti-TNF there was a lower proportion for (p=0.023), (p=0.030) and (p= 0.003). In anti IL-17, (p= 0.012) was decreased.
CONCLUSIONS
There are differences in microbial diversity for SpA subtypes. The level of disease activity is plausible to influence the composition of the faecal microbiota. Anti-TNFα treatment may influence the microbiome environment favouring restoration of the gut microbiota, while anti-IL-17 may maintain an inflammatory environment.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Male; Female; Adult; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Middle Aged; Prohibitins; Spondylarthritis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Reactive
PubMed: 38683098
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v71i1.1305