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Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a... 2019Damage and loss of hair (alopecia) is a predictable adverse event of oncological therapy. It can be caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted and hormonal... (Review)
Review
Damage and loss of hair (alopecia) is a predictable adverse event of oncological therapy. It can be caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted and hormonal therapy. From the point of view of patients with malignant disease, hair loss is one of the most feared side effects and adversely affects their mental health. Hair loss can be diffuse, complete, partial, or regional. Worsening of hair quality, cutaneous inflammation, and scarring can also occur. Eyelashes, eyebrows, and body hair can also be lost. Alopecia is mostly reversible, but permanent damage can occur depending on the type, overall length, and dose of oncological treatment and other factors. The risk of alopecia is high with high-dose docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, but low with platinum chemotherapy, melphalan, and capecitabin. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy can cause immune-mediated alopecia such as alopecia areata and scarring alopecia as well as paradoxically hypertrichosis and trichomegaly. Physical and pharmacological approaches can be used to prevent and treat alopecia; however, their effectiveness and availability are limited. Modern radiotherapy scalp-sparing methods minimize hair loss. Good results have been obtained with scalp cooling, which reduces the toxic effects of cytostatic agents on hair follicles during short infusion regimens. Several systems cool the scalp to less than 22°C. Minoxidil accelerates hair regrowth and is used as a topical therapy. Psychological support and provision of cosmetically acceptable head coverings are also very important.
Topics: Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Minoxidil; Neoplasms; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 31610668
DOI: 10.14735/amko2019353 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; United States; Alopecia Areata; Incidence; Alopecia
PubMed: 37690704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.012 -
Veterinary Pathology Nov 2023Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can... (Review)
Review
Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can be attributed to a decreased formation or cytodifferentiation of the hair follicle or the hair shaft , resulting in congenital alopecia. Congenital alopecia often has a hereditary cause, and examples of such disorders are ectodermal dysplasias associated with gene variants of the gene. Noninflammatory alopecia may also be caused by impaired postnatal regeneration of hair follicles or shafts. Such disorders may have a clear breed predilection, and alopecia starts early in life. A hereditary background is suspected in those cases but has not been proven. They are referred to as follicular dysplasia although some of these disorders present histologically like a hair cycle disturbance. Late-onset alopecia is usually acquired and may be associated with endocrinopathies. Other possible causes are impaired vascular perfusion or stress. As the hair follicle has limited possible responses to altered regulation, and histopathology may change during the course of a disease, a detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination including blood work, appropriate biopsy site selection, and detailed histological findings need to be combined to achieve a final diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview about the known noninflammatory alopecic disorders in dogs. As the pathogenesis of most disorders is unknown, some statements are based on comparative aspects or reflect the authors' opinion.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Alopecia; Hair; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Hair Follicle; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37191329
DOI: 10.1177/03009858231170295 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Mar 2022Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive, scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal scalp that poses a substantial burden on quality of life. Large-scale global...
BACKGROUND
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive, scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal scalp that poses a substantial burden on quality of life. Large-scale global profiling of FFA is lacking, preventing the development of effective therapeutics.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize FFA compared to normal and alopecia areata using broad molecular profiling and to identify biomarkers linked to disease severity.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study assessed 33,118 genes in scalp using RNA sequencing and 350 proteins in serum using OLINK high-throughput proteomics. Disease biomarkers were also correlated with clinical severity and a fibrosis gene set.
RESULTS
Genes differentially expressed in lesional FFA included markers related to Th1 (IFNγ/CXCL9/CXCL10), T-cell activation (CD2/CD3/CCL19/ICOS), fibrosis (CXCR3/FGF14/FGF22/VIM/FN1), T-regulatory (FOXP3/TGFB1/TGFB3), and Janus kinase/JAK (JAK3/STAT1/STAT4) (Fold changes [FCH]>1.5, FDR<.05 for all). Only one protein, ADM, was differentially expressed in FFA serum compared to normal (FCH>1.3, FDR<.05). Significant correlations were found between scalp biomarkers (IL-36RN/IL-25) and FFA severity, as well as between JAK/STAT and fibrosis gene-sets (r>.6; P <.05).
LIMITATIONS
This study was limited by a small sample size and predominantly female FFA patients.
CONCLUSION
Our data characterize FFA as an inflammatory condition limited to scalp, involving Th1/JAK skewing, with associated fibrosis and elevated T-regulatory markers, suggesting the potential for disease reversibility with JAK/STAT inhibition.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Quality of Life; Scalp
PubMed: 34044102
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.016 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Apr 2020Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) represent the most severe subtypes of alopecia areata with more dramatic features and worse prognosis. The goal of this review... (Review)
Review
Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) represent the most severe subtypes of alopecia areata with more dramatic features and worse prognosis. The goal of this review is to identify all studies with long-term prognostic data on patients with AT and AU and provide a long-term outcome estimate. The PubMed database was queried to identify all articles discussing the long-term prognosis of AT and AU. A total of nine articles discussing long-term recovery rates of AT and AU were identified. The articles described 689 (162 = AT, 245 = AU, 282 = not specified) total patients. Six of the nine studies identified complete recovery as a potential end point in a total of 375 (39 = AT, 75 = AU, 261 = not specified) patients. According to these studies 8.5% (32/375) of AT and AU patients achieved complete recovery. A larger proportion of patients will obtain at least transient recovery periods of partial or total hair regrowth. The poor long-term outcomes of AT and AU may cause patients to lose hope with treatment. Response to treatment is often unpredictable, and physicians should be aware of the prognosis and its effects in order to properly counsel patients.
Topics: Alopecia; Hair; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 31593606
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15994 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering May 2023Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of... (Review)
Review
Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of mechanisms in tissue engineering, the proliferation of HFs in vitro has achieved more promising trust for the treatments of alopecia and other skin impairments. Theoretically, HF organoids have great potential to develop into native HFs and attachments such as sweat glands after transplantation. However, since the rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiency, the induction characteristics of skin-derived cells gradually fade away along with their trichogenic capacity after continuous cell passaging in vitro. Therefore, ECM-mimicking support is an essential prelude before HF transplantation is implemented. This review summarizes the status of providing various epidermal and dermal cells with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to support the cell homeostasis and better mimic in vivo environments for the sake of HF regeneration. HF-relevant cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to be induced to form HF organoids in the vitro culture system. The niche microenvironment simulated by different forms of biomaterial scaffold can offer the cells a network of ordered growth environment to alleviate inductivity loss and promote the expression of functional proteins. The scaffolds often play the role of ECM substrates and bring about epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) through coculture to ensure the functional preservation of HF cells during in vitro passage. Functional HF organoids can be formed either before or after transplantation into the dermis layer. Here, we review and emphasize the importance of 3D culture in HF regeneration in vitro. Finally, the latest progress in treatment trials and critical analysis of the properties and benefits of different emerging biomaterials for HF regeneration along with the main challenges and prospects of HF regenerative approaches are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Hair Follicle; Dermis; Regeneration; Alopecia; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37036820
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00028 -
The Journal of Family Practice Mar 2022This patient's nonadherence to treatment and lack of precautionary steps exacerbated this condition.
This patient's nonadherence to treatment and lack of precautionary steps exacerbated this condition.
Topics: Alopecia; Cicatrix; Exanthema; Humans
PubMed: 35507810
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0366 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Nov 2021
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34608090
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003201 -
JAMA Dermatology Apr 2021
Topics: Alopecia; Dermatologists; Humans
PubMed: 33688909
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5731 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Aug 2022
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Hypohidrosis; Nail Diseases; Nails, Malformed; Propylthiouracil
PubMed: 35971830
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2690