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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; Azetidines; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 37218276
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.7687 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jul 2022Macbeth 2022; 187:73–81.
Macbeth 2022; 187:73–81.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Humans; Psychological Distress
PubMed: 35562779
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21597 -
JAMA Dermatology Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; Cost of Illness
PubMed: 36857064
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.0001 -
Cutis Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; Ethnic and Racial Minorities
PubMed: 36947770
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0685 -
Human Psychopharmacology Jan 2022To review the literature on valproate-associated hair abnormalities and the available treatment options. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on valproate-associated hair abnormalities and the available treatment options.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including "valproate", "valproic acid", "hair", "alopecia", and "effluvium," supplemented with hand search from cross-references. We included all types of studies including case reports in this review.
RESULTS
The pathophysiology of hair loss includes telogen effluvium, biotin, mineral deficiency, and possibly hyperandrogenism. Diagnosis is based on history of hair loss or abnormalities following valproate treatment, and is confirmed by use of simple clinical tests such as pull test and modified wash test. Treatment involves reassurance and advice on hair care, and if possible drug discontinuation or dose reduction. Medications such as biotin and other vitamins with minerals supplementation is effective for most individuals with hair loss. Other treatment options are agomelatine, topical valproate or minoxidil, though these lack evidence.
CONCLUSION
Hair abnormalities with valproate are common, benign adverse effects, and management includes general measures and specific treatment options.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Hair; Humans; Minoxidil; Valproic Acid
PubMed: 34532891
DOI: 10.1002/hup.2814 -
International Journal of Dermatology May 2024While observational studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota diversity and alopecia areata (AA), the causal relationship remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
While observational studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota diversity and alopecia areata (AA), the causal relationship remains unclear.
METHODS
We leveraged data from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortiums' Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) encompassing gut microbiota (n = 13,266) and AA (n = 211,428) datasets. A comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) and reverse MR approach were employed, utilizing five statistical methods to evaluate causality. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to corroborate the MR results.
RESULTS
Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated a protective effect against AA from Butyricimonas (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.77, P = 0.01), Enterorhabdus (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16-0.95, P = 0.04), Eubacterium (xylanophilum group) (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.84, P = 0.02), and Phascolarctobacterium (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15-0.91, P = 0.03), while Ruminococcaceae UCG003 posed as a risk factor (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.27-6.14, P = 0.01). Reverse MR showed no significant causal link between AA and gut microbiota, with no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis suggests probable causality between certain gut microbiota and AA, shedding light on its pathogenesis and potential intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Alopecia Areata; Genome-Wide Association Study; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38240406
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17032 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Sep 2023Alopecia areata (AA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that results in non-scarring hair loss. Baricitinib is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata (AA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that results in non-scarring hair loss. Baricitinib is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for AA. Objective: Review the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of baricitinib in the treatment of AA. Methods: A literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 2010 to November 2022. Articles in English discussing baricitinib's efficacy and safety in AA, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic profiles were included.
RESULTS
Two identical phase III trials (BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2) were evaluated. A greater percentage of subjects receiving baricitinib 4 mg or 2 mg dose achieved a Severity of Alopecia Tool score equal to or less than 20 vs placebo. In BRAVE-AA1, for 4 mg, 2 mg, and placebo, respectively, these values were 38.8%, 22.8%, and 6.2%; in BRAVE-AA2, these values were 35.9%, 19.4%, and 3.3% (P<0.001).
DISCUSSION
Baricitinib is the first FDA-approved treatment for AA. Other treatments for AA are used off-label with variable efficacy. Baricitinib is associated with black-box warnings due to adverse effects (AEs) associated with other Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors or use in other diseases. In the two large AA trials, AEs were considered mild or moderate; those reported more often with baricitinib than placebo included acne, elevations of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevation of creatinine kinase. Baricitinib is a relatively tolerable and safe therapeutic alternative for severe AA, although additional study is needed to assess its long-term efficacy and safety. Citation: Singh R, Driscoll MS. Review of baricitinib in the treatment of alopecia areata. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(9):935-939. doi:10.36849/JDD.7357.
Topics: United States; Humans; Alopecia Areata; Azetidines; Purines; Janus Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 37683061
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.7357 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Sep 2022
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Humans; Vaccination
PubMed: 35757867
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15184 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jan 2022
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Humans; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33646364
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02199-x -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2021
Topics: Adult; Alopecia Areata; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Syphilis, Cutaneous
PubMed: 33846209
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200894-f