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Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2020Profound physiological changes during pregnancy may affect the requirement of retinol and tocopherol, which are essential micronutrients for the maintenance of maternal...
Profound physiological changes during pregnancy may affect the requirement of retinol and tocopherol, which are essential micronutrients for the maintenance of maternal health and foetal development. However, the current reference intervals (RIs) of retinol and tocopherol are based on non-pregnant population. In the present study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantitation method for serum retinol and α-tocopherol was established and validated. In addition, we established trimester-specific RIs of retinol and α-tocopherol using the data from paired screening test for 31,301 outpatients who participated in the prenatal vitamins A/E evaluation program at our hospital using the Hoffmann method, which is a simple indirect RI estimation method that does not require the recruitment of healthy subjects. Further, to explore the associations between the levels of retinol and α-tocopherol and the parameters of complete blood count (CBC), the results of retinol, α-tocopherol, and CBC of 1,977 pregnant outpatients in the third trimester were analysed. The testing interval between the levels of vitamins and CBC was no more than 7 days. Although no significant changes were noticed in the levels of retinol, the α-tocopherol levels continuously increased with normal physiological changes throughout pregnancy. Lower retinol levels were associated with the higher incidence of anaemia, whereas higher levels of retinol and lower levels of α-tocopherol were associated with higher platelet count.
Topics: Adult; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin A; Vitamins; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 32141189
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12975 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2023Selenium is connected to three small molecule antioxidant compounds, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and ergothioneine. Ascorbate and α-tocopherol are true vitamins, while... (Review)
Review
Selenium is connected to three small molecule antioxidant compounds, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and ergothioneine. Ascorbate and α-tocopherol are true vitamins, while ergothioneine is a "vitamin-like" compound. Here we review how selenium is connected to all three. Selenium and vitamin E work together as a team to prevent lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E quenches lipid hydroperoxyl radicals and the resulting lipid hydroperoxide is then converted to the lipid alcohol by selenocysteine-containing glutathione peroxidase. Ascorbate reduces the resulting α-tocopheroxyl radical in this reaction back to α-tocopherol with concomitant production of the ascorbyl radical. The ascorbyl radical can be reduced back to ascorbate by selenocysteine-containing thioredoxin reductase. Ergothioneine and ascorbate are both water soluble, small molecule reductants that can reduce free radicals and redox-active metals. Thioredoxin reductase can reduce oxidized forms of ergothioneine. While the biological significance of this is not yet realized, this discovery underscores the centrality of selenium to all three antioxidants.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Selenium; Ergothioneine; alpha-Tocopherol; Selenocysteine; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Vitamin E; Antioxidants; Vitamins; Oxidation-Reduction; Free Radicals; Lipid Peroxides
PubMed: 37236134
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102328 -
ACS Nano Apr 2024Substantial advancements have been achieved in the realm of cardiac tissue repair utilizing functional hydrogel materials. Additionally, drug-loaded hydrogels have...
Substantial advancements have been achieved in the realm of cardiac tissue repair utilizing functional hydrogel materials. Additionally, drug-loaded hydrogels have emerged as a research hotspot for modulating adverse microenvironments and preventing left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), thereby fostering improved reparative outcomes. In this study, diacrylated Pluronic F127 micelles were used as macro-cross-linkers for the hydrogel, and the hydrophobic drug α-tocopherol (α-TOH) was loaded. Through the synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) and the incorporation of conductive components, an injectable and highly compliant antioxidant/conductive composite FPDA hydrogel was constructed. The hydrogel exhibited exceptional stretchability, high toughness, good conductivity, cell affinity, and tissue adhesion. In a rabbit model, the material was surgically implanted onto the myocardial tissue, subsequent to the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks postimplantation, there was discernible functional recovery, manifesting as augmented fractional shortening and ejection fraction, alongside reduced infarcted areas. The findings of this investigation underscore the substantial utility of FPDA hydrogels given their proactive capacity to modulate the post-MI infarct microenvironment and thereby enhance the therapeutic outcomes of myocardial infarction.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Hydrogels; alpha-Tocopherol; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 38436241
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00509 -
Nutrition and Health Jun 2022Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease. It affects skin and joints, characterized by abnormal hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The worldwide prevalence...
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease. It affects skin and joints, characterized by abnormal hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The worldwide prevalence of psoriasis ranges from 2% to 4%. Environmental factors as smoking, alcohol consumption obesity can also work as triggers. During the inflammatory process, there is an exacerbated formation of free radicals and antioxidants are required to maintain redox balance.
AIM
Assess antioxidant profiles.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted between August/2012 and March/2014. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and biochemical measurements, dietary intake, serum lycopene and α-tocopherol, psoriasis severity according to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were obtained. Comparisons between serum lycopene and α-tocopherol distributions according to variables were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate factors associated with serum antioxidants.
RESULTS
81 participants (56% female, 62% non-white), 34% without psoriatic lesions, 51% diagnosed with mild psoriasis, and 15% with moderate psoriasis. Median (IQR) age of 54 (41, 62) years, 10 (4, 11) years of education, 17% smokers, 46% overweight and 25% obesity. In total, 72% did not reach the daily recommendation of fruit and vegetable intake. Serum lycopene and α-tocopherol were 0.2 (0.1-0.3) µmol/L and 22.5 (18.5-25.6) µmol/L, respectively. Only 14% presented adequate concentration of lycopene, but adequate α-tocopherol level was observed among 88%.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients reported a diet low in vegetables and fruits and rich in ultra-processed foods and fatty acids. Adequate circulating α-tocopherol but low serum lycopene, was observed among patients. A linear trend was observed for lycopene according to the severity of psoriasis.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Eating; Female; Humans; Lycopene; Male; Obesity; Psoriasis; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33960217
DOI: 10.1177/02601060211014127 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2023Using sunflower oil as the oil matrix, the antioxidant effects and types of interactions of three natural components, α-tocopherol, β-carotene and epigallocatechin...
Using sunflower oil as the oil matrix, the antioxidant effects and types of interactions of three natural components, α-tocopherol, β-carotene and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were investigated and the kinetic model of oxidation reaction was established. The results showed that the ability of the three antioxidants to scavenge DPPH radicals was ranked as EGCG > β-carotene > α-tocopherol in the concentration range of 0~100 mg/kg. 15 samples were obtained by combining two of three natural components. When the concentration ratios of β-carotene and EGCG were 1:20 and 1:7.5, α-tocopherol and EGCG were 1:13.3, 1:6, and 1:2, and α-tocopherol and β-carotene were 1:0.2 and 1:0.05, the type of interaction was synergistic, while the rest of the samples showed antagonistic effects. The sample with a 1:13.3 concentration of α-tocopherol and EGCG showed the longest induction period, the lowest oxidation rate constant, the highest activation energy, the best oxidative stability, and the longest shelf life at different temperatures. This compounded natural antioxidant was the most favorable for the stability of sunflower oil. This provides some theoretical basis for the development and application of compounded natural antioxidants in vegetable oils.
Topics: Antioxidants; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene; Sunflower Oil; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37121677
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22348 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2020Tocopherols, lipid-soluble antioxidants play a crucial role in the antioxidant defense system in higher plants. The antioxidant function of α-tocopherol has been widely...
Tocopherols, lipid-soluble antioxidants play a crucial role in the antioxidant defense system in higher plants. The antioxidant function of α-tocopherol has been widely studied; however, experimental data on the formation of its oxidation products is missing. In this study, we attempt to provide spectroscopic evidence on the detection of oxidation products of α-tocopherol formed by its interaction with singlet oxygen and lipid peroxyl radical. Singlet oxygen was formed using photosensitizer rose bengal and thylakoid membranes isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. Singlet oxygen reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acid forming lipid hydroperoxide which is oxidized by ferric iron to lipid peroxyl radical. The addition of singlet oxygen to double bond carbon on the chromanol head of α-tocopherol forms α-tocopherol hydroperoxide detected using fluorescent probe swallow-tailed perylene derivative. The decomposition of α-tocopherol hydroperoxide forms α-tocopherol quinone. The hydrogen abstraction from α-tocopherol by lipid peroxyl radical forms α-tocopheroxyl radical detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. Quantification of lipid and protein hydroperoxide from the wild type and tocopherol deficient (vte1) mutant Arabidopsis leaves using a colorimetric ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay reveals that α-tocopherol prevents formation of both lipid and protein hydroperoxides at high light. Identification of oxidation products of α-tocopherol might contribute to a better understanding of the protective role of α-tocopherol in the prevention of oxidative damage in higher plants at high light.
Topics: Antioxidants; Arabidopsis; Free Radicals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Light; Lipid Peroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Singlet Oxygen; Vitamin E; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33184329
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75634-0 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Nov 2021Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease accompanied by pancreatic inflammation characterized by acinar cell damage and leukocyte infiltration in the tissue. At...
BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease accompanied by pancreatic inflammation characterized by acinar cell damage and leukocyte infiltration in the tissue. At present, mortality and morbidity rates are high despite the current treatment of pancreatitis; therefore, new studies and treatment studies are needed. In this study, the effects of alpha-tocopherol on different doses of L-arginine-induced experimental acute pancreatitis model were investigated.
METHODS
Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley albino rats were randomly divided into four groups; control (sham) group (n=6), acute pancreatitis group (n=8), low-dose alpha-tocopherol (200 mg/kg once intraperitoneal [IP]) group (n=8), and high dose alpha-tocopherol (400 mg/kg once ip) group (n=8). Experimental acute pancreatitis model was created by a single IP dose of 5 g/kg of L-arginine. Alpha-tocopherol was administered in a single dose intraperitoneally, 30 min before the creation of the experimental model of acute pancreatitis induced by L-arginine induction in Groups 3 and 4. Tissue and blood samples were taken under anesthesia 72 h after L-arginine injection; then the rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Serum amylase, lipase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were examined. Pancreatic tissue samples were examined under a light microscope for histopathological examination.
RESULTS
When the acute pancreatitis group (Group 2) was compared to the control group (Group 1), serum amylase, lipase, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP levels were all significantly increased (p<0.05 for all). Histopathological examination showed significant difference in edema (p<0.001) and inflammation (p=0.007) scores. When the low (Group 3) and high (Group 4) dose alpha-tocopherol groups were compared to Group 2, amylase, lipase, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP parameters were statistically significantly lower (p<0.05 for all). In the histopathological comparison of Groups 2, 3, and 4, edema and inflammation scores were decreased in Groups 3 and 4 compared to Group 2. Comparing Group 4 to Group 3, lipase (p<0.01), IL-6 (p=0.038), and TNF-alpha (p=0.002) levels were significantly decreased; no significant difference was observed in the histopathological evaluation.
CONCLUSION
Alpha-tocopherol was found to reduce inflammation and pancreatic damage in acute pancreatitis and was more effective in high doses.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 34710231
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.89054 -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Apr 2023Protection from oxygen, a diradical, became a necessity with the evolution of photosynthetic organisms about 2.7 billion years. α-Tocopherol plays an essential,... (Review)
Review
Protection from oxygen, a diradical, became a necessity with the evolution of photosynthetic organisms about 2.7 billion years. α-Tocopherol plays an essential, protective role in organisms from plants to people. An overview of human conditions that result in severe vitamin E (α-tocopherol) deficiency is provided. α-Tocopherol has a critical role in the oxygen protection system by stopping lipid peroxidation, its induced damage, and cellular death by ferroptosis. Recent findings in bacteria and plants support the concept of why lipid peroxidation is so dangerous to life and why the family of tocochromanols are essential for aerobic organisms and for plants. The hypothesis that prevention of the propagation of lipid peroxidation is the basis for the α-tocopherol requirement in vertebrates is proposed and further that its absence dysregulates energy metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and thiol homeostasis. By recruiting intermediate metabolites from adjacent pathways to sustain effective lipid hydroperoxide elimination, α-tocopherol function is linked not only to NADPH metabolism and its formation through the pentose phosphate pathway glucose metabolism but also to sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism and to one-carbon metabolism. Evidence from humans, animals, and plants supports the hypothesis, but future studies are needed to assess the genetic sensors that detect lipid peroxidation and cause the ensuing metabolic dysregulation. 38, 775-791.
Topics: Animals; Humans; alpha-Tocopherol; Vitamin E; Antioxidants; Oxygen; Carbon
PubMed: 36793193
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0212 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Dec 2023Childhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies...
Childhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. This study included 243 boys and 183 girls. A seventy-nine-item FFQ was used to investigate dietary nutrients intake. Plasma levels of retinol and -tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with MS. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total body fat. The ASM index (ASMI) and ASMI Z-score were then calculated. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that for each unit increase in plasma retinol content, ASM, ASMI, left HGS and ASMI Z-score increased by 2·43 × 10 kg, 1·33 × 10 kg/m, 3·72 × 10 kg and 2·45 × 10 in girls, respectively ( < 0·001-0·050). ANCOVA revealed a dose-response relationship between tertiles of plasma retinol level and muscle indicators (: 0·001-0·007). The percentage differences between the top and bottom tertiles were 8·38 %, 6·26 %, 13·2 %, 12·1 % and 116 % for ASM, ASMI, left HGS, right HGS and ASMI Z-score in girls, respectively (: 0·005-0·020). No such associations were observed in boys. Plasma -tocopherol levels were not correlated with muscle indicators in either sex. In conclusion, high circulating retinol levels are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in school-age girls.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Humans; Aged; Vitamin A; alpha-Tocopherol; Hand Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Absorptiometry, Photon; China; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 37341020
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523001265 -
Food Chemistry May 2021In this study, purified rice bran oil (RBO) was used as a lipid matrix model to study the individual and binary antioxidant capacity of the minor constituents...
In this study, purified rice bran oil (RBO) was used as a lipid matrix model to study the individual and binary antioxidant capacity of the minor constituents (α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol and phytosterol) added at different concentrations and ratios. The results revealed that concentration influenced on the oxidation stability and scavenging capacity, while ratio mainly affected the type of interaction or the degree of synergism or antagonism. It was important to notice that the antioxidant capacity of α-tocopherol would decrease under high concentration. Besides, the inhibition of phytosterol on α-tocopherol and the formation of hydrogen bond between γ-oryzanol and phytosterol were speculated by the interactions of these minor constituents. This work helps to select efficient combinations for stabilizing the anti-oxidation of nutrient enriched RBO or provide suggestions for moderate retain of minor constituents in RBO.
Topics: Antioxidants; Lipids; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylpropionates; Phytosterols; Rice Bran Oil; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33131960
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128431