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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2022In the present work, the approaches of submerged co-cultivation and microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) were combined and evaluated over the course of three case...
In the present work, the approaches of submerged co-cultivation and microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) were combined and evaluated over the course of three case studies. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus was co-cultivated with Penicillium rubens, Streptomyces rimosus, or Cerrena unicolor in shake flasks with or without the addition of aluminum oxide microparticles. The influence of microparticles on the production of lovastatin, penicillin G, oxytetracycline, and laccase in co-cultures was compared with the effects recorded for the corresponding monocultures. In addition, the quantitative analyses of morphological parameters, sugars consumption, and by-products formation were performed. The study demonstrated that the influence of microparticles on the production of a given molecule in mono- and co-culture may differ considerably, e.g., the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline was shown to be inhibited due to the presence of aluminum oxide in "A. terreus vs. S. rimosus" co-cultivation variants but not in S. rimosus monocultures. The differences were also observed regarding the morphological characteristics, e.g., the microparticles-induced changes of projected area in the co-cultures and the corresponding monocultures were not always comparable. In addition, the study showed the importance of medium composition on the outcomes of MPEC, as exemplified by lovastatin production in A. terreus monocultures. Finally, the co-cultures of A. terreus with a white-rot fungus C. unicolor were described here for the first time. KEY POINTS: • Aluminum oxide affects secondary metabolites production in submerged co-cultures. • Mono- and co-cultures are differently impacted by the addition of aluminum oxide. • Effect of aluminum oxide on metabolites production depends on medium composition.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Basidiomycota; Coculture Techniques; Lovastatin; Oxytetracycline
PubMed: 35906994
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12087-7 -
Lasers in Medical Science Aug 2023Conventional surface roughening treatments used for silica-based ceramics in order to improve subsequent adhesion become unreliable for zirconia ceramics. Laser...
In vitro comparative study between adhesion forces obtained on zirconia ceramic micromechanically treated with femtosecond laser (1027 nm), carbon dioxide laser (10,600 nm), and aluminum-oxide particles.
Conventional surface roughening treatments used for silica-based ceramics in order to improve subsequent adhesion become unreliable for zirconia ceramics. Laser conditioning can be a good alternative. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare conventional (macro) shear bond strength (SBS) values obtained between resin composite and zirconium oxide ceramic samples grouped according to different micromechanical treatments received, and examine differences in surface roughness. One-hundred and fifty disks of sintered zirconia were randomly divided into 5 groups and roughened as follows: (1) Group NOT, no surface treatment; (2) Group APA, abraded with 50-μm aluminum-oxide (AlO) particles; (3) Group TBS, abraded with 30-μm aluminum-oxide particles covered with silica; (4) Group CO2, irradiated with a CO laser which emitted in continuous wave mode at 3 W of power; and (5) Group FEM, irradiated with a pulsed femtosecond laser, with an incident energy of 10 μJ, a frequency of 1000 Hz, and a fluence of 1.3 kJ/cm. All surfaces were treated with a MDP-containing adhesive/silane coupling agent mixture upon which were prepared and light polymerized composite resin cylinders. Shear bond strength was measured and samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among all groups, except between CO and FEM, which showed the highest adhesion values (15.12 ± 2.35 MPa and 16.03 ± 2.73 MPa). SEM revealed differences in surface patterns. CO laser irradiation can be an alternative to sandblasting, although it could also weaken the ceramic. Suitable surface patterns on zirconia ceramics can be obtained with ultrashort pulsed radiation emitted by a pulsed femtosecond laser.
Topics: Lasers, Gas; Aluminum; Carbon Dioxide; Aluminum Oxide; Ceramics; Composite Resins
PubMed: 37626207
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03859-2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The existing study pronounces two newly developed spectrofluorimetric probes for the assay of ambroxol hydrochloride in its authentic and commercial formulations using...
Comparative Study for Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Using Aluminum Metal Transfer Chelation Complex and Biogenic Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Using Flowers Extract.
The existing study pronounces two newly developed spectrofluorimetric probes for the assay of ambroxol hydrochloride in its authentic and commercial formulations using an aluminum chelating complex and a biogenically mediated and synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlONPs) from flower extract. The first probe is based on the formation of an aluminum charge transfer complex. However, the second probe is based on the effect of the unique optical characteristics of AlONPs in the enhancement of fluorescence detection. The biogenically synthesized AlONPs were confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. The fluorescence detections in the two probes were measured at a λ of 260 and 244 and a λ of 460 and 369 nm for the two suggested probes, respectively. The findings showed that the fluorescence intensity (FI) covered linear concentration ranges of 0.1-200 ng mL and 1.0-100 ng mL with a regression of ˃0.999 for AMH-AlONPs-SDS and AMH-Al(NO)-SDS, respectively. The lower detection and quantification limits were evaluated and found to be 0.04 and 0.1 ng mL and 0.7 and 0.1 ng/mL for the abovementioned fluorescence probes, respectively. The two suggested probes were successfully applied for the assay of ambroxol hydrochloride (AMH) with excellent percentage recoveries of 99.65% and 99.85%, respectively. Excipients such as glycerol and benzoic acid used as additives in pharmaceutical preparations, several common cations, and amino acids, as well as sugars, were all found to have no interference with the approach.
Topics: Ambroxol; Aluminum Oxide; Aluminum; Lavandula; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Chelating Agents; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36903454
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052210 -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2019The present paper describes efficient immobilization of L-glutaminase free L-asparaginase for developing a new therapeutic system for anticancer therapy. L-asparaginase...
The present paper describes efficient immobilization of L-glutaminase free L-asparaginase for developing a new therapeutic system for anticancer therapy. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) was covalently immobilized on the functionalized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AONP) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TONP). The nano-bioconjugates (AONP-ASNase and TONP-ASNase) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectral analysis that revealed the successful immobilization. The nano-bioconjugates were optimally active at pH 7.0 and 40 °C. TONP-ASNase activity was enhanced in the presence of NH (160%) and Mn (165%) while AONP-ASNase bioconjugates showed increased relative activity with ethyl acetate (142%) and toluene (160%). The nano-bioconjugates displayed excellent reusability and maintained >90% average activity after nine successive cycles. Maximum cytotoxicity (61%) was noticed with AONP-ASNase (10 μg/ml) against human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Regarding kinetic values, AONP-ASNase showed better affinity (K 1.9 μmol) to L-asparagine as compared to free L-ASNase. After 23 days storage at 37 °C, bioconjugates retained 40% residual activity while free L-ASNase was completely deactivated. Thermodynamic characterization revealed higher conversion rate of the E-S complex in case of nano-bioconjugates.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Catalysis; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nanoparticles; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Titanium
PubMed: 31170492
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.154 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023During the secondary production of aluminum, upon melting the scrap in a furnace, there is the possibility of developing an aluminothermic reaction, which produces...
During the secondary production of aluminum, upon melting the scrap in a furnace, there is the possibility of developing an aluminothermic reaction, which produces oxides in the molten metal bath. Aluminum oxides must be identified and removed from the bath, as they modify the chemical composition and reduce the purity of the product. Furthermore, accurate measurement of molten aluminum level in a casting furnace is crucial to obtain an optimal liquid metal flow rate which influences the final product quality and process efficiency. This paper proposes methods for the identification of aluminothermic reactions and molten aluminum levels in aluminum furnaces. An RGB Camera was used to acquire video from the furnace interior, and computer vision algorithms were developed to identify the aluminothermic reaction and melt level. The algorithms were developed to process the image frames of video acquired from the furnace. Results showed that the proposed system allowed the online identification of the aluminothermic reaction and the molten aluminum level present inside the furnace at a computation time of 0.7 s and 0.4 s per frame, respectively. The advantages and limitations of the different algorithms are presented and discussed.
Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Oxide; Oxides
PubMed: 37420673
DOI: 10.3390/s23125506 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Dec 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of AlO, FeO, and Cu nanoparticles with chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays on...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of AlO, FeO, and Cu nanoparticles with chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays on the bone marrow of male BALB/c mice. Three doses of AlO, FeO (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg), or Cu (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) nanoparticles were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection once a day for 14 days and compared with negative control (distilled water) and positive control (mitomycin C and methyl methanesulphonate). AlO and FeO did not show genotoxic effects, but Cu nanoparticles induced significant (P<0.05) genotoxicity at the highest concentration compared to negative control. Our findings add to the health risk information of AlO, FeO, and Cu nanoparticles regarding human exposure (occupational and/or through consumer products or medical treatment), and may provide regulatory reference for safe use of these nanoparticles. However, before they can be used safely and released into the environment further chronic studies are essential.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosome Aberrations; Comet Assay; Copper; DNA Damage; Ferric Compounds; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Micronucleus Tests
PubMed: 34985838
DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3578 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2020The widespread use of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) unavoidably causes the release of NPs into the environment, potentially having unforeseen consequences for...
The widespread use of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) unavoidably causes the release of NPs into the environment, potentially having unforeseen consequences for biological processes. Due to the well-known issue of Al phytoxicity, plant interactions with AlO NPs are cause for concern, but these interactions remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of AlO NPs on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to elucidate the similarities and differences in plant growth responses when compared to those of Al ions. Seed germination, root length, biomass production, and uptake of Al and nutrients were measured from hydroponically-grown lettuce with varying concentrations of AlO NPs (0, 0.4, 1, and 2 mg/mL) or AlCl (0, 0.04, 0.4, and 1 mg/mL). The AlO NPs treatments had a positive influence on root elongation, whereas AlCl significantly reduced emerging root lengths. While 0.4 mg/mL AlO NPs promoted biomass, 1 and 2 mg/mL showed a 10.4% and 17.9% decrease in biomass, respectively, when compared to the control. Similarly, 0.4 and 1 mg/mL AlCl reduced biomass to 22.3% and 9.96%, respectively. Both treatments increased Al uptake by roots linearly; however, translocation of AlO NPs into shoots was limited, whereas translocation of AlCl increased with increasing treatment concentration. Further, AlO NPs adsorbed on the roots serve as adsorbents for macronutrients, promoting their absorption and uptake in plants, but not micronutrients. Calcium uptake was the most inhibited by AlCl. A new in vivo imaging technique, with elemental analysis, confirmed that AlO NPs were assimilated as particles, not ions, suggesting that the observed phytotoxicity is not due to Al ions being released from the NPs. Thus, it is concluded that AlO NPs pose less phytoxicity than AlCl, primarily due to NPs role on stimulated root growth, significant adsorption/aggregation on roots, limited lateral translocation to shoots, and increased uptake of macronutrients.
Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Oxide; Cations; Lactuca; Metal Nanoparticles; Plant Roots
PubMed: 32145490
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137393 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023The global "copper-poor and aluminum-rich" situation has made the possibility of "copper saving with aluminum" an important topic. This study established a framework for...
The global "copper-poor and aluminum-rich" situation has made the possibility of "copper saving with aluminum" an important topic. This study established a framework for analyzing multiple substances' coupled flows at the product level based on material flow analysis (MFA), and took the household air conditioning system of the Chinese mainland in 2020 as an example to characterize the coupled flows of aluminum and copper. The results showed that the system consumed 0.69 million tons of aluminum and 2.10 million tons of copper, and discharged 0.17 million tons of aluminum and 0.43 million tons of copper to the environment cumulatively to achieve 13.2 million terajoules of final heat exchanged and serve 1.24 billion square meters during lifetime in mainland China alone, secondary aluminum and copper accounted for only 22.61% and 24.83% of the total consumption, and the in-use stocks increased by 0.19 million tons of aluminum and 0.70 million tons of copper. The external dependency of copper ore was 92.83%, which was significantly higher than the 44.29% of bauxite. The comprehensive utilization efficiency of copper reached 77.88%, which was slightly higher than the 70.80% of aluminum. The conclusion indicates that under the premise of meeting use requirements, promoting "replacing copper with aluminum" can improve the stability and safety of China's material supply chain, but there is a need to further boost the production efficiency of aluminum in primary production.
Topics: Aluminum; Copper; Air Conditioning; China; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 37991616
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30861-6 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2022The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near...
The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near the three deserts such as the Aralkum, Karakum, and Kyzylkum. The dust particles fell on glass have been collected in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm and studied systematically by employing wide range of methods. Particle volume vs size distribution has been measured with maximum around 600 nm and ~ 10 µm. The major and minor constituent materials present in the dust have been studied systematically by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Main characteristic absorption bands corresponding to Si-O, Si-O-Si bonding in quartz and Fe-O bonds in hematite FeO have been identified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Quartz, hematite, lime, corundum, magnesia, and several other trace minerals have been identified in the dust particles. X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to quartz, hematite, and corundum are sharp and are found to be more crystalline with some level of disorder. Analysis of the particle size and crystallinity on human being has been performed: disordered or crystalline quartz can create the lung disease; the particles in the size of 0.5-0.7 µm may produce diseases such as chronic silicosis, silicosis, and silica tuberculosis whereas hematite might create lung disease. Dust particles worsen optical transmittance of glass of the panels.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Dust; Humans; Particle Size; Quartz; Silicosis; Uzbekistan
PubMed: 35084677
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18827-6 -
Toxicology and Industrial Health Oct 2021Recently, nanoparticles are emerging as a potential alternative to synthetic pesticides for protection against stored-product insect pests, such as the rice weevil ;... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Recently, nanoparticles are emerging as a potential alternative to synthetic pesticides for protection against stored-product insect pests, such as the rice weevil ; however, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on nontarget organisms are not yet understood. Therefore, we investigated the insecticidal effects of synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO-NPs) on , as well as their potential toxicity in albino rats. mortality increased as the period of AlO-NP exposure increased; 100% mortality was reached at 8000 mg AlO-NPs/kg of wheat grain after 7 days of exposure. After 60 days of exposure, all tested AlO-NPs concentrations (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg grain) significantly reduced the number of offspring in a dose-dependent manner. In albino rats, exposure to the LC of AlO-NPs in a treated diet caused a significant decrease in total body weight and an increase in liver weight in a subacute toxicity test. Moreover, AlO-NP treatment elevated the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine in exposed rats relative to control rats, while the uric acid levels of treated rats decreased. Histopathological analysis also revealed various hepatic and renal lesions in treated rats. In summary, although AlO-NPs have insecticidal effects, they also have hazardous toxicological effects on rats. Therefore, if AlO-NPs are used in the current powder form to protect stored products, they may cause adverse effects to workers and consumers. Further research will be required to develop new nanoformulations with increased safety and potency before these nanoparticles can be used in stored-product pest control.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Insecticides; Liver; Metal Nanoparticles; Mortality; Nanoparticles; Rats; Triticum; Weevils
PubMed: 34486900
DOI: 10.1177/07482337211035000