-
Applied Immunohistochemistry &...Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor. The spindle cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma (SCAC) is exceedingly rare with 15...
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor. The spindle cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma (SCAC) is exceedingly rare with 15 cases of SCAC having been reported. Therefore, because of the paucity of cases in literature related to SCAC, the biological behavior of the entity has not been well evaluated. Herein the authors report a case of incidentally diagnosed SCAC in a 20-year-old woman identified on imaging as part of the evaluation of a work-related facial injury. Histologically, the tumor had background of cystic ameloblastoma with areas of dense hypercellular spindle cells with short-to-long intersecting fascicles and occasional herringbone pattern intermixed with solid epithelial nests. Both the epithelial and spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin including cytokeratin 19, D2-40, and transducin-like enhancer of split proteins-1 immunohistochemical stains. The patient was followed for 18 months with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. To the knowledge this is a first case of reporting D2-40 positivity in spindle ameloblastic carcinoma and this immunostain could be used as helpful marker to diagnose this entity.
Topics: Adult; Ameloblastoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw Neoplasms; Sarcoma
PubMed: 33480603
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000898 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dec 2020Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic...
PURPOSE
Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic development and not expressed in adult tissue, but some tumours are accompanied by reactivation.
METHODS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cripto-1 in most common odontogenic cysts and tumours. Thirty ameloblastomas, 30 keratocysts, 30 dentigerous cysts and two ameloblastic carcinomas were evaluated using the polymeric immunoperoxidase technique. Immunohistochemical expressions were analysed by the IRS (immunoreactive score). Statistical analyses were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS
Age ranged from 9 to 75 years old, with a prevalence of females (n = 49/53.3%). The mandible was the most affected anatomical site (n = 69/75.0%). Cripto-1 immunoexpression was observed in all ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases, although nine dentigerous cyst cases (30%) were negative. Expression scores were higher in ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases (median ranging from 8 to 11) when compared with dentigerous cyst cases (median of 2), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Cripto-1 is critically important in the progression of several tumours since it is related to significant cell survival and differentiation pathways. The high expression of Cripto-1 in more aggressive odontogenic lesions suggests that this molecule may be involved in the activation of important pathways related to the etiopathogenesis of these lesions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ameloblastoma; Child; Dentigerous Cyst; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Teratocarcinoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 32623516
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00877-0 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Jan 2022Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic neoplasm, but with an aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate. Nowadays wide surgical resection is the current...
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic neoplasm, but with an aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate. Nowadays wide surgical resection is the current recommended treatment, which can cause further loss of function and esthetics. Recent studies point to the stem/progenitor cells as both initiators and propagators of the tumors. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor stem cells is of broad interest for understanding tumorigenesis and for developing effective targeted therapies. SRY related HMG box gene 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that plays important roles in development, stem cell renewal, and cancer formation. Few studies have revealed increased SOX2 expression in atypical ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. For the development of personalized medicine for ameloblastoma, biomarkers that provide prognostic or predictive information regarding a tumor's nature or its response to treatment are essential. Thus, in this study, we aimed to study if SOX2-positive cells exist in ameloblastomas and their correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters. Our data suggested BRAF(V600E) mutation might contribute to the expansion of SOX2-positive cells. The identification of BRAF(V600E) mutation and the amplification of SOX2-positive cells in ameloblastomas imply the possible benefit of applying BRAF and SOX2 inhibitors in recurrent and un-resectable ameloblastomas.
PubMed: 35055392
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010077 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Apr 2021Giraffes () are commonly managed in zoos and conservation programs worldwide, but the current understanding of the occurrence and progression of neoplastic disease in...
Giraffes () are commonly managed in zoos and conservation programs worldwide, but the current understanding of the occurrence and progression of neoplastic disease in this species is limited by the scarcity of published reports. This study collated documented cases of neoplasia on the basis of gross and histologic evaluation of ante- and postmortem samples. In total, 30 giraffes from 22 institutions across the United States were included. Subspecies was not reported in all cases, but those identified included Masai (), Rothschild (), and reticulated subspecies (). Thirteen animals died natural deaths, 15 were euthanized, and 2 were alive at the time of this article. A total of 38 tumors were reported and classified as 18 different diagnoses, including leiomyoma (7), adenoma (4), luteoma (4), lymphoma (4), pheochromocytoma (3), squamous cell carcinoma (3), adenocarcinoma (2), ameloblastic fibroma (1), carcinomatosis of undetermined cell lineage (1), cavernous hemangioma (1), cystic granulosa cell tumor (1), dysgerminoma (1), fibrosarcoma (1), leukemia (1), lipoma (1), pituitary nerve sheath tumor (1), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), and teratoma (1). Multiple concurrent neoplastic lesions were documented in six cases. Mesenchymal tumors (18) were the majority of neoplasms. The most prevalent location, regardless of tumor type, was the female reproductive tract (14). Twenty-four neoplastic lesions were incidental findings at necropsy, whereas eight neoplasms were considered to be the primary cause of death. The findings reported here identify multiple neoplastic lesions in giraffes and could provide insight to the future management of this species.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Female; Giraffes; Male; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; United States
PubMed: 33827195
DOI: 10.1638/2020-0100 -
Cancer Medicine Dec 2019Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is defined as a rare primary epithelial odontogenic malignant neoplasm and the malignant counterpart of benign epithelial odontogenic tumor...
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is defined as a rare primary epithelial odontogenic malignant neoplasm and the malignant counterpart of benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of ameloblastoma (AB) by the WHO classification. AC develops pulmonary metastasis in about one third of the patients and reveals a poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms of AC oncogenesis remain unclear. In this report, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms of malignant transformation of AB or AC carcinogenesis. The relatively important genes in the malignant transformation of AB were screened by DNA microarray analysis, and the expression and localization of related proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry using samples of AB and secondary AC. Two genes of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF1A) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were significantly and relatively upregulated in AC than in AB. Both genes were closely related in hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, expressions of HIF-1α and ZEB1 proteins were significantly stronger in AC than in AB. In the cell assays using ameloblastoma cell line, AM-1, hypoxia condition upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and induced EMT. Furthermore, the hypoxia-induced morphological change and cell migration ability were inhibited by an antiallergic medicine tranilast. Finally, we concluded that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and ZEB1 were critical for the malignant transformation of AB via TGF-β-dependent EMT. Then, both HIF-1α and ZEB1 could be potential biomarkers to predict the malignant transformation of AB.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ameloblastoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Young Adult; Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
PubMed: 31674718
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2667 -
Cureus Nov 2023Ameloblastoma is a benign yet locally aggressive tumor of the jaw bones and is most commonly found in the lower mandibular region. Histologically, it shows benign...
Ameloblastoma is a benign yet locally aggressive tumor of the jaw bones and is most commonly found in the lower mandibular region. Histologically, it shows benign characteristics. However, ameloblastoma can turn malignant to show a more aggressive clinical course. Carcinoma ex ameloblastoma is an extremely rare malignancy arising from a pre-existing long-standing ameloblastoma or a recurrence of an ameloblastoma. According to the literature search, six to seven cases have so far been documented, and the majority of the lesions had a propensity to metastasize. Here, we present a case of carcinoma ex ameloblastoma implicating a 19-year-old male patient manifesting in the mandible, which arises from pre-existing ameloblastoma.
PubMed: 38156168
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49536 -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... Sep 2019Odontogenic tumors present as locally invasive, slow growing, firm swellings on the face. They are rare in all species and are characterized histologically by the degree...
Odontogenic tumors present as locally invasive, slow growing, firm swellings on the face. They are rare in all species and are characterized histologically by the degree of differentiation and dental tissue of origin. Radiographic appearance is not pathognomonic for these lesions. Computed tomographic (CT) examination allows exact determination of tumor extension and aggressiveness. The objectives of this retrospective, case series study were to describe the clinical presentation, CT characteristics, and outcome in horses with histologically confirmed odontogenic tumors, and to identify imaging features suggestive of individual types of tumors. Four ameloblastomas, two ameloblastic carcinomas, three ameloblastic fibromas, and two complex odontomas were included. All but one complex odontoma presented as a single mass. All tumors were associated with maxillary or mandibular bone expansion, alveolar and cortical bone lysis, and cortical bone thinning. The majority also had cortical bone thickening and periosteal proliferation. All tumors contained some degree of mineral attenuation, although only the complex odontomas contained enamel attenuation allowing differentiation from other types of odontogenic tumors in this study. Ameloblastomas were found to have variable CT characteristics likely due to the sub-groups of ameloblastomas. Both ameloblastic carcinomas contained a mixture of mineralized and soft tissue attenuating material whereas ameloblastic fibromas were mainly composed of soft tissue attenuating material. Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic tumors generally indicate that they are expansile, aggressive tumors and can occur in a wide range of ages. Further investigation is needed to elucidate differences between each type of equine odontogenic tumor.
Topics: Animals; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Odontogenic Tumors; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31359553
DOI: 10.1111/vru.12793 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that may lead to ameloblastic carcinoma. This study aimed to determine potential signaling pathways and biological processes,...
OBJECTIVE
Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that may lead to ameloblastic carcinoma. This study aimed to determine potential signaling pathways and biological processes, critical genes and their regulating transcription factors (TFs), and miRNAs, as well as protein kinases involved in the etiology of primary ameloblastoma.
METHODS
The dataset GSE132472 was obtained from the GEO database, and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in primary ameloblastoma tissues compared to the corresponding normal gingiva samples. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) map was built using the STRING database. The Cytoscape software identified significant modules and the hub genes within the PPI network. Gene Ontology annotation and signaling pathway analyses were executed by employing the DAVID and Reactome databases, respectively. Significant TFs and miRNAs acting on the hub genes were identified using the iRegulon plugin and MiRWalk 2.0 database, respectively. A protein kinase enrichment analysis was conducted using the online Kinase Enrichment Analysis 2 (KEA2) web server. The approved drugs acting on the hub genes were also found.
RESULTS
A total of 1,629 genes were differentially expressed in primary ameloblastoma ( value <0.01 and |Log2FC| > 1). , , , , , , and demonstrated high degree and betweenness centralities in the PPI network. was the most significant TF acting on the hub genes. was the protein kinase significantly enriched by the TFs. Cholesterol biosynthesis was considerably involved in primary ameloblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides an intuition into the potential mechanisms involved in the etiology of ameloblastoma.
PubMed: 36160115
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3316313 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2020
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Medical Illustration; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 30995861
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319841179 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &...Odontogenic lesions (OL) are an important group of oral and maxillofacial diseases represented by odontogenic cysts, benign, and malignant tumors. The brain-derived... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Observational Study
Odontogenic lesions (OL) are an important group of oral and maxillofacial diseases represented by odontogenic cysts, benign, and malignant tumors. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway has multiple biological actions and has been identified as an important pathway in the proliferation, invasion, and survival of different epithelial tumors. Its role in the development of OL, however, has so far been unexplored. Our aim was to evaluate the BDNF/TrkB/Akt/p-RPS6 signaling pathway in OL of epithelial origin. This cross-sectional study comprised 3 cases of tooth germs, 25 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OK), 29 cases of ameloblastoma (Am), and 6 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for BDNF, TrkB, p-Akt, and p-RPS6 was performed. OLs were evaluated according to the pattern of immunohistochemical expression in epithelial cells and by semiquantitative scores that considered the intensity of staining and percentage of positive cells. BDNF stromal expression was also assessed. No significant differences were observed with respect to the percentage of positive cases for all markers. Regarding the immunoreactive scores, BDNF and p-RPS6 expressions were similar in the odontogenic epithelium of all OL. However, TrkB and p-Akt were overexpressed in OK compared with ameloblastic carcinoma. In Am, epithelial BDNF was significantly higher compared with stromal expression. In conclusion, BDNF seems to participate in the development of cystic, benign, and malignant odontogenic epithelium to similar degrees. The acquisition of the invasive or malignant phenotype in odontogenic neoplasms is not associated with alterations in the BDNF/TrkB/Akt/RPS6 axis, which could be implicated in the differentiation process.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Female; Humans; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Receptor, trkB; Signal Transduction; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 32941187
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000874