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Inflammopharmacology Jun 2024This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two oral Symptomatic Slow Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs)-Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
AIM
This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two oral Symptomatic Slow Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs)-Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A detailed literature search was performed from 03/1994 to 31/12/2022 using various electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, using the search terms-Glucosamine sulfate (GS), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), Knee osteoarthritis, Joint pain, Joint disease, and Joint structure, for literature concerning glucosamine, chondroitin, and their combination in knee osteoarthritis treatment. Cochrane Collaboration's Risk assessment tool (version 5.4.1) was used for assessing the risk of bias and the quality of the literature. The data was extracted from the included studies and subjected to statistical analysis to determine the beneficial effect of Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, and their combination.
RESULTS
Twenty-five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review. In short, exclusively 9 RCTs for GS, 13 RCTs for CS, and 3 RCTs for the combination of GS and CS. All these studies had their treatment groups compared with placebo. In the meta-analysis, CS showed a significant reduction in pain intensity, and improved physical function compared to the placebo; GS showed a significant reduction in tibiofemoral joint space narrowing. While the combination of GS and CS showed neither a reduction in pain intensity, nor any improvement in the physical function. However, the combination exhibited a non-significant reduction in joint space narrowing. In the safety evaluation, both CS and GS have shown good safety profile and were well tolerated.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis revealed that the CS (with decreased pain intensity and improvement in the physical function), and GS (with significant reduction in the joint space narrowing) have significant therapeutic benefits. However, their combination did not significantly improve the symptoms or modify the disease. This may be due to the limited trials that are available on the combination of the sulfate forms of the intervention. Hence, there is a scope for conducting multicentric randomised controlled trials to evaluate and conclude the therapeutic role of CS and GS combination in the management of KOA.
Topics: Chondroitin Sulfates; Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Glucosamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38581640
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01460-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities.... (Review)
Review
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of -glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2--aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Lewis Acids; Carbohydrates; Glycoconjugates; Aminoglycosides; Cardiac Glycosides; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 37375279
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124724 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Dec 2021We recently reported the incorporation of diazirine photo-cross-linkers onto the -GlcNAc posttranslational modification in mammalian cells, enabling the identification...
We recently reported the incorporation of diazirine photo-cross-linkers onto the -GlcNAc posttranslational modification in mammalian cells, enabling the identification of binding partners of -GlcNAcylated proteins. Unfortunately, the syntheses of the diazirine-functionalized substrates have exhibited inconsistent yields. We report a robust and stereoselective synthesis of cell-permeable GlcNAc-1-phosphate esters based on the use of commercially available bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine. We demonstrate this approach for two diazirine-containing GlcNAc analogues, and we report the cellular incorporation of these compounds into glycoconjugates to support photo-cross-linking applications.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Diazomethane; Glycoconjugates; Phosphates; Proteins
PubMed: 34618463
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01781 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jul 2021The synthesis of 4--alkyl analogues of -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and the scope of the reaction are described. Activated alkyl halides and sulfonates and primary...
The synthesis of 4--alkyl analogues of -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and the scope of the reaction are described. Activated alkyl halides and sulfonates and primary alkyl iodides give products in useful yields. The utility of the methodology is exemplified using a thiophenyl Neu5Ac building block to synthesize a 4--alkyl DANA analogue. These results expand the toolbox of Neu5Ac chemistry with value in drug discovery and for the design of novel tools to study the biology of Neu5Ac lectins.
Topics: N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Sialic Acids
PubMed: 34138565
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00235 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2020Amino sugars, particularly glucosamine (GlcN) and -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), are abundant carbon and nitrogen sources supplied in host secretions and in the diet to...
Amino sugars, particularly glucosamine (GlcN) and -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), are abundant carbon and nitrogen sources supplied in host secretions and in the diet to the biofilms colonizing the human oral cavity. Evidence is emerging that these amino sugars provide ecological advantages to beneficial commensals over oral pathogens and pathobionts. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis on and growing in single-species or dual-species cultures with glucose, GlcN, or GlcNAc as the primary carbohydrate source. Compared to glucose, GlcN caused drastic transcriptomic shifts in each species of bacteria when it was cultured alone. Likewise, cocultivation in the presence of GlcN yielded transcriptomic profiles that were dramatically different from the single-species results from GlcN-grown cells. In contrast, GlcNAc elicited only minor changes in the transcriptome of either organism in single- and dual-species cultures. Interestingly, genes involved in pyruvate metabolism were among the most significantly affected by GlcN in both species, and these changes were consistent with measurements of pyruvate in culture supernatants. Differing from what was found in a previous report, growth of alone with GlcN inhibited the expression of multiple operons required for mutacin production. Cocultivation with consistently increased the expression of two manganese transporter operons ( and ) and decreased expression of mutacin genes in Conversely, appeared to be less affected by the presence of but did show increases in genes for biosynthetic processes in the cocultures. In conclusion, amino sugars profoundly alter the interactions between pathogenic and commensal streptococci by reprogramming central metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism is central to the development of dental caries. A variety of sugars available to dental microorganisms influence the development of caries by affecting the physiology, ecology, and pathogenic potential of tooth biofilms. Using two well-characterized oral bacteria, one pathogen () and one commensal (), in an RNA deep-sequencing analysis, we studied the impact of two abundant amino sugars on bacterial gene expression and interspecies interactions. The results indicated large-scale remodeling of gene expression induced by GlcN in particular, affecting bacterial energy generation, acid production, protein synthesis, and release of antimicrobial molecules. Our study provides novel insights into how amino sugars modify bacterial behavior, information that will be valuable in the design of new technologies to detect and prevent oral infectious diseases.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Genes, Bacterial; Microbiota; Mouth; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus mutans; Symbiosis
PubMed: 33097515
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01459-20 -
BioTechniques Feb 2021Five established clearing protocols were compared with a modified and simplified method to determine an optimal clearing reagent for three-dimensionally visualizing...
Five established clearing protocols were compared with a modified and simplified method to determine an optimal clearing reagent for three-dimensionally visualizing fluorophores in the murine liver, a challenging organ to clear. We report successful clearing of whole liver lobes by modification of an established protocol (UbasM) using only Ub-1, a urea-based amino sugar reagent, in a simpler protocol that requires only a 24-h processing time. With Ub-1 alone, we observed sufficiently preserved liver tissue structure in three dimensions along with excellent preservation of fluorophore emissions from endogenous protein reporters and lipophilic tracer dyes. This streamlined technique can be used for 3D cell lineage tracing and fluoroprobe-based reporter gene expression to compare various experimental conditions.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Animals; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Liver; Mice; Urea
PubMed: 33467918
DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0063 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has continued to increase globally, and NAFLD has become a worldwide...
Glucosamine Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat and High-Sugar Diet through Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Lipid Metabolism.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has continued to increase globally, and NAFLD has become a worldwide public health problem. Glucosamine (GLC) is an amino monosaccharide derivative of glucose. GLC has been proven to not only be effective in anti-inflammation applications, but also to modulate the gut microbiota effectively. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effect of GLC in the NAFLD context and the mechanisms underlying these effects were explored. Specifically, an NAFLD model was established by feeding mice a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD), and the HFHSD-fed NAFLD mice were treated with GLC. First, we investigated the effect of treating NAFLD mice with GLC by analyzing serum- and liver-related indicator levels. We found that GLC attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation, increased antioxidant function, and attenuated serum and liver lipid metabolism in the mice. Then, we investigated the mechanism underlying liver lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in these mice. We found that GLC can improve liver lipid metabolism and relieve insulin resistance and oxidative stress levels. In addition, GLC treatment increased intestinal barrier function, reduced LPS translocation, and reduced liver inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby effectively ameliorating liver lesions in NAFLD mice.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Lipid Metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Glucosamine; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; Inflammation; Hepatitis; Sugars; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37836761
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196918 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Oct 2020-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (NeuAc) has attracted considerable attention because of its wide-ranging applications. The use of cheap carbon sources such as glucose without...
-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (NeuAc) has attracted considerable attention because of its wide-ranging applications. The use of cheap carbon sources such as glucose without the addition of any precursor in microbial NeuAc production has many advantages. In this study, improved NeuAc production was attained through the optimization of amino sugar metabolism pathway kinetics and reservation of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) pool in . -acylglucosamine 2-epimerase and -acetylneuraminate synthase from different sources and their best combinations were used to obtain optimized enzyme kinetics and expression intensity, which resulted in a significant increase in NeuAc production. Next, after a design was engineered for enabling the PEP metabolic pathway to retain the PEP pool, the production of NeuAc reached 16.7 g/L, which is the highest NeuAc production rate that has been reported from using glucose as the sole carbon source.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Escherichia coli; Glucose; Metabolic Engineering; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Phosphoenolpyruvate
PubMed: 32960055
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04725 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Nov 2019Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique, well-characterised carbohydrate polymer highly-expressed on the cell surface of neurons in the early stages of mammalian brain... (Review)
Review
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique, well-characterised carbohydrate polymer highly-expressed on the cell surface of neurons in the early stages of mammalian brain development. Post-embryogenesis, it is also re-expressed in a number of tumours of neuroendocrine origin. It plays important roles in modulating cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion and migration, tumour invasion and metastasis. Techniques for structural and quantitative characterisation of polySia from tumours and cancer cells are thus essential in exploring the relationship between polySia expression levels and structural and functional changes associated with cancer progression and metastasis. A variety of techniques have been developed to structurally and quantitatively analyse polySia in clinical tissues and other biological samples. In this review, analytical approaches used for the determination of polySia in biological matrices in the past 20 years are discussed, with a particular focus on chemical approaches, and quantitative analysis.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Humans; Sialic Acids
PubMed: 31472857
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115145 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP 2021O-GlcNAcylation, the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine residue to serine and threonine residues of cytoplasmic, nuclear, or mitochondrial proteins, is a... (Review)
Review
O-GlcNAcylation, the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine residue to serine and threonine residues of cytoplasmic, nuclear, or mitochondrial proteins, is a widespread regulatory posttranslational modification. It is involved in the response to nutritional status and stress, and its dysregulation is associated with diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to diabetes. Although the modification was first detected over 35 years ago, research into the function of O-GlcNAcylation has accelerated dramatically in the last 10 years owing to the development of new enrichment and mass spectrometry techniques that facilitate its analysis. This article summarizes methods for O-GlcNAc enrichment, key mass spectrometry instrumentation advancements, particularly those that allow modification site localization, and software tools that allow analysis of data from O-GlcNAc-modified peptides.
Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Animals; Humans; Immunoprecipitation; Lectins; Mass Spectrometry; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Software
PubMed: 32938750
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.R120.002206