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Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte steatosis and adipose accumulation with the main lesion in the hepatic...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte steatosis and adipose accumulation with the main lesion in the hepatic lobule, but without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may further accumulate fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. Many studies have found that ginseng can treat NAFLD. (20 R)-Panaxadiol (PD) is a panax ginseng diol type compound, has been proved that can treat the obesity. This study wants to investigate the effect of PD on non-alcoholic liver disease. We used 20 ob/ob mice and 10 C57BL/6 J mice. C57BL/6 J mice as CONTROL group, ob/ob mice were divided into model group and PD group. In PD group, ob/ob mice were treated with PD for eight weeks(10 mg/kg, the CON and OB group was given the same amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), detected the weight, food intake and serum index, observed the HE staining of liver and intestine, performed the 16 S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics analysis used mice feces, and verify the results by detect the expression of TNF-α, MDA and SOD. In vivo results, PD can improve abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and liver function. In 16 S rRNA result, we found beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus increased; in untargeted metabolomics analysis, inflammatory metabolites prostaglandin (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased, antioxidant metabolites FAD and lipoic acid increased. Then, we proceeded the association analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites, the result showed gut microbiota have strongly associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites. In addition, PD improves intestinal wall integrity. Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α、MDA and SOD were detected, it was verified that PD has the effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Our study showed that PD, as an active ingredient of ginseng, can play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role by improving intestinal metabolites, thereby preventing and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to a certain extent.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Antioxidants; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Liver; Obesity; Superoxide Dismutase; Metabolomics; Feces
PubMed: 37473506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115555 -
Artificial Organs Aug 2023Existing artificial anal sphincter studies have shown that biomechanical compatibility problem between artificial anal sphincter and rectum caused by long-term...
BACKGROUND
Existing artificial anal sphincter studies have shown that biomechanical compatibility problem between artificial anal sphincter and rectum caused by long-term morphological changes of the tissue surrounding the implanted prosthesis can lead to device failure or tissue ischemic necrosis. In this article, a mechanical artificial anal sphincter with constant force clamping is designed based on the superelasticity of shape memory alloys, which improved the biomechanical compatibility of implantable artificial anal sphincter.
METHODS
Firstly, the anatomical structure and the biomechanical properties of the rectum are analyzed to obtain the size parameters and material parameters of the rectal model. Secondly, a novel artificial anal sphincter with constant force is designed to improve the biomechanical compatibility between the artificial sphincter and the rectum. Thirdly, the static analysis of artificial anal sphincter is carried out by finite element analysis.
RESULTS
The simulation results show that the artificial anal sphincter can maintain a constant clamping force of 4 N within a certain variation range of intestinal tissue thickness, which verifies the constant force characteristic of the artificial anal sphincter. The constant clamping force of the artificial anal sphincter to the rectum is 4 N that is greater than the clamping force 3.99 N required to close the rectum, which verifies the effectiveness the artificial anal sphincter. The surface contact stress and the minimum principal stress of the rectum in the clamping state are less than the pressure threshold, which verifies the safety of the artificial anal sphincter.
CONCLUSIONS
The novel artificial anal sphincter has better biomechanical compatibility and improves the mechanical match between artificial sphincter and intestinal tissue. This study may provide more reasonable and effective simulation data for in vivo experiments of artificial anal sphincter in future, which may provide theoretical and technical support for further research about clinical application of artificial anal sphincter.
Topics: Humans; Anal Canal; Rectum; Prostheses and Implants; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; Fecal Incontinence
PubMed: 36869693
DOI: 10.1111/aor.14517 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2021Egg yolk oils (EYO) is a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, which has been used to treat inflammatory related diseases such as...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Egg yolk oils (EYO) is a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, which has been used to treat inflammatory related diseases such as cheilitis, ulceration and acute anal fissure. However, the detailed anti-inflammatory mechanism of EYO is still unknown.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of EYO were investigated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced Caco-2 cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
EYO was obtained by direct-heat extraction (HE), ethanol extraction (EE) and petroleum ether extraction (PE), respectively. Fatty acid compositions of three EYO were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Cell viability, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), transcriptome, RT-PCR and Western blotting were also performed.
RESULTS
Fatty acid compositions of three EYO were different with varied extraction methods. EYO significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-8 secretion. EYO exerted anti-inflammatory effect via coordinating regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB pathways based on the results of transcriptome, Q-PCR and Western blotting. In detail, PE and HE inhibited the NF-κB pathway, whereas EE exerted anti-inflammatory activity via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
The aforementioned results showed the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EYO. These findings might be beneficial to clinical applications of EYO.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Egg Yolk; Fatty Acids; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; NF-kappa B; Oils; Signal Transduction; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33785356
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114070 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To explore the effect of stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) on constipation symptoms and inflammatory reaction in patients with outlet obstructive constipation...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effect of stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) on constipation symptoms and inflammatory reaction in patients with outlet obstructive constipation (OOC).
METHODS
From January 2019 to June 2020, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical data of 124 patients with OOC admitted to our hospital. According to the different surgical methods, sixty patients were assigned to the control group (CG) treated with Bresler operation, and sixty-four patients were included in the research group (RG) receiving STARR. The total effective rate of treatment, the incidence of postoperative complications, and mid- and long-term recurrence rate were observed between the two groups. The anorectal dynamic indexes, the constipation scoring system (CSS), obstructive defecation syndrome (ODS), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and the changes of inflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were compared between the two groups, and the perioperative indexes were observed.
RESULTS
After operation, a remarkably higher total effective rate was observed in the RG as compared to the CG. The RG obtained lower results in terms of the incidence of postoperative complications, 3-year recurrence rate, operation cost, and intraoperative blood loss than CG. Compared with patients in the CG, those in the RG had shorter operation time, first exhaust time, time of leaving bed, and hospitalization time. Moreover, a shorter defecation time of patients in the RG was also obtained 14 days after treatment. In addition to rectal rest pressure that was similar between the two groups, the anal maximal contraction pressure, anal longest contraction time, anorectal relaxation pressure, and anal rest pressure were significantly higher in the RG than in the CG. After operation, remarkably lower CSS and ODS scores of patients were obtained in the RG than in the CG. The RG yielded lower VAS scores after operation and 24 hours after operation, and lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 1 day after operation in contrast to the CG.
CONCLUSION
STARR can effectively improve the clinical efficacy, ameliorate the symptoms of postoperative constipation, reduce the long-term recurrence rate, relieve postoperative pain, and better protect the anorectal function and mitigate inflammatory reaction for patients with obstructive constipation.
PubMed: 34786073
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Palliative Medicine May 2020Perianal infection is a common complication in patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapy. It usually manifests as a perianal mass, with redness/swelling, heat,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Perianal infection is a common complication in patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapy. It usually manifests as a perianal mass, with redness/swelling, heat, and pain, and can affect physical and mental health in severe cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of matrine sitz bath (MSB) in treating perianal infection after chemotherapy for acute leukemia.
METHODS
A total of 216 acute leukemia patients with perianal infection that developed during chemotherapy were enrolled in this study and equally randomized into an MSB group and control group. The control group was treated with the conventional potassium permanganate sitz bath. After 14 days of treatment, the clinical efficacy and symptom/sign scores were compared between these 2 groups. The serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10(IL-10), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The clinical efficacy of MSB group was significantly superior to that of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of anal pain, systemic symptoms, mass size, and mass texture were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and they were significantly lower in the MSB group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, ESR, and PGE2 in these 2 groups significantly dropped (P<0.05), and they were significantly lower in the MSB group than in the control group (P<0.05); IL-10 level significantly rose in both groups (P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in the MSB group than in the control group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
MSB is effective in treating perianal infection after chemotherapy for acute leukemia as it can effectively improve symptoms and signs and alleviate inflammatory reactions.
Topics: Alkaloids; Humans; Leukemia; Quinolizines; Treatment Outcome; Matrines
PubMed: 32498526
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-912 -
Annals of Surgery Apr 2022Anorectal transplantation is a challenging procedure but a promising option for patients with weakened or completely absent anorectal function.
OBJECTIVE
Anorectal transplantation is a challenging procedure but a promising option for patients with weakened or completely absent anorectal function.
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA
We constructed a canine model of anorectal transplantation, evaluated the long-term outcomes, and controlled rejection and infection in allotransplantation.
METHODS
In the pudendal nerve function study, 6 dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, transection and anastomosis, and were compared with a control using anorectal manometry, electromyography, and histological examination. In the anorectal transplantation model, 4 dogs were assigned to 4 groups: autotransplant, allotransplant with immunosuppression, allotransplant without immunosuppression, and normal control. Long-term function was evaluated by defecography, videography, and histological examination.
RESULTS
In the pudendal nerve function study, anorectal manometry indicated that the anastomosis group recovered partial function 6 months postoperatively. Microscopically, the pudendal nerve and the sphincter muscle regenerated in the anastomosis group. Anorectal transplantation was technically successful with a 3-stage operation: colostomy preparation, anorectal transplantation, and stoma closure. The dog who underwent allotransplantation and immunosuppression had 2 episodes of mild rejection, which were reversed with methylprednisolone and tacrolimus. The dog who underwent allotransplantation without immunosuppression had a severe acute rejection that resulted in graft necrosis. Successful dogs had full defecation control at the end of the study.
CONCLUSIONS
We describe the critical role of the pudendal nerve in anorectal function and the first long-term success with anorectal transplantation in a canine model. This report is a proof-of-concept study for anorectal transplantation as a treatment for patients with an ostomy because of anorectal dysfunction.
Topics: Anal Canal; Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Colostomy; Dogs; Electromyography; Humans; Manometry; Rectum
PubMed: 33491981
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004141 -
Analytical Chemistry Sep 2023Imaging and tracking tools for natural cellular RNA with improved biocompatibility, specificity, and sensitivity are critical to understanding RNA function and providing...
Imaging and tracking tools for natural cellular RNA with improved biocompatibility, specificity, and sensitivity are critical to understanding RNA function and providing insights into disease therapeutics. We developed a new genetically encoded sensor using fluorogenic allosteric aptamer (FaApt) for the sensitive imaging of the localization and dynamics of RNA targets in live cells. Target RNAs can be specifically recognized with our sensor by forming perfectly complementary duplexes, which in turn can induce allosteric structural changes of the sensor to refold the native conformation of fluorogenic RNA aptamers. We demonstrated the ability of the sensor to monitor the effect of tumor necrosis factor and small-molecule inhibitor on the expression abundance of CXCL1 and survivin mRNA in human cancer cells, respectively. The asymmetrical distribution of endogenous Squint mRNA was confirmed in developing zebrafish embryos through microinjection of FaApt probes. This study provides an effective molecular tool for sensitive imaging and tracking endogenous RNA in living cells. Due to the high specificity and small size of our sensor system, it is expected to be applied to early diagnosis of RNA marker-related diseases and real-time evaluation of the treatment process.
Topics: Humans; Animals; RNA; Zebrafish; RNA, Messenger; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 37661353
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05724 -
Analytical Chemistry Mar 2022The progression of cardiovascular diseases is accompanied by myocardial injury and necrosis, heart failure, and inflammatory response. Accordingly, ultrasensitive and...
The progression of cardiovascular diseases is accompanied by myocardial injury and necrosis, heart failure, and inflammatory response. Accordingly, ultrasensitive and rapid detection of multiple biomarkers plays a vital role in clinical diagnosis and timely treatment. Here, we developed a novel Lys-AuNPs@MoS nanocomposite self-assembled microfluidic immunoassay biochip with digital signal output and applied it to the simultaneous detection of multiple serum biomarkers including inflammatory factors and cardiovascular biomarkers, PCT, CRP, IL6, cTnI, cTnT, and NT-BNP, with high throughput and sensitivity. The digital output signal was collected in the solid phase on the chip surface with two-dimensional distribution of targets. Lys-AuNPs@MoS nanocomposites self-assembled biochips could simultaneously detect all six biomarkers in 60 samples in 40 min with detection limit of a few to tens of pg/mL for all serum biomarkers. The microfluidic biochip based on Lys-AuNPs@MoS nanocomposites provides a promising method in applications for clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques; Cardiovascular Diseases; Gold; Humans; Immunoassay; Metal Nanoparticles; Microfluidics; Molybdenum; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 35258919
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05061 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Apr 2021Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose... (Review)
Review
Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis and other toxic effects. Thus, the development of advantageous analytical tools to detect and determine paracetamol is required. Due to simplicity, higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as costefficiency, electrochemical sensors were fully investigated in last decades. This review describes the advancements made in the development of electrochemical sensors for the paracetamol detection and quantification in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The progress made in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of paracetamol in the last 10 years was examined, with a special focus on highly innovative features introduced by nanotechnology. As the literature is rather extensive, we tried to simplify this work by summarizing and grouping electrochemical sensors according to the by which manner their substrates were chemically modified and the analytical performances obtained.
PubMed: 34012690
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.11.003 -
Environmental Analysis, Health and... Dec 2022Cypermethrin and dimethoate are pesticides frequently used in agriculture to eliminate pests. Contemporaneity of these and other pesticides in commercial preparations...
Cypermethrin and dimethoate are pesticides frequently used in agriculture to eliminate pests. Contemporaneity of these and other pesticides in commercial preparations and several aquatic ecosystems is well known, though poorly studied. This study aims to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of combinations of cypermethrin and dimethoate on juvenile catfish, Clarias gariepinus, given that the pesticides concomitantly occur in the floodplains were the fish breed. Behavioral, hematological and histopathological changes in juvenile fish exposed to sublethal concentrations were monitored for 96 hours. Pesticide exposed fish exhibited abnormal behaviors such as erratic swimming, frequent air gulping, sudden jerk movement and rapid opercula movement and these were more pronounced in higher concentrations. Significant reductions in erythrocytes (0.83-20.94%), hemoglobin (4.12-29.23%) and PVC (7.14-28.57%) and increase in leucocytes (4.84-9.32%) were observed (p<0.05). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) reduced significantly in the exposed groups compared to the control. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, distortion of cell architecture, hemorrhage and necrosis were the observed histopathological damages in the heart, brain, gill, liver, kidney and fin of exposed fish. These pathological damages were more severe than previously reported for either chemical. Therefore, the use of these chemicals in agriculture should be regulated, especially near fish breeding sites.
PubMed: 36916041
DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022028