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ACS Sensors May 2022Most current invasive analytic devices for disease diagnosis and monitoring require the collection of blood, which causes great discomfort for patients and may... (Review)
Review
Most current invasive analytic devices for disease diagnosis and monitoring require the collection of blood, which causes great discomfort for patients and may potentially cause infection. This explains the great need for noninvasive devices that utilize other bodily fluids like sweat, saliva, tears, or urine. Among them, eye tears are easily accessible, less complex in composition, and less susceptible to dilution. Tears also contain valuable clinical information for the diagnosis of ocular and systemic diseases as the tear analyte level shows great correlation with the blood analyte level. These unique advantages make tears a promising platform for use in clinical settings. As the volume of tear film and the rate of tear flow are only microliters in size, the use of microfluidic technology in analytic devices allows minimal sample consumption. Hence, more and more microfluidic tear analytic devices have been proposed, and their working mechanisms can be broadly categorized into four main types: (a) electrochemical, (b) photonic crystals, (c) fluorescence, and (d) colorimetry. These devices are being developed toward the application of point-of-care tests with rapid yet accurate results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the recent developmental trend of microfluidic devices for tear analysis. Moreover, the fundamental principle behind each type of device along with their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed, especially in terms of their abilities and potential in being used in point-of-care settings.
Topics: Body Fluids; Humans; Microfluidics; Sweat; Tears
PubMed: 35579258
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00569 -
Analytical Chemistry Jan 2022
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Analytic; Humans; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 35012313
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05291 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2023Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or... (Review)
Review
Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or artificial chiral-based materials as adsorbents. To improve the precision and efficiency of chiral separation, focus has shifted from natural and synthetic adsorbents to binary combinations of materials. This review specifically summarizes the significant advancements made in natural and artificial chiral adsorbents as promising candidates for diverse drug and biomolecule separation applications as well as the remaining drawbacks and challenges for research on chiral separations. The mechanisms of chiral-based recognition and separation and history and development of natural and artificial chiral-based systems are the focus of this review. Future directions in natural and artificial chiral-based systems for practical separations and other applications are also presented.
Topics: Stereoisomerism; Chemistry, Analytic
PubMed: 34152894
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1932408 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2021The development of fluorophores for the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an emerging, significant, and vibrant field in analytic... (Review)
Review
The development of fluorophores for the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an emerging, significant, and vibrant field in analytic chemistry, chemical biology, and biomedical engineering. The wavelength, brightness, and stability are three crucial factors that determine the performance of an NIR-II fluorophore. Up to now, significant progress has been made in the development of NIR-II fluorescence molecular probes, including the synthesis of D-A-D and D-π-A fluorophores with improved NIR-II fluorescence imaging performance and the construction of off-on probes and ratiometric probes via energy transfer or molecular structure modification. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in molecular engineering design strategies of NIR-II fluorophores and probes, then highlight a selection of bioimaging and biosensing applications. We also provide perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cell Line; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Indoles; Infrared Rays; Molecular Probes; Nanotubes, Carbon; Optical Imaging; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 32780466
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007040 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2021Cancer is a major health issue concerning to all of us. Current treatment options are still limited due to not-selective action. Encapsulation is contemplated as an... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a major health issue concerning to all of us. Current treatment options are still limited due to not-selective action. Encapsulation is contemplated as an innovative approach to address systemic toxicity and tumor resistance caused by traditional therapies, while increasing encapsulated compounds bioavailability. The coating material of capsules strongly determines the success of the system. Since alginate has been proved non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable, it is considered a potential vehicle for therapeutic factors encapsulation. Besides, it has the particular ability to form hydrogels, which hold a high-water content and greatly resemble to natural soft tissues. The present review exposes the state-of-the-art and the most sophisticated alginate-based systems for cancer therapy and research. It begins with an overview of alginate hydrogels and the qualities that make them especially suitable for biomedical applications. In the following section, the application of alginate hydrogels as pioneering strategies for cancer treatment is described. Several examples of alginate-based delivery systems of therapeutic drugs, proteins and nucleic acids are provided. Significant emphasis is placed in both oral delivery systems and colorectal cancer therapy. Moreover, the role of alginate 3-D scaffolds for both cell culture and delivery is explained. Lastly, other applications of alginate-based hydrogels such as tumor biomarkers immunosensing and fluorescent surgical marker are included.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Capsules; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hydrogels; Neoplasms; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33383080
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.161 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2022In recent years, the application of liposomes in the field of analytical chemistry has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the preparation and... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the application of liposomes in the field of analytical chemistry has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the preparation and characterization of liposomes are briefly summarized, and the research and application of liposomes in organic and biological substances analysis are mainly reviewed, including immobilized liposome chromatography, liposome capillary electrophoresis, liposome application in electrochemical analysis, and optical analysis. The future developments of liposomes in the assay are also prospected.
Topics: Chemistry, Analytic; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Liposomes
PubMed: 32799645
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1805293 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Sep 2021Aconitine is a natural toxic substance belonging to the family of aconitum alkaloids, which is used in small doses by Traditional Chinese practitioners. We present a...
Aconitine is a natural toxic substance belonging to the family of aconitum alkaloids, which is used in small doses by Traditional Chinese practitioners. We present a case of accidental death due to acute aconitine poisoning. A 65-year-old Chinese man presented to a medical clinic with fever and shoulder pain. Soon after administration of intravenous ceftriaxone, a bottle of Chinese medicinal wine was administered. The man rapidly experienced headache, hearing loss and tinnitus, nausea, diarrhea, numbness of the lips, tongue, face, and the upper and lower extremities, cold sweat, fall of blood pressure, and discomfort of the entire body, and he died on the same day. Postmortem examination showed cyanosis of the nail beds, severe congestion in lungs and other organs, bilateral pleural effusions, and infiltration of basophils in the intestinal submucosa. No significant increase of IgE was found in the blood. Toxicological analysis detected aconitine in the medicinal wine, blood, and stomach contents by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS⁄MS). Aconitine was quantified in cardiac blood as 16.4 ng/ml, and in stomach contents (63.8 ng/ml) and wine sample (10.1 ug/ml). The cause of death was aconitine poisoning. This case report highlights the danger of aconitine. LC-MS⁄MS has the advantages of high analytic speed, sensitivity, and accuracy. It would be desirable for the government to control the use of aconitine-containing herbal extracts.
Topics: Aconitine; Aged; Chromatography, Liquid; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Wine
PubMed: 34235734
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14766 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Jun 2024This work lies in the growing concern over the potential impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Pesticides are extensively used to protect crops and...
This work lies in the growing concern over the potential impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Pesticides are extensively used to protect crops and control pests, but their interaction with essential biomolecules like haemoglobin remains poorly understood. Spectrofluorometric, electrochemical, and simulations investigations have been chosen as potential methods to delve into this issue, as they offer valuable insights into the molecular-level interactions between pesticides and haemoglobin. The research aims to address the gaps in knowledge and contribute to the development of safer and more sustainable pesticide practices. The interaction was studied by spectroscopic techniques (UV-Visible & Fluorescence), in silico studies (molecular docking & molecular dynamics simulations) and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and tafel). The studies showed effective binding of dinotefuran with the Hb and will cause toxicity to human. The formation of a stable molecular complex between ofloxacin and hemoglobin was shown via molecular docking and the binding energy was found to -5.37 kcal/mol. Further, molecular dynamics simulations provide an insight for the stability of the complex (Hb-dinotefuran) for a span of 250 ns with a binding free energy of -53.627 kJ/mol. Further, cyclic voltammetry and tafel studies for the interaction of dinotefuran with Hb effectively.
PubMed: 38838069
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400495 -
Journal of Chromatography. A May 2021Benzimidazoles, commonly used as pesticides and veterinary drugs, have posed a threat to human health and the environment due to unreasonable use and lack of valid... (Review)
Review
Benzimidazoles, commonly used as pesticides and veterinary drugs, have posed a threat to human health and the environment due to unreasonable use and lack of valid regulation. Therefore, an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and analytical approaches in different substrates is urgently needed. The present review consequently updates and covers various newly developed pretreatment methods (e.g., cationic micellar precipitation, magnetic-solid phase extraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, disperse liquid-liquid microextraction-solidified floating organic drop, stir cake sorptive extraction, solid phase microextraction method, QuEChERS, and molecular imprinted polymer-based methods) since 2005. The review also elaborates and discusses different determination methods (e.g., newly developed HPLC and related methods, improved spectrofluorimetry methods, capillary electrophoresis, and the electrochemical sensor). Furthermore, some critical points and prospects are highlighted, to describe the trends in this area.
Topics: Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; Benzimidazoles; Humans; Ionic Liquids; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Solid Phase Extraction; Solid Phase Microextraction
PubMed: 33836299
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462068 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health... (Review)
Review
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
PubMed: 34439477
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229