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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds and chiral carbon atoms endows astaxanthin with geometric and optical isomers, and these isomers widely exist in... (Review)
Review
The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds and chiral carbon atoms endows astaxanthin with geometric and optical isomers, and these isomers widely exist in biological sources, food processing, and absorption. However, there remains no systematic summary of astaxanthin isomers regarding isomerization methods and analytic techniques. To address this need, this Review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of -isomerization methods of astaxanthin, including solvent system, catalyst, and heat treatment. Comparatively, high-efficiency and health-friendly methods are more conducive to put into practical use, such as food-grade solvents and food-component catalysts. In addition, we outline the recent advances in analysis techniques of astaxanthin isomers, as well as the structural characteristics reflected by various methods (e.g., HPLC, NMR, FTIR, and RS). Furthermore, we summarized the related research on the safety evaluation of astaxanthin isomers. Finally, future trends and barriers in transformation and analysis of astaxanthin isomers are also discussed.
Topics: Isomerism; Xanthophylls; Chemical Phenomena; Catalysis; Solvents
PubMed: 37924299
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06863 -
Electrophoresis Jan 2021
Topics: Chemistry, Analytic; Electrophoresis; Humans
PubMed: 33443777
DOI: 10.1002/elps.202170004 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Apr 2023Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is crucial for public healthcare and patient treatment. However, the commonly used analytic tools such as molecular...
Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is crucial for public healthcare and patient treatment. However, the commonly used analytic tools such as molecular diagnostics and mass spectrometry are either expensive or have long turnaround times for sample purification and amplification. Here, we introduce electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy with a high spatiotemporal resolution and a unique chemical contrast to image and identify single bacteria. Direct bacterial counting and classification with an accuracy of up to 90.5% is demonstrated. We further report a novel tunable ECL imaging mode which can switch from the negative contrast ECL imaging without labeling to positive contrast ECL imaging with adsorption of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) for bacterial imaging. With this contrast tuning effect, single-molecule ECL microscopy is employed for imaging the microscopic structures of single bacteria. This work shows that ECL microscopy can offer a powerful quantitative imaging methodology with chemical information for bacterial characterization.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy; 2,2'-Dipyridyl; Luminescent Measurements; Ruthenium
PubMed: 37040201
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13369 -
Molecular Reproduction and Development Jun 2023Meiotic defects in oocytes are the primary reason for decreased female fertility with advanced maternal age. In this study, we revealed that decreased expression of...
Meiotic defects in oocytes are the primary reason for decreased female fertility with advanced maternal age. In this study, we revealed that decreased expression of ATP-dependent Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1) in aged oocytes and oocyte-specific depletion of LONP1 disrupt oocyte meiotic progression accompanying with mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, LONP1 downregulation increased oocyte DNA damage. Moreover, we demonstrated that splicing factor proline and glutamine rich directly interacts with LONP1 and mediate the effect of LONP1 depletion on meiotic progression in oocytes. In summary, our data suggest that decreased expression of LONP1 is involved in advanced maternal age-related meiosis defects and that LONP1 represents a new therapeutic target to improve aged oocyte quality.
Topics: Animals; Female; DNA Damage; Meiosis; Oocytes; Peptide Hydrolases; Mice
PubMed: 37392095
DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23694 -
RNA (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2022Mitochondria possess their own genome that encodes components of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, and mitochondrial ribosomes within the organelle translate...
Mitochondria possess their own genome that encodes components of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, and mitochondrial ribosomes within the organelle translate the mRNAs expressed from the mitochondrial genome. Given the differential OXPHOS activity observed in diverse cell types, cell growth conditions, and other circumstances, cellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial translation can be expected. Although individual protein products translated in mitochondria have been monitored, the lack of techniques that address the variation in overall mitochondrial protein synthesis in cell populations poses analytic challenges. Here, we adapted mitochondrial-specific fluorescent noncanonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT) for use with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and developed mito-FUNCAT-FACS. The click chemistry-compatible methionine analog L-homopropargylglycine (HPG) enabled the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins. In the presence of cytosolic translation inhibitors, HPG was selectively incorporated into mitochondrial nascent proteins and conjugated to fluorophores via the click reaction (mito-FUNCAT). The application of in situ mito-FUNCAT to flow cytometry allowed us to separate changes in net mitochondrial translation activity from those of the organelle mass and detect variations in mitochondrial translation in cancer cells. Our approach provides a useful methodology for examining mitochondrial protein synthesis in individual cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Flow Cytometry; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Protein Biosynthesis
PubMed: 35256452
DOI: 10.1261/rna.079097.122 -
Advances and prospects of analytic methods for bacterial transglycosylation and inhibitor discovery.The Analyst Apr 2024The cell wall is essential for bacteria to maintain structural rigidity and withstand external osmotic pressure. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan.... (Review)
Review
The cell wall is essential for bacteria to maintain structural rigidity and withstand external osmotic pressure. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Lipid II is the basic unit for constructing highly cross-linked peptidoglycan scaffolds. Transglycosylase (TGase) is the initiating enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis that catalyzes the ligation of lipid II moieties into repeating GlcNAc-MurNAc polysaccharides, followed by transpeptidation to generate cross-linked structures. In addition to the transglycosylases in the class-A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs), SEDS (shape, elongation, division and sporulation) proteins are also present in most bacteria and play vital roles in cell wall renewal, elongation, and division. In this review, we focus on the latest analytical methods including the use of radioactive labeling, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fluorescence labeling, probing undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, fluorescence anisotropy, ligand-binding-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and surface plasmon resonance to evaluate TGase activity in cell wall formation. This review also covers the discovery of TGase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. We hope that this review will give readers a better understanding of the chemistry and basic research for the development of novel antibiotics.
Topics: Peptidoglycan; Bacteria; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Cell Wall; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38517346
DOI: 10.1039/d3an01968c -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023This review discusses the significance of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) as a promising green extraction technology. It employs the consolidated meta-analytic... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the significance of natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) as a promising green extraction technology. It employs the consolidated meta-analytic approach theory methodology, using the Web of Science and Scopus databases to analyze 2091 articles as the basis of the review. This review explores NaDESs by examining their properties, challenges, and limitations. It underscores the broad applications of NaDESs, some of which remain unexplored, with a focus on their roles as solvents and preservatives. NaDESs' connections with nanocarriers and their use in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors are highlighted. This article suggests that biomimicry could inspire researchers to develop technologies that are less harmful to the human body by emulating natural processes. This approach challenges the notion that green science is inferior. This review presents numerous successful studies and applications of NaDESs, concluding that they represent a viable and promising avenue for research in the field of green chemistry.
PubMed: 38005377
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227653 -
Bioanalysis Aug 2023Microextraction techniques have attracted the attention of many researchers working in the field of bioanalysis due to their unique advantages, mainly in downsizing the... (Review)
Review
Microextraction techniques have attracted the attention of many researchers working in the field of bioanalysis due to their unique advantages, mainly in downsizing the scale of sample preparation steps. In parallel, analytical derivatization offers a powerful combination in terms of additional sensitivity, selectivity and compatibility with modern separation techniques. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent advances in bioanalytical sample preparation based on the combination of microextraction and analytical derivatization. Both innovative fundamental reports and analyte-targeted applications are included and discussed. Dispersive liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction are the most common techniques that typically combined with derivatization, while the development of novel and greener protocols is receiving substantial consideration in the field of analytical chemistry.
Topics: Humans; Chemistry, Analytic; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Research Personnel; Solid Phase Microextraction; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 37638635
DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0121 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2022Volatilome analysis is growing in attention for the diagnosis of diseases in animals and humans. In particular, volatilome analysis in fecal samples is starting to be... (Review)
Review
Volatilome analysis is growing in attention for the diagnosis of diseases in animals and humans. In particular, volatilome analysis in fecal samples is starting to be proposed as a fast, easy and noninvasive method for disease diagnosis. Volatilome comprises volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are produced during both physiological and patho-physiological processes. Thus, VOCs from a pathological condition often differ from those of a healthy state and therefore the VOCs profile can be used in the detection of some diseases. Due to their strengths and advantages, feces are currently being used to obtain information related to health status in animals. However, they are complex samples, that can present problems for some analytical techniques and require special consideration in their use and preparation before analysis. This situation demands an effort to clarify which analytic options are currently being used in the research context to analyze the possibilities these offer, with the final objectives of contributing to develop a standardized methodology and to exploit feces potential as a diagnostic matrix. The current work reviews the studies focused on the diagnosis of animal diseases through fecal volatilome in order to evaluate the analytical methods used and their advantages and limitations. The alternatives found in the literature for sampling, storage, sample pretreatment, measurement and data treatment have been summarized, considering all the steps involved in the analytical process.
Topics: Animals; Feces; Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 33180561
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1843130 -
Analytical Chemistry Jan 2023
Topics: Chemistry, Analytic; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
PubMed: 36625103
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05717