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Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Nov 2022Each orbit is a complex structure housing the globe, multiple cranial nerves, muscles, vascular structures, which support the visual sense. Many of these structures have... (Review)
Review
Each orbit is a complex structure housing the globe, multiple cranial nerves, muscles, vascular structures, which support the visual sense. Many of these structures have been delineated in careful detail by anatomists but remain beyond the resolution of conventional imaging techniques. With the advances of higher resolution MR, surface coil usage, and thinner section computed tomographic images, the ability to resolve these small structures continues to improve, allowing radiologists to provide more detailed anatomic descriptions for preoperative and pretreatment planning.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orbit; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36244718
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.020 -
Folia Morphologica 2022The coracobrachialis muscle is the smallest muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm. It is responsible for flexion and abduction in the glenohumeral joint. The...
The coracobrachialis muscle is the smallest muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm. It is responsible for flexion and abduction in the glenohumeral joint. The coracobrachialis muscle is morphologically variable both in its insertion and origin. Moreover, some additional heads or structures may also occur. The present report describes a six-headed coracobrachialis muscle originated as a common junctionwith the short head of the biceps brachii muscle from the coracoid process. All of these heads insert into the medial surface of the humeral shaft. It is important to note that the musculocutaneous nerve was piercing the fourth belly. Other heads were innervated by branches from the musculocutaneous nerve. Knowledge of the morphological variability of this muscle is essential not only for anatomists but for clinicians as well.
Topics: Arm; Cadaver; Humans; Humerus; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculocutaneous Nerve; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34608984
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0082 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2022The patellar ligament (PL) is an epiphyseal ligament and is part of the extensor complex of the knee. The ligament has gained attention due to its clinical relevance to... (Review)
Review
The patellar ligament (PL) is an epiphyseal ligament and is part of the extensor complex of the knee. The ligament has gained attention due to its clinical relevance to autograft and tendinopathy. A variety of anatomical variations of the PL such as aplasia, numerical variations, and vascularity are being reported recently by clinicians and anatomists. The aim of this literature was to review the available literature to provide a consensus regarding anatomic variations of the PL, neurovasculature surrounding the PL, histology of the PL, and various aspects of PL measurements with relevance to the surgical considerations and sex and age-related differences. A narrative review of the patellar ligament was performed by conducting a detailed literature search and review of relevant articles. A total of 90 articles on the patellar ligament were included and were categorized into studies based on anatomical variations, neurovasculature, morphometrics, microanatomy, sex and age-related difference, and ACL reconstruction. The anatomical variations and morphometrics of the PL were found to correlate with the frequency of strain injuries, tendinopathy, and efficacy of the PL autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The sex differences in PL measurements and the effect of estrogen on collagen synthesis explained a higher incidence of patellar tendinopathy in women. An awareness of its variations enables careful selection of surgical incisions, thereby avoiding complications related to nerve injury. Accurate knowledge of the PL microanatomy assists in understanding the mechanism of ligament degeneration, rupture, autograft harvesting, and ligamentization results.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Autografts; Female; Humans; Male; Patellar Ligament
PubMed: 34554600
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23791 -
The American Surgeon Nov 2021Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal...
Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal surgery. Through his research studies, the embryologic dissection plane known as the "White Line of Toldt" represents an important anatomical landmark that helps to mobilize either the ascending or descending colon. His career spanned over 45 years, beginning in Verona and continuing to Prague and Vienna. He was an author of several innovative books and scientific articles regarding micro- and macroscopic anatomy. In addition, he received numerous recognitions and prizes for his work, making him an essential figure in the medical scientific community. Even a street in Vienna, Karl-Toldt-Weg, is named in his honor. The purpose of this historical article is to celebrate and honor Toldt 100 years following his death, remembering his scientific contributions to the medical and surgical fields and giving thanks for his numerous accomplishments. This article brings light to the man behind the eponym.
Topics: Anatomy; Austria-Hungary; Colon; Dissection; Histology; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Italy; Mesocolon; Peritoneum; Retroperitoneal Space
PubMed: 33720793
DOI: 10.1177/0003134821991979 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Aug 2023Benedict Stilling (1810-1879), was a prolific, prominent, and ambitious anatomist, who performed works on the organization of the nervous system for many years. He made...
Benedict Stilling (1810-1879), was a prolific, prominent, and ambitious anatomist, who performed works on the organization of the nervous system for many years. He made numerous observations on the anatomy of the nervous system in various animal species. Stilling contributed to the establishment of significant foundations in the anatomy of the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. Stilling paved the way for future researchers by describing the techniques he used in his diligent studies published in his published books. In his books, which include many drawings and cadaveric images, he revealed the relationships between the structures in the nervous system. He also made significant contributions to neuroanatomy terminology by coining terms in these books. At the same time, some nuclei in the anatomy of the nervous system were later named after him as an eponym by many researchers. Therefore, Stilling's neuroanatomical works, which are still important today, should be appreciated. This article aims to emphasize his pioneering work in neuroanatomy.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Male; Neuroanatomy; Spinal Cord; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Eponyms
PubMed: 35357551
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05512-9 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Aug 2019Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781-1833) was a 19th century anatomist born into an eminent dynasty. He was a professor of anatomy, pathology, and zoology at the University of... (Review)
Review
Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781-1833) was a 19th century anatomist born into an eminent dynasty. He was a professor of anatomy, pathology, and zoology at the University of Halle, in Central Germany. The diverticulum, a congenital remnant of the vitellointestinal duct was named after him. Other eponyms include Meckel's cartilage, Meckel syndrome, and Meckel-Serres law of recapitulation. His concepts in comparative anatomy, embryology, and teratology anticipated Darwin. This review is a short tribute to this legend and his prolific contributions. LEVEL: Historic review, level V.
Topics: Germany; History, 19th Century; Humans; Meckel Diverticulum
PubMed: 31349351
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002300 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Anatomic studies have traditionally relied on macroscopic, microscopic, and histological techniques to investigate the structure of tissues and organs. Anatomic studies... (Review)
Review
Anatomic studies have traditionally relied on macroscopic, microscopic, and histological techniques to investigate the structure of tissues and organs. Anatomic studies are essential in many fields, including medicine, biology, and veterinary science. Advances in technology, such as imaging techniques and molecular biology, continue to provide new insights into the anatomy of living organisms. Therefore, anatomy remains an active and important area in the scientific field. The consolidation in recent years of some omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allows for a more complete and detailed understanding of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs. These have been joined more recently by "omics" such as radiomics, pathomics, and connectomics, supported by computer-assisted technologies such as neural networks, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence. All these new tools, although some are still in the early stages of development, have the potential to strongly contribute to the macroscopic and microscopic characterization in medicine. For anatomists, it is time to hitch a ride and get on board omics technologies to sail to new frontiers and to explore novel scenarios in anatomy.
PubMed: 37761332
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182963 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2021William Hunter's writings, lectures and his collection of circa 1,400 pathological specimens at the University of Glasgow show that, within the scientific limitations of...
William Hunter's writings, lectures and his collection of circa 1,400 pathological specimens at the University of Glasgow show that, within the scientific limitations of the 18th Century, he had a sound grasp of the significance of morbid anatomical appearances. Unlike John Hunter's collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, few of the Hunterian specimens at Glasgow have an accompanying case history. Within the Special Collections at the Glasgow University Library are a small number of post mortem reports, including four involving William Hunter's aristocratic patients. This article explores these patient cases, and also the only instance recorded by John Hunter of William working with him on a post mortem of an aristocrat, that of the Marquis of Rockingham, Prime Minister, who died in 1782. The study aims to better understand William Hunter's medical practice and his professional connections with other practitioners. The post mortem examinations were carried out by a surgeon/anatomist and observed by the patient's physician(s). For aristocratic post mortems, those attending were senior and well-established practitioners. The notes made were not particularly detailed. The reports show clearly that William Hunter's practice, in the 1760s at least, was not confined to midwifery.
Topics: Anatomists; Dissection; Forensic Medicine; History, 18th Century; Humans; Obstetrics; Pathologists; Scotland
PubMed: 33580903
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23730