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International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Since its advent, robotic surgery has redefined the operating room experience. It directly addressed and resolved many of the shortcomings of laparoscopic methods while...
Since its advent, robotic surgery has redefined the operating room experience. It directly addressed and resolved many of the shortcomings of laparoscopic methods while maintaining a minimally invasive approach that brought benefits in cosmesis and healing for patients but also benefits in ergonomics and precision for surgeons. This new platform has brought with it changes in surgical training and education, principally through the utilization of virtual reality. Accurate depictions of human anatomy seen through augmented reality allow the surgeon-in-training to learn, practice and perfect their skills before they operate on their first patient. However, the anatomical knowledge required for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is distinct from current methods of dissection and prosection that inherently cater towards open surgery with large cuts and unobstructed field. It is integral that robotic surgeons are also equipped with accurate anatomical information, heralding a new era in which anatomists can work alongside those developing virtual reality technology to create anatomical training curricula for MIS. As the field of surgery and medicine in general moves to include more and more technology, it is only fitting that the building blocks of medical education follow suit and rediscover human anatomy in a modern context.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Humans; Laparoscopy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Surgeons; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 34886470
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312744 -
Journal of Anatomy Feb 2022Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance polymath, is still recognized today-above all for his oil paintings and mechanical inventions. His anatomical studies have attracted...
Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance polymath, is still recognized today-above all for his oil paintings and mechanical inventions. His anatomical studies have attracted less attention, even though he devoted over 30 years of his life to them. This paper outlines Leonardo's career and research methods and focuses on the importance of his medical images for anatomical research and teaching. Following a short presentation of the state of (dental) medicine in the early Renaissance period, it offers a description of five of his cranial drawings that show the anatomy of the teeth, the nervous and vascular system on inner and outer tables of the skull and the paranasal sinuses in great detail. Leonardo da Vinci had obviously discovered and depicted the maxillary sinus 150 years before the anatomist Nathaniel Highmore, who is usually credited with this discovery. Other anatomical drawings by Leonardo address the correct human dental formula and describe the morphology of the four types of teeth. His handwritten notes show that he recognized the connection between tooth form and function. Finally, this paper evaluates the influence of these discoveries and innovations on the development of dentistry and its establishment as a scientific discipline. There is no doubt that Leonardo da Vinci's preoccupation with the anatomy of the maxillofacial region influenced the development of anatomy and dentistry, even though he never published his anatomical research.
Topics: Anatomy; Famous Persons; Head; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; Human Body; Humans; Male; Skull; Tooth
PubMed: 34595744
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13561 -
World Neurosurgery Aug 2019The nomenclature of the 12 cranial nerves as we know it today was developed over a series of anatomic findings by some of history's most famous anatomists from Galen to... (Review)
Review
The nomenclature of the 12 cranial nerves as we know it today was developed over a series of anatomic findings by some of history's most famous anatomists from Galen to Von Soemmerring. In this paper, we review the literature to present an overview of the remarkable historical journey that brought our forefathers to trace the pathway of individual cranial nerves from origin to destination. In particular, we discuss the evolution of the naming of the cranial nerves and highlight relevant eponymous descriptions. We also include some poignant illustrations of cranial nerves by ancient anatomists that set the scene to their discoveries. In reviewing this legacy, we summarize the important product of centuries of discoveries and investigations and the limitations of cranial nerve classification systems.
Topics: Cranial Nerves; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Neurology; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 31100524
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.036 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Dec 2019Perhaps best known for his discovery of the eponymous syndrome 'Bell's Palsy', Charles Bell (1774-1842) made significant contributions to neuroscience, medical education... (Review)
Review
Perhaps best known for his discovery of the eponymous syndrome 'Bell's Palsy', Charles Bell (1774-1842) made significant contributions to neuroscience, medical education and philosophy. Our aim was to examine his neuroanatomical drawings in the context of the era in which they were produced and their influence on future scholars. Emphasis is placed on analysing the artistic techniques employed and Bell's unique manner of conveying both structure and function. The images discussed include those featured in his book entitled . These images can be viewed in parallel with his writing on the anatomy of the brain, in which he describes the usual manner of demonstrating neuroanatomy as 'dull' and 'unmeaning'. His mastery of artistic technique complements his insightful descriptions of this prodigiously complex organ. The result is a more engaging account of neuroanatomy and an impressive display of his skill as an artist, anatomist and physician. Examining these expressive portrait-like diagrams provides greater insight into the mind of the pioneer of modern neuroscience.
Topics: Adult; Anatomy, Artistic; Bell Palsy; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Male; Medical Illustration; Retrospective Studies; Scotland; Surgeons
PubMed: 32595259
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.21 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Nov 2020
Topics: Anatomy; Animals; History, 18th Century; Horses; Medicine in the Arts
PubMed: 32696594
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24499 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Dec 2019Iulius Casserius is to be remembered for his excellent contributions in Anatomy and especially in Neuroanatomy. His persistent and meticulous scientific anatomical work...
Iulius Casserius is to be remembered for his excellent contributions in Anatomy and especially in Neuroanatomy. His persistent and meticulous scientific anatomical work resulted in the first record of the arterial circle of the brain 37 years before the comprehensive description by Thomas Willis. Casserius' great interest in the human brain led him to the discovery of plenty anatomical structures before their official documentation. Casserius was an excellent teacher and anatomist of a humble origin, who managed to be distinguished among other famous physicians of his era.
Topics: Anatomists; History, 15th Century; History, Medieval; Humans; Neuroanatomy
PubMed: 30850866
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04104-4 -
Anatomical Science International Oct 2023Since its inception, the International Anatomical Terminology has been an indispensable and widely embraced resource for authors, anatomists, researchers, and medical... (Review)
Review
Since its inception, the International Anatomical Terminology has been an indispensable and widely embraced resource for authors, anatomists, researchers, and medical professionals, ensuring standardized anatomical terminology across various disciplines. Nonetheless, it is widely acknowledged that periodic updates and enhancements are necessary to incorporate the latest scientific knowledge and advancements in imaging techniques. The current version of Terminologia Anatomica includes a section dedicated to the paranasal sinuses, encompassing ethmoidal cells and three sinuses: frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary. However, the anatomical lexicon pertaining to the paranasal sinuses is more extensive. In clinical practice, multiple terms related to clinically significant structures are commonly employed. This article focuses on the clinical terminology associated with the paranasal sinuses, proposing significant extensions to the existing Terminologia Anatomica. These extensions aim to enrich the anatomical nomenclature and facilitate a harmonious convergence between the language of clinicians and the anatomical lexicon. Further endeavors should bridge the gap in anatomical nomenclature and improve communication between anatomists, researchers, and clinicians, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving interdisciplinary research collaboration.
PubMed: 37807010
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00745-3 -
Neurosurgical Review Jun 2024The vein of Rolando, also known as the central sulcal vein, is a critical superficial cerebral vein located in the central sulcus, playing a pivotal role in the venous...
The vein of Rolando, also known as the central sulcal vein, is a critical superficial cerebral vein located in the central sulcus, playing a pivotal role in the venous drainage of the motor and sensory cortices. Named after the Italian anatomist Luigi Rolando, this vein serves as a crucial anatomical landmark in neurosurgery, guiding surgeons to approach critical brain structures with minimal damage. This article explores the anatomy and clinical significance of the vein of Rolando, emphasizing its role in neurosurgery and neuroimaging. Advanced imaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV), and CT Angiography have enhanced the ability to diagnose and preserve this vein, reducing surgical risks. The article also discusses the interconnectedness of the vein of Rolando with other cerebral veins like the vein of Trolard and underscores the importance of understanding venous variations and drainage patterns for successful surgical outcomes. Preventive measures to protect the vein during neurosurgery are essential to prevent complications such as venous congestion and intracranial pressure. This overview highlights the necessity for precise anatomical knowledge and advanced diagnostic tools in optimizing neurosurgical procedures and patient care.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Veins; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurosurgeons; Neurosurgical Procedures
PubMed: 38878179
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02517-7