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Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2023The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis muscle, which has been mostly omitted by anatomists may have significance for rhinoplasty. The purpose of the current study was to re-examine the anatomical features of myrtiformis muscle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Conducted on 40 sides of 20 formalin-fixed amputated heads, we followed a dissection routine to fully expose the origin and insertion sites of the nasal base muscles. We measured the respective morphometric via digital caliper.
RESULTS
Based on the number of bellies and their muscular attachment sites, we described an anatomical classification that consists of three different types of MM which had a single and broad origin. We classified the double-bellied muscle as Type 1 occurred in 10% (4/40), whereas the single-bellied ones as Types 2 and 3, occurred in 80% (32/40) and 10% (4/40), respectively. Measured distance between the medial margin of myrtiformis muscle origin and midline passing through the anterior nasal spine did not differ between any statistical comparisons (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We revisited the muscle which was at some occasions termed as myrtiformis muscle, depressor septi nasi or depressor alae nasi muscles. Considering that there are differential forms of the muscle with the same muscular origin but bearing single or double bellies and/or different insertion sites, our classification may overcome possible terminological confusion by ensuring single muscle term with easily distinguishable morphological types. We invite anatomists to enlarge the data set and comment on our classification, and surgeons to conduct prospective examinations to add deeper insight regarding the functional importance of anatomical classifications by correlating pre vs post-operative functional differences.
Topics: Humans; Nasal Septum; Prospective Studies; Rhinoplasty; Facial Muscles; Physical Examination
PubMed: 37106241
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03154-3 -
Anatomical Science International Jul 2023Anatomists have been attempting to standardize anatomical terminology of the human body and in doing so created the Terminologia Anatomica as a standard language of... (Review)
Review
Anatomists have been attempting to standardize anatomical terminology of the human body and in doing so created the Terminologia Anatomica as a standard language of anatomy. Despite developments such as the Terminologia Anatomica, a lack of consistency of anatomical terminology is still seen across and within disciplines. This study explores the variation in terminology for the hip bone through a literature review. In total, ten terms used to describe the hip bone were searched in PubMed, JSTOR, and EBSCO databases: "coxal bone," "hip bone," "innominate bone," "os coxa," "os coxae," "ossa coxa," "ossa coxae," "os innominatum," "os pelvicum," and "pelvic bone." Results found that the terms "hip bone" and "pelvic bone" were the most commonly used terms, with the most frequently used discipline being medicine. However, we argue against the use of these terms in favor of "coxal bone" or "innominate bone." "Hip bone" should be avoided due to its colloquial nature, and "pelvic bone" is not specific enough to the structure of the hip. Latin terms are often incorrectly conjugated (e.g., "os coxae"); therefore, the English equivalent should be used when possible. Regardless, standardization of anatomical terminology should be adopted through consensus by practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders.
Topics: Humans; Pelvic Bones; Anatomy
PubMed: 36692627
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00702-0 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Italy; Anatomy
PubMed: 36287257
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05710-5 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021The left ventricular summit (LVS) is a triangular area located at the most superior portion of the left epicardial ventricular region, surrounded by the two branches of... (Review)
Review
The left ventricular summit (LVS) is a triangular area located at the most superior portion of the left epicardial ventricular region, surrounded by the two branches of the left coronary artery: the left anterior interventricular artery and the left circumflex artery. The triangle is bounded by the apex, septal and mitral margins and base. This review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive anatomical description and proper terminology in the LVS region that may facilitate exchanging information among anatomists and electrophysiologists, increasing knowledge of this cardiac region. We postulate that the most dominant septal perforator (not the first septal perforator) should characterize the LVS definition. Abundant epicardial adipose tissue overlying the LVS myocardium may affect arrhythmogenic processes and electrophysiological procedures within the LVS region. The LVS is divided into two clinically significant regions: accessible and inaccessible areas. Rich arterial and venous coronary vasculature and a relatively dense network of cardiac autonomic nerve fibers are present within the LVS boundaries. Although the approach to the LVS may be challenging, it can be executed indirectly using the surrounding structures. Delivery of the proper radiofrequency energy to the arrhythmia source, avoiding coronary artery damage at the same time, may be a challenge. Therefore, coronary angiography or cardiac computed tomography imaging is strongly recommended before any procedure within the LVS region. Further research on LVS morphology and physiology should increase the safety and effectiveness of invasive electrophysiological procedures performed within this region of the human heart.
PubMed: 34441357
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081423 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Sep 2020The pandemic Covid-19 is responsible for a major education crisis globally and has a drastic impact on medical training as well. The objective of the present study was...
The pandemic Covid-19 is responsible for a major education crisis globally and has a drastic impact on medical training as well. The objective of the present study was to envision the present and future impact of Covid-19 on anatomy learning and research. The virtual education is the only mode of teaching in current scenario. Every anatomist is unlocking technology to deliver best education however understanding of the subject without dissections or other practical teaching aids like bones, specimens, embryology models, microscopic slides etc. is challenging. This approach misses the feel and human visual impacts. Potential educational disruption is felt currently and will be experienced even after the pandemic is over due to scarcity of cadavers. As the body donor may be carrier or died of Covid-19 and there is no proven screening to rule out this infection in donor, so the acceptance of body donations is not advisable for the safety of medical students and health care workers. To conclude, anatomy education is cadaverless currently due to Covid-19 lockdown and it is prophesied that after the pandemic, real cadavers will be replaced by virtual cadavers because of paucity of cadavers. Research in the field of anatomy will also be adversely affected.
Topics: Anatomy; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Cadaver; Coronavirus Infections; Dissection; General Surgery; Humans; Internship and Residency; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Simulation Training; Students, Medical
PubMed: 32518047
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.05.003 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Mar 2020The falling standard of medical education evidenced by patient dissatisfaction causing rapidly heaping medico-legal cases, some of them may be due to 'anatomical... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The falling standard of medical education evidenced by patient dissatisfaction causing rapidly heaping medico-legal cases, some of them may be due to 'anatomical ignorance' leading to tremendous concern by both clinicians and anatomists, encouraged the author to design a pedagogical model of teaching of anatomy in medical education. So, the aim of the study is to propose a suitable pedagogical model from review of literature and author's own experience and analysis.
METHODS
The literature survey (online) has been carried out using the phrases, decline of anatomy, contribution of anatomy to medical education, prevalent curriculum and teaching methodology, causatives of acquisition of inadequate anatomy by medical trainees.
RESULTS
The literature and our own analysis highlight the deficiencies in anatomical schedule, curriculum, teaching methodologies and evaluation system in present medical education. A pedagogical model has been designed to improve the delivery and acquisition of anatomical knowledge.
CONCLUSIONS
The evolved pedagogical model of anatomy in the present study aims at sufficient delivery and acquisition of anatomical knowledge if applied, not only to curb failure cases and, consequently, litigations but also to boost the confidence of trainees, patients and society on health care system.
Topics: Anatomy; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Humans; Medical Errors; Models, Educational; Patient Satisfaction; Students, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 31612273
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02331-7 -
Advances in Physiology Education Sep 2023In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use... (Review)
Review
In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use of human donors in anatomy education vary, depending on the healthcare discipline. Physical therapy programs have been particularly resistant to the trend away from the use of human donors. In this personal view, I present my history of anatomy education and how my perspectives on teaching and learning anatomy have changed dramatically throughout my teaching experiences. The purpose of this article is to support instructors who are creating anatomy courses for all healthcare trainees without donors, inspire those teaching with donors to incorporate other methods of instruction and evaluation, challenge educators to examine their own biases surrounding anatomy education, and provide recommendations for developing an anatomy course without human donors. Included in this article is the perspective of a practicing physical therapist who learned through human dissection and has assisted me in the development and management of the human anatomy course in our physical therapy curriculum. This article provides an overview of how to design an anatomy course without anatomical donors for doctor of physical therapy students and includes recommendations for instructors who need to reduce or eliminate anatomical donors from their anatomy curriculum.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Anatomy; Cadaver; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Status; Learning; Students, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 37141435
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00004.2023 -
Molecular Human Reproduction Nov 2020Most reproductive biologists who study female gametes will agree with the 16th century anatomist William Harvey's doctrine: 'Ex Ovo Omnia'. This phrase, which literally...
Most reproductive biologists who study female gametes will agree with the 16th century anatomist William Harvey's doctrine: 'Ex Ovo Omnia'. This phrase, which literally translates to 'everything from the egg', recognizes the centrality of the egg in animal development. Eggs are most impressive cells, capable of supporting development of an entirely new organism following fertilization or parthenogenetic activation. Not so uniformly embraced in the field of reproductive biology is the nomenclature used to refer to the female germ cell. What is an oocyte? What is an egg? Are these terms the same, different, interchangeable? Here we provide functional definitions of the oocyte and egg, and how they can be used in the context of mammalian gamete biology and beyond.
Topics: Animals; Female; Germ Cells; Humans; Mammals; Oocytes; Oogenesis; Ovum; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 33022047
DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa066 -
Journal of Medical Biography May 2023Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841-1910) was a reformer of clinical, surgical, and topographic human anatomy studies during the second half of the 19th century. Over 30 years...
Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841-1910) was a reformer of clinical, surgical, and topographic human anatomy studies during the second half of the 19th century. Over 30 years as a professor of Anatomy, Farabeuf wrote outstanding anatomical textbooks. As the head of Anatomic Studies in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, he succeeded in leading a profound restructuring of the way anatomy and surgery were taught. As a result of his work and research, several anatomical terms, clinical signs, and surgical instruments were named after him. For his outstanding career in anatomy, he was elected to the Academy of Medicine in 1897.
PubMed: 37221840
DOI: 10.1177/09677720231177681 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2022Since its establishment as one of the major authorities on the human body, Anatomy has played a crucial role in social and political spheres. In this article, I review...
Since its establishment as one of the major authorities on the human body, Anatomy has played a crucial role in social and political spheres. In this article, I review how the history of Anatomy has intersected with queer history and how the effects of these interactions have affected queer lives today. In these historical cases, I aim to demonstrate how Anatomy has affected the social organization of human culture and society and also how society has affected anatomical knowledge in return. As this reciprocal connection between Anatomy and societal organization is elucidated, I argue that anatomists, clinicians, and educators have an ethical duty to address the connections of this history, both in our research and our classrooms. This historical tour begins in the ancient world, which established a connection between sexuality and physiology and reproduction. This is followed by an exploration of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, which highlight the connections between anatomical knowledge, the law, and social organization. The progressive and modern eras are explored next via modern research into the anatomical and biological origins of same-sex attraction and the use of modern technology in these investigations. Finally, the article ends with a call for reform along with suggestions for future steps.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 34997831
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24859