-
Voprosy Pitaniia 2020The most outstanding Russian anatomists and anthropologists D.A. Zhdanov and B.A. Nikityuk and the leading nutritionist A.A. Pokrovsky were the founders of the... (Review)
Review
The most outstanding Russian anatomists and anthropologists D.A. Zhdanov and B.A. Nikityuk and the leading nutritionist A.A. Pokrovsky were the founders of the Anthroponutritiology, which arose at the junction of Anthropological Anatomy and Nutrition Science and represented a new stage in the integration of these two sciences. Both Sciences, enriching each other with facts, existing methodology and established traditions, implementing modern innovative approaches, bring the physical and nutritional status of individuals closer to the standard (the "gold standard"). One of the applied tasks of Anthroponutritiology is the identification of the constitutional dependence of morphophysiological characters and determination of anthropological and clinical associations. Solving problems of Anthroponutritiology is a primary public concern, the most crucial state task. This issue is under the mandate of Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology and biotechnology, which implements this new branch of Science.
Topics: Anthropology, Medical; Humans; Nutritional Sciences
PubMed: 32986323
DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10044 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Oct 2019"Syndesmologia siue historia ligamentorum corporis humani", published in 1742 by a German anatomist Josias Weitbrecht (1702-1747), who for a long time lived and worked... (Review)
Review
"Syndesmologia siue historia ligamentorum corporis humani", published in 1742 by a German anatomist Josias Weitbrecht (1702-1747), who for a long time lived and worked in St. Petersburg, is the first comprehensive textbook of syndesmology. The accuracy and quality of the accompanying illustrations are fascinating, even after almost 300 years. Weitbrecht was also the first to describe the synovial folds of the hip joint, later named after him as the retinacula of Weitbrecht. This eponym appeared in the first half of the nineteenth century in the studies of femoral neck fractures published in the UK. In the study of syndesmology, Weitbrecht was followed by a number of outstanding authors of that time, such as Meckel, Barkow, Arnold, Henle, Humphry and Fick.
Topics: Anatomists; Anatomy; Hip Joint; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Joint Capsule; Ligaments; Male; Medical Illustration; Textbooks as Topic
PubMed: 30604218
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2172-4 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Sep 2021The culture of cadaver dissection remains the most commonly used method of practical teaching and learning of human anatomy. Anatomist and medical professionals... (Review)
Review
The culture of cadaver dissection remains the most commonly used method of practical teaching and learning of human anatomy. Anatomist and medical professionals considered cadaver dissection as the gold standard for teaching and learning anatomy in detail. The increase seen in the establishment of new medical training institutions globally has consequently led to a proportionate increase in the sourcing for cadavers. Moreover, the surge in mortality rates following the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with no cure or approved vaccine has been a source of concern for academia, especially on the safety in the usage of cadavers for dissection. Notwithstanding, several countries continue to depend on unclaimed bodies as the primary source for cadavers, regardless of the cause of death. Besides, body donation is also usually reported to be strained during disease outbreaks thereby putting countries that depend solely on it in a dilemma. This study highlighted the recommended standard operating procedures (SOPs) to be imbibed in gross anatomy dissection halls during and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Anatomy; COVID-19; Cadaver; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Humans; Laboratories; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Students, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 33268295
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.10.004 -
Turkish Neurosurgery 2022To present the quantitative development of the geniculate ganglion (GG) in foetal cadavers.
AIM
To present the quantitative development of the geniculate ganglion (GG) in foetal cadavers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study focused on 60 temporal bones of 30 (15 female and 15 male) foetuses aged 18?30 weeks of gestation (mean age, 22.83 ± 3.49 weeks) to measure the length, width and area of the GG.
RESULTS
According to gestational weeks and months, the ganglion length (1.21 ± 0.41 mm), width (1.03 ± 0.28 mm) and area (1.24 ± 0.61 mm < sup > 2 < /sup > ) did not change. In terms of sexes or sides, ganglion dimensions were not significantly different. Positive correlation was found between the length and width (p=0.033, r=0.276), between the length and area (p < 0.001, r=0.762) and between the width and area (p < 0.001, r=0.622). Linear functions were calculated for the ganglion area (y=0.355 + 0.039 × weeks), length (y=0.636 + 0.025 × weeks) and width (y=0.634 + 0.017 × weeks).
CONCLUSION
The ganglion size did not change in foetal cadavers aged 18?30 weeks of gestation. This finding may be important for anatomists and embryologists in performing morphometric studies and understanding the development of the GG and for neurootologists and neurosurgeons in achieving greater success in skull base surgeries.
Topics: Cadaver; Female; Fetus; Geniculate Ganglion; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Male; Neurosurgical Procedures; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 34936075
DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.35393-21.2 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Dec 2022Knowledge of the human body is based on teaching and research. Anatomy remains an essential prerequisite for medical personnel to know the human body. The idea of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge of the human body is based on teaching and research. Anatomy remains an essential prerequisite for medical personnel to know the human body. The idea of Thiel's technique is to preserve the natural texture, volume, color and shape of the body. The objective of this study was to analyze a literature review of this technique from the perspective of anatomy teaching and biomechanical research.
METHOD
We have taken up the process of Thiel's method from the original publication, stating the known applications of this technique in teaching and research. We have integrated into our study the specific advantages of using bodies preserved by this method in intertropical countries with a warm climate: the example of Gabon.
DISCUSSION
Biomechanical research and teaching of medical and surgical sciences are regularly performed on human cadavers. Anatomical dissection therefore represents one of the main activities of anatomy laboratories. We have limited our analysis to aspects of anatomy teaching, research, and clinical and surgical practice.
CONCLUSION
We have sought to popularize the Thiel body preservation technique. It offers many advantages. Teaching and research on human cadavers preserved by this method is an educational alternative. The simulation centre creates the conditions of a surgical block for the learners. We recommend this technique to anatomists and clinicians. This technique seems to be very interesting for structures with a limited number of bodies.
Topics: Humans; Embalming; Cadaver
PubMed: 34896023
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.11.001 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) May 2022The supracondylar process is a nonpathological projection from the distal humerus that in some patients, can result in compression of regional neurovascular structures,... (Review)
Review
The supracondylar process is a nonpathological projection from the distal humerus that in some patients, can result in compression of regional neurovascular structures, for example, median nerve. Since the first description of the supracondylar process in 1818, it has also been a focus of anthropological study because of its possible relevance to human origins and relationships to other species. Although its overall incidence is low, it is more common in races of European descent. It is particularly interesting for anatomists and anthropologists, but knowledge of its anatomical relationships and effect on pathological processes helps in the diagnosis and treatment of supracondylar process syndrome. One of the most detailed descriptions of this variant process stems from the work of Buntaro Adachi. Herein, a translation of his findings is provided and a review of the supracondylar process and its potential pathological presentations presented.
Topics: Elbow Joint; Epiphyses; Humans; Humerus; Median Nerve; Syndrome
PubMed: 34585786
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23794 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jan 2020This special issue of The Anatomical Record explores extravagant adaptions that vertebrates have evolved from their base groups to survive in the most challenging...
This special issue of The Anatomical Record explores extravagant adaptions that vertebrates have evolved from their base groups to survive in the most challenging environments. The special issue stems from a symposium entitled "Extreme Anatomy: Living beyond the edge," which was held April 23, 2017, at the annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, (now called the American Association for Anatomy), in Chicago, IL. In part 1 of this issue, we encounter fossorial mammals and cave-dwelling fish and salamanders that have reduced visual systems accompanied by a variety of mechanosensory adaptations. In rivers and seas, teeth may not suffice in the pursuit of prey: aquatic vertebrates are adorned with armor or weaponry or elaborate keratinous sieves. As vertebrates exploit a great diversity of niches, selection has favored a dizzying array of specialized sensory and locomotor adaptions for deep diving, rapid flight, and navigation through dark and complex settings. Each special adaptation, some seemingly quite "extreme" deviations from an original Bauplan, becomes a tool for a pioneer-like diversification of vertebrates. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Evolution; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment; Introduced Species; Mammals
PubMed: 31714035
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24299 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Apr 2022Intraforaminal ligaments (IFL) are of great interest to anatomists and clinicians to fully understand the detailed anatomy of the neuroforamina and to diagnose unclear...
PURPOSE
Intraforaminal ligaments (IFL) are of great interest to anatomists and clinicians to fully understand the detailed anatomy of the neuroforamina and to diagnose unclear radicular symptoms. Studies published until now have described radiological imaging of the IFLs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on donor bodies. In the present study, we investigated the detectability of lumbar IFLs in vivo in adults using the high spatial resolution of the constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence.
METHODS
A total of 14 patients were studied using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. The lumbar spine was imaged using the parasagittal CISS sequence, and the detectability of the IFLs was assessed for each lumbar level. All image datasets were analyzed by a radiologist, an orthopedic surgeon, and an anatomist. Interrater reliability was expressed as Fleiss' Kappa. Using a single data set, a three-dimensional (3D) model was created to map the location of the IFLs within the intervertebral foramen (IF) and the immediate surrounding vessels.
RESULTS
Overall, the radiologist was able to detect IFLs in 60% of all imaged IFs, the orthopedic surgeon in 62%, and the anatomist in 66%. Fleiss' Kappa for the various segments varies from 0.71 for L4/5 up to 0.90 for L3/4.
CONCLUSION
Lumbar IFLs were successfully detected in vivo in every patient. The detection frequency varied from 42-86% per IF. We demonstrated reproducible imaging of the IFLs on MRI, with good interrater reliability. The present study was a launching point for further clinical studies investigating the potential impact of altered IFLs on radicular pain.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Ligaments; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35275254
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07153-7 -
World Neurosurgery Dec 2022Eponyms highlight the contributions made to medicine over the years, and celebrate individuals for their work involving diseases, pathologies, and anatomical landmarks.... (Review)
Review
Eponyms highlight the contributions made to medicine over the years, and celebrate individuals for their work involving diseases, pathologies, and anatomical landmarks. We have compiled an in-depth report of eponyms used in skull base neurosurgery, as well as the historical contexts of the personalities behind the names. A literature search identified 36 eponyms of the bones, foramina and ligaments of the skull base named after anatomists and physician-scientists. The 36 eponymous structures pinpointed include Arnold's canal, the foramen of Arnold, Bill's bar, Bertin's bones, Civinini's canal, Civinini's ligament, Civinini's process, sinodural angle of Citelli, Clivus of Blumenbach, Dorello's canal, the Eustachian tube, the eponymous cavernous sinus triangles of Parkinson, Kawase, Mullan, Dolenc, Glasscock and Hakuba, the Fallopian canal, the Glasserian fissure, Gruber's ligament, Haller cells, the spine of Henle, Highmore's antrum, the foramen of Huschke, Hyrtl's fissure, the Ingrassia process, Jacobson's canal, the MacEwen triangle, Meckel's cave, the Onodi air cell, the Pacchionian foramen, Fossa of Rosenmuller, the foramen of Vesalius, the Vidian canal, Trautman's triangle and the annular tendon of Zinn. Knowledge of the relevant eponyms enables succinct descriptions of important skull base structures, provides an understanding of associated clinical implications, and reminds us of the vast history of contributions to neurosurgery made by prominent figures in the field.
Topics: Humans; Neurosurgery; Eponyms; Skull Base; Neurosurgical Procedures; Sphenoid Bone
PubMed: 36122857
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.060