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Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) Apr 2020The term "epigenetic" is used to refer to heritable alterations in chromatin that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. Different growth factors and vascular genes... (Review)
Review
The term "epigenetic" is used to refer to heritable alterations in chromatin that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. Different growth factors and vascular genes mediate the angiogenic process, which is regulated by epigenetic states of genes. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the control and regulation of tumor angiogenetic processes. The reversibility of epigenetic events in contrast to genetic aberrations makes them potentially suitable for therapeutic intervention. In this context, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and HDAC inhibitors indirectly-via the tumor cells-exhibit angiostatic effects in vivo, and inhibition of miRNAs can contribute to the development of novel anti-angiogenesis therapies.
Topics: DNA Methylation; DNA, Neoplasm; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Histone Deacetylases; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 31863494
DOI: 10.1111/micc.12602 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Dec 2023Angiogenesis is the process of generating new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Under normal conditions, this process is delicately controlled by... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis is the process of generating new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Under normal conditions, this process is delicately controlled by pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Tumor cells can produce plentiful pro-angiogenic molecules promoting pathological angiogenesis for uncontrollable growth. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy, which aims to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, has become an attractive approach for oncotherapy. However, classic anti-angiogenic agents have several limitations in clinical use, such as lack of specific targeting, low bioavailability, and poor therapeutic outcomes. Hence, alternative angiogenic inhibitors are highly desired. With the emergence of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been designed for anti-angiogenesis purposes, offering promising features like excellent targeting capabilities, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we describe tumor vascular features, discuss current dilemma of traditional anti-angiogenic medicines in oncotherapy, and underline the potential of nanomaterials in tumor anti-angiogenic therapy. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges of anti-angiogenic cancer treatment. We expect that this summary of anti-angiogenic nanomaterials in oncotherapy will offer valuable insights, facilitating their extensive applications in the future.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 37871753
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.022 -
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Oct 2022The growth of blood vessels from already existing vasculature is angiogenesis and it is one of the fundamental processes in fetal development, tissue damage or repair,... (Review)
Review
The growth of blood vessels from already existing vasculature is angiogenesis and it is one of the fundamental processes in fetal development, tissue damage or repair, and the reproductive cycle. In a healthy person, angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. However, when the balance is disturbed, it results in various diseases or disorders. The angiogenesis pathway is a sequential cascade and differs based on the stimuli. Therefore, targeting one of the factors involved in the process can help us find a therapeutic strategy to treat irregular angiogenesis. In the past three decades of cancer research, angiogenesis has been at its peak, where an anti-angiogenic agent inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a promising substance to treat cancer. In addition, cancer can be assessed based on the expression of angiogenic factors and its response to therapies. Angiogenesis is important for all tissues, which might be normal or pathologically changed and occur through ages. In clinical therapeutics, target therapy focusing on discovery of novel anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab, cetuximab, sunitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, thalidomide, everolimus etc., to block or inhibit the angiogenesis pathway is well explored in recent times. In this review, we will discuss about the molecular signaling pathways involved in major angiogenic diseases in detail.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Cetuximab; Everolimus; Humans; Imatinib Mesylate; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Sunitinib; Thalidomide; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 35581517
DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04452-x -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... May 2021Tumor vasculature blockade therapy (TVBT), including angiogenesis inhibition, vascular disruption, and vascular infarction, provides a promising treatment modality for... (Review)
Review
Tumor vasculature blockade therapy (TVBT), including angiogenesis inhibition, vascular disruption, and vascular infarction, provides a promising treatment modality for solid tumors. However, low selectivity, drug resistance, and possible severe side effects have limited the clinical transformation of TVBT. Engineered nanoparticles offer potential solutions, including prolonged circulation time, targeted transportation, and controlled release of TVBT agents. Moreover, engineered nanomedicines provide a promising combination platform of TVBT with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, ultrasound therapy, and gene therapy. In this article, we offer a comprehensive summary of the current progress of engineered nanomedicines for TVBT and also discuss current deficiencies and future directions for TVBT development. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Microvessels; Nanomedicine; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 33480163
DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1691 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Transcortical vessels (TCVs) provide effective communication between bone marrow vascular system and external circulation. Although osteocytes are in close contact with...
Transcortical vessels (TCVs) provide effective communication between bone marrow vascular system and external circulation. Although osteocytes are in close contact with them, it is not clear whether osteocytes regulate the homeostasis of TCVs. Here, we show that osteocytes maintain the normal network of TCVs by transferring mitochondria to the endothelial cells of TCV. Partial ablation of osteocytes causes TCV regression. Inhibition of mitochondrial transfer by conditional knockout of Rhot1 in osteocytes also leads to regression of the TCV network. By contrast, acquisition of osteocyte mitochondria by endothelial cells efficiently restores endothelial dysfunction. Administration of osteocyte mitochondria resultes in acceleration of the angiogenesis and healing of the cortical bone defect. Our results provide new insights into osteocyte-TCV interactions and inspire the potential application of mitochondrial therapy for bone-related diseases.
Topics: Osteocytes; Angiogenesis; Endothelial Cells; Bone and Bones; Mitochondria
PubMed: 38514612
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46095-0 -
Experimental Cell Research Nov 2021Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression. Diet may inhibit, retard or reverse these processes affecting angiogenesis... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression. Diet may inhibit, retard or reverse these processes affecting angiogenesis (angioprevention). Nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibers, and phenolic compounds, improve health benefits as they are a source of bioactive compounds that, among other effects, can regulate angiogenesis. The literature concerning the pro-angiogenic and/or anti-angiogenic nutraceuticals and the possible activated pathways in cancer and other non-neoplastic diseases by in vivo and in vitro experiments are reviewed.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 34637764
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112859 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jun 2022All living beings continue their life by receiving energy and by excreting waste products. In animals, the arteries are the pathways of these transfers to the cells.... (Review)
Review
All living beings continue their life by receiving energy and by excreting waste products. In animals, the arteries are the pathways of these transfers to the cells. Angiogenesis, the formation of the arteries by the development of pre-existed parental blood vessels, is a phenomenon that occurs naturally during puberty due to certain physiological processes such as menstruation, wound healing, or the adaptation of athletes' bodies during exercise. Nonetheless, the same life-giving process also occurs frequently in some patients and, conversely, occurs slowly in some physiological problems, such as cancer and diabetes, so inhibiting angiogenesis has been considered to be one of the important strategies to fight these diseases. Accordingly, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the highly controlled process of angiogenesis is very important in tissue repairing. Excessive angiogenesis can promote tumor progression and lack of enough angiogensis can hinder tissue repair. Thereby, both excessive and deficient angiogenesis can be problematic, this review article introduces and describes the types of factors involved in controlling angiogenesis. Considering all of the existing strategies, we will try to lay out the latest knowledge that deals with stimulating/inhibiting the angiogenesis. At the end of the article, owing to the early-reviewed mechanical aspects that overshadow angiogenesis, the strategies of angiogenesis in tissue engineering will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35672585
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04348-5 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2021Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer since it allows for the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors as well as tumor... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer since it allows for the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors as well as tumor dissemination to distant organs. Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important strategy for the prevention of multiple solid tumors that depend on cutting or at least reducing the blood supply to tumor micro-regions, resulting in pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis within solid tumor tissues. These drugs are an important part of treatment for some types of cancer. As a stand-alone therapy, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis can arrest or halt tumor growth, but will not eliminate the tumor. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs in combinations with another anti-cancer treatment method, like chemotherapy, lead to being critical for optimum cancer patient outcomes. Over the last two decades, investigations have been made to improve the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, recognize their potential in drug interactions, and come up with plausible explanations for possible treatment resistance. This review will offer an overview of the varying concepts of tumor angiogenesis, several important angiogenic factors; focus on the role of anti-angiogenesis strategies in cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 34147821
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100422 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Jan 2024Cancer remains the primary cause of mortality in developed nations. Although localized tumors can be effectively addressed through surgery, radiotherapy, and other... (Review)
Review
Cancer remains the primary cause of mortality in developed nations. Although localized tumors can be effectively addressed through surgery, radiotherapy, and other targeted methods, drug efficacy often wanes in the context of metastatic diseases. As a result, significant efforts are being made to develop drugs capable of not only inhibiting tumor growth but also impeding the metastasis of malignant tumors, with a focus on hindering their migration to adjacent organs. Cancer stem cells metastasize via blood and lymphatic vessels, exhibiting a high mutation rate, significant variability, and a predisposition to drug resistance. In contrast, endothelial cells, being less prone to mutation, are less likely to give rise to drug-resistant clones. Furthermore, the direct contact of circulating anti-angiogenic drugs with vascular endothelial cells expedites their therapeutic impact. Hence, anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy assumes a pivotal role in cancer treatment. This paper provides a succinct overview of the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between cancer stem cells and angiogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Endothelial Cells; Angiogenesis; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells
PubMed: 38160481
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155064 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022A co-culture assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) was used to study whether selected angiogenesis...
A co-culture assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) was used to study whether selected angiogenesis inhibitors were able to inhibit differentiation and network formation of HUVECs in vitro. The effect of the inhibitors was determined by the morphology and the calculated percentage area covered by HUVECs. Neutralizing VEGF with avastin and polyclonal goat anti-VEGF antibody and inhibiting VEGFR2 with sorafenib and vatalanib resulted in the formation of HUVEC clusters of variable sizes as a result of inhibited EC differentiation. Furthermore, numerous inhibitors of the VEGF signaling pathways were tested for their effect on the growth and differentiation of HUVECs. The effects of these inhibitors did not reveal a cluster morphology, either individually or when combined to block VEGFR2 downstream pathways. Only the addition of -methyl--bromolevamisole revealed a similar morphology as when targeting VEGF and VEGFR2, meaning it may have an inhibitory influence directly on VEGFR signaling. Additionally, several nuclear receptor ligands and miscellaneous compounds that might affect EC growth and differentiation were tested, but only dexamethasone gave rise to cluster formation similarly to VEGF-neutralizing compounds. These results point to a link between angiogenesis, HUVEC differentiation and glucocorticoid receptor activation.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
PubMed: 35457095
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084277