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BMC Oral Health Oct 2019The small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from persistent and recurrent infections, especially after placement of medical devices having...
BACKGROUND
The small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from persistent and recurrent infections, especially after placement of medical devices having direct contact with human tissues. The emergence of SCVs is a survival strategy of S. aureus which enables them to hide inside host's cells and induces a less severe immune response than to wild-type S. aureus. However, contrary to other medical devices, dental prosthesis as a surface potentially colonized by SCVs of S. aureus has not been examined thus far. We reported the first case of SCVs - S. aureus infection in denture wearer.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 62-year-old woman with a complete removable acrylic denture presented extensive elevated erythematous lesions on the palate, compatible with denture stomatitis. The patient had a history of arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking and wearing denture at night. The fungal colonies, identified as Candida albicans, were cultured on Sabouraud agar. From three swabs (from hard palate mucosa, denture surface and angular cheilitis lesions) were cultured of pinpoint, clear, non-pigmented, and non-haemolytic colonies on Columbia agar. The small colonies turned out to be Gram-positive cocci, catalase-, Pastorex Staph Plus -, and clumping factor-positive, and oxidase-negative. Suspected phenotypically SCVs forms were definitively identified as S. aureus based on PCR amplification of species specific nuc and coa genes. Methicillin-resistance was verified by mecA gene detection. The isolates turned out to be susceptible to methicillin (MSSA) and resistant to gentamicin. The isolate was identified as menadione-auxotrophic variant.
CONCLUSIONS
This case demonstrated that oral cavity in denture wearers may be a reservoir of small-colony variants of S. aureus, besides C. albicans. The prevalence of these bacteria and their role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases are not understood. Due to problems with their detection and identification, the true prevalence of oral SCVs may be underestimated.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Prosthesis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stomatitis, Denture; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31604449
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0910-6 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) represents a heterogeneous group of rare orofacial diseases. When affecting gingiva, it appears as a chronic soft tissue inflammation,...
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) represents a heterogeneous group of rare orofacial diseases. When affecting gingiva, it appears as a chronic soft tissue inflammation, sometimes combined with the enlargement and swelling of other intraoral sites, including the lips. Gingival biopsy highlights noncaseating granulomatous inflammation, similar to that observed in Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. At present, the etiology of OFG remains uncertain, although the involvement of the genetic background and environmental triggers, such as oral conditions or therapies (including orthodontic treatment), has been suggested. The present study reports the results of a detailed clinical and 2D/3D microscopy investigation of a case of gingival orofacial granulomatosis in an 8-year-old male patient after orthodontic therapy. Intraoral examination showed an erythematous hyperplasia of the whole gingiva with a granular appearance occurring a few weeks after the installation of a quad-helix. Peri-oral inspection revealed upper labial swelling and angular cheilitis. General investigations did not report ongoing extra-oral disturbances with the exception of a weakly positive IgG auto-antibody. Two- and three-dimensional microscopic investigations confirmed the presence of gingival orofacial granulomatosis. Daily corticoid mouthwashes over a period of 3 months resulted in a slight improvement in clinical signs, despite an intermittent inflammation recurrence. This study brings new insights into the microscopic features of gingival orofacial granulomatosis, thus providing key elements to oral practitioners to ensure accurate and timely OFG diagnosis. The accurate diagnosis of OFG allows targeted management of symptoms and patient monitoring over time, along with early detection and treatment of extra-oral manifestations, such as Crohn's disease.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Granulomatosis, Orofacial; Crohn Disease; Gingiva; Microscopy; Inflammation; Edema
PubMed: 37109631
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040673 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Apr 2024COVID-19, a pandemic since 2019, is still causing significant healthcare burden across the world. Although the disease primarily presents with respiratory symptoms, a...
BACKGROUND
COVID-19, a pandemic since 2019, is still causing significant healthcare burden across the world. Although the disease primarily presents with respiratory symptoms, a multitude of signs and symptoms may be manifested elsewhere in the body.
AIM
This study was to estimate the prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19 diagnosed patients and thereby understand the effects of corona virus disease on oral health.
MATERIALS & METHODS
A total of 472 patients were evaluated using a questionnaire and further examined visually using a mouth mirror and a light source.The patients were evaluated for erythema, ulcers, macule, papule, vescicles, bullae or any other abnormal changes within the oral cavity.
RESULTS
103 patients (21%) were found to have oral lesions and 41 (39.8%) of them presented with palatal enanthem which was macular in nature. Candidiasis was noted in 19 (18.4%) patients, ulcer in 4 (3.8%), mucositis in 5 (4.8%), angular cheilitis in 3 (2.9%), white coating on tongue in 25 (24.2%) & depapillated tongue with glossitis in 6 (5.8%). Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression.Tobacco chewing, malignancies and altered taste sensation were found to be independently associated with oral lesions.
CONCLUSION
The study thus confirms the presence of oral lesions in diagnosed COVID-19 patients prompting healthcare professionals on a multidisciplinary approach towards this novel disease.
PubMed: 38601253
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02049-5 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Sep 2019A 42-year-old male with skin type I and a history of rosacea and eczema presented with crusting, erythema, and pustules distributed on the left oral commissure. Angular...
A 42-year-old male with skin type I and a history of rosacea and eczema presented with crusting, erythema, and pustules distributed on the left oral commissure. Angular cheilitis was diagnosed and regular petrolatum use recommended until resolution of the lesion. Eight days later, with no improvement in symptoms, fungal and bacterial cultures were performed which resulted in the growth of cutibacterium acnes, a variant of p. acnes.
Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Perioral; Glucocorticoids; Granuloma; Humans; Injections, Intralesional; Male; Treatment Outcome; Triamcinolone
PubMed: 31524997
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Oct 2019The treatment of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has been compromised in the past by the lack of oral therapeutic information and the use of...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The treatment of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has been compromised in the past by the lack of oral therapeutic information and the use of conventional complete dentures.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this clinical case series study was to describe a digital rehabilitation protocol involving computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques for the treatment of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and to follow up for 4 years the patients who underwent this treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A case series analyzing implant survival, peri-implant tissue health, and patient satisfaction with the treatment received was made of 4 patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Bimaxillary fixed implant-supported complete-arch rehabilitation was carried out by using a digital protocol with CAD-CAM techniques.
RESULTS
The implant survival rate was 100%, with a bleeding rate of 74.2% and an inflammation rate of 58.0%. Gingival stability was achieved in 77.4% of the patients, with gingival displacement in 22.6% of the implants. However, the probing depth was maintained between 1 and 3 mm in 96.7% of the implants placed.
CONCLUSIONS
Fixed complete-arch implant-supported rehabilitation is a successful treatment for patients with epidermolysis. Digital intraoral scanning facilitates the treatment of patients with this condition and reduces the clinical complications associated with conventional impression techniques (ulceration, blistering, angular cheilitis, and so forth).
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Denture, Complete; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica; Humans
PubMed: 31079885
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.11.019 -
Rheumatology International Jun 2020Patients with Sjögren's syndrome are at a higher risk to develop oral candidiasis than the general population. As antifungals have many side-effects, new approaches are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Patients with Sjögren's syndrome are at a higher risk to develop oral candidiasis than the general population. As antifungals have many side-effects, new approaches are needed to address this problem. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of probiotics in the reduction of oral candidal growth in patients with SS. Thirty-two Sjogren's syndrome patients were randomly allocated in two groups receiving either Probiotics or placebo capsules twice a day for 5 weeks. The strains included in the probiotic capsule were Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacteriumbifidum. Oral rinse solution samples were collected and candidal levels were determined (CFU/mL) at baseline and after the 5-week experimental period. Pain, erythema and angular cheilitis were also assessed at baseline and after 2, 4 and 5-week. In the probiotic group, there was a statistically significant reduction of the candidal load from baseline to the 5th week respectively. However, the change in candidal load at the same time in the placebo group was not statistically significant. The tested probiotic product may represent an unconventional method to reduce candidal colonization, to prevent oral candidosis in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.Clinical trials registration ID NCT03840538 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03840538).
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Double-Blind Method; Probiotics; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 32219478
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04558-9 -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2020One of the most common complications of complex anticancer therapy is the development of various lesions of the oral cavity, including mucositis, which adversely affects...
One of the most common complications of complex anticancer therapy is the development of various lesions of the oral cavity, including mucositis, which adversely affects the quality of life of the patient, limits the dose of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and further adversely affects the effectiveness of complex therapy. Objective - to investigate the dental status of patients who are in anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy through clinical examination and calculation hygienic indices. During the study, the oral cavity was examined in 130 patients from 2015-2020, during the examination the dental status was registered and complaints were recorded. The dental status of patients on antitumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy by the method of clinical examination and calculation of hygienic indices (CSR (caries: sealed: removed), CPI index, Green Vermilion index, Fedorov-Volodkina index) was studied. A clinical examination of the oral cavity of patients who were on anticancer therapy in a cancer hospital revealed that the patients had poor oral hygiene and needed specialized dental treatment. Burning of the oral mucosa was present in 92.3% of patients, paresthesia - in 97.7%, taste disturbance and xerostomia - in all patients. In 30.0% there was angular cheilitis, in 96.2% bleeding gums, pus from periodontal pockets in - 17.7%, the formation of ulcers of the oral mucosa - 63.9%, mouth opening disorders - in 19.2%. The need for dental care was in 13.1% of patients in the study group. During the year before hospitalization, patients had 0.8±0.4 visits to the dentist per year, rarely used additional personal hygiene products for oral care - in 9.2%. The results indicate the presence of oral problems in 100.0% of patients receiving specialized antitumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as the presence of a sufficiently high need for specialized dental treatment.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mucositis; Periodontal Pocket; Quality of Life; Xerostomia
PubMed: 33526726
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Nov 2022Transgenders are a highly vulnerable subset within the high-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. Oral manifestations are among the early signs of...
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND
Transgenders are a highly vulnerable subset within the high-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. Oral manifestations are among the early signs of HIV infection. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the oral mucosal lesions among the HIV-positive transgenders in Odisha taking antiretroviral therapy as well as those not taking antiretroviral therapy.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out among HIV-positive transgenders in four districts of Odisha. Snowball nonprobability sampling technique was adopted, and type IV clinical examination was performed using the modified WHO record form for oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS (2013). Independent sample test was used to compare mean age among those taking ART with those not taking ART. Chi-square test was used to detect the associations among categorical variables.
RESULTS
The study comprised of 163 participants, 109 (71.24%) who were taking antiretroviral therapy, while 44 (28.76%) not taking antiretroviral therapy. The mean age was 32.56 + 7.69 years. Sex work was the most predominant occupation. Majority of the participants reported of having hyperpigmentation of different parts of oral mucosa. Aphthous ulcer and angular cheilitis was noticed in 14.72% and 9.20%, respectively. Other manifestations noticed included erythematous candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, herpetic stomatitis/gingivitis and/or labialis, herpes zoster, warty like lesions/human papillomavirus, other ulcerations (not otherwise specified/necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis), and dry mouth due to decreased salivary flow.
CONCLUSION
Careful evaluation of oral manifestations can improve the quality of life of these marginalized, highly vulnerable population.
PubMed: 36993032
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_940_22 -
HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024Oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, posing a concern for healthcare professionals, impact...
BACKGROUND
Oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, posing a concern for healthcare professionals, impact their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral mucosal lesions and OHRQoL as measured by the validated Indonesian version of the oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Referral Hospital in West Java, Indonesia. The validity of OHIP-14 was evaluated in 30 PLWHA using inter-item corrected correlation, while reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and kappa coefficient agreement. Subsequently, a consecutive sample of 110 PLWHA self-completed the validated Indonesian version of OHIP-14 and underwent an oral examination. The association between oral mucosal lesions and OHRQoL was analyzed using the chi-squared test.
RESULTS
The validity test of the OHIP-14 questionnaire produced a r > 0.189, meaning that all question items were valid and could be used to describe OHRQoL. The reliability test of the OHIP-14 questionnaire produced a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.960 (> 0.7), which means that overall, the OHIP-14 questionnaire is reliable and feasible to be used to assess OHRQoL. Among the 110 enrolled participants, 61.8% were female and 38.2% were male, with the mean age 23.5 years old, the majority of them (59.1%) had been taking antiretrovirals (ARV), and (81.5%) had good QoL. There was a statistically significant relationship between oral lesions and quality of life (p<0.05), particularly acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, angular cheilitis, recurrent intraoral herpes, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated a significant association between oral mucosal lesions and OHRQoL in PLWHA. The successfully validated Indonesian version of the OHIP-14 questionnaire serves as a reliable and effective tool for assessing OHRQoL among PLWHA.
PubMed: 38348377
DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S452154 -
Terapevticheskii Arkhiv Feb 2023Treatment of recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in HIV-infected patients is a serious clinical problem due to the emergence of resistant Candida strains, the risk... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
UNLABELLED
Treatment of recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in HIV-infected patients is a serious clinical problem due to the emergence of resistant Candida strains, the risk of invasive disease, and high economic costs, which warrants the need for new treatment regimens.
AIM
To improve the treatment regimen of OPC in the later stages of HIV infection by combining the complex herbal medicinal product Tonsilgon N with fluconazole and evaluate the effectiveness of this combination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comparative randomized clinical study included 65 patients divided into observation and comparison groups, receiving fluconazole plus Tonsilgon H and fluconazole monotherapy, respectively, for 7 days. On days 1 and 8, the severity of OPC clinical signs was assessed using a visual analog scale. The secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva was measured as a criterion for changing the level of local mucosal protection of the oral cavity and pharynx.
CONCLUSION
This treatment regimen for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with HIV infection in the later stages of the disease (IVB-IVC) with fluconazole and Tonsilgon N is effective, which is confirmed by a significantly more pronounced regression of clinical signs (<0.01), as well as an increase in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A in the oral fluid (from 0.62±0.33 g/L to 0.81±0.18 g/L; <0.05).
Topics: Humans; Fluconazole; HIV Infections; Antifungal Agents; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis
PubMed: 37167115
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.01.202064