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Future Microbiology Nov 2021The present review encompasses a patent landscape on bacteriophage as an antimicrobial agent and one of the alternatives to combat antibiotic resistance in bacteria.... (Review)
Review
The present review encompasses a patent landscape on bacteriophage as an antimicrobial agent and one of the alternatives to combat antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This study gives a perspective on use of bacteriophages in various industries such as healthcare, food safety and animal and plant protection. Patenting activity was noted for all the antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens listed in the 'critical' category by the WHO. Broadly, claims of the analyzed patents were directed toward bacteriophage, composition/formulation containing phage, phage proteins and various methods of using or producing phage. The challenges to approval of phage therapy in clinical use may be overcome with the help of focused research and modification of the regulatory guidelines for phage therapy.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Phage Therapy
PubMed: 34755539
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0062 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Jun 2021Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural iron-binding protein involved in coordinating specific and non-specific immune responses in humans. It exhibits broad spectrum... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural iron-binding protein involved in coordinating specific and non-specific immune responses in humans. It exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Owing to its high affinity for ferric (Fe) ions, Lf is responsible for controlling the oxidative stress in the body, and thus protects cells from oxygen injury. In addition, Lf is a natural immunomodulatory molecule that regulates the activity of the immune system.
HIGHLIGHT
Lactoferrin present in saliva plays an important role in maintaining oral hygiene. It exhibits protective function on mucosal surfaces, which constitute a barrier between the host and the external environment. Thus, Lf may be considered as the first line of defense protein that is associated with oral mucosal immunity.
CONCLUSION
Many studies indicate that lactoferrin supplementation is safe and beneficial for human health. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of Lf on oral microflora, highlighting the potential significance of this protein in dental therapy and prevention of oral diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Dentistry; Humans; Lactoferrin; Viruses
PubMed: 33662566
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.02.005 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2019resistance to current antibiotics has become the greatest global challenge facing public health. The development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent and important and...
resistance to current antibiotics has become the greatest global challenge facing public health. The development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent and important and is needed to provide additional therapeutic options. In our previous study, we found out that pterostilbene exhibited potent antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin-resistant (MRSA). According to previous studies, 1,2,3-triazole, with the characteristic of increasing the interaction with the target readily and enhancing water solubility, were widely used in the approved anti-bacterial drugs. Therefore, these results attract our interest to use the structure of pterostilbene as a scaffold for the hybrid 1,2,3-triazole moiety to develop a novel anti-MRSA infection agent. In this study, we demonstrated the design and synthesis of a series of triazolylpterostilbene derivatives. Among these compounds, compound exhibited the most potent anti-MRSA activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.2-2.4 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 19.5-39 μg/mL. The structure-activity relationship and antibacterial mechanism were investigated in this study. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify and rationalize the biological results. In this study, the results confirmed that our design could successfully increase the inhibitory activity and specificity against MRSA. Compound could be used as a candidate for anti-bacterial agents and in depth vivo studies should be further investigated.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA Polymerase III; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Molecular Docking Simulation; Stilbenes; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazoles
PubMed: 31540106
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184564 -
International Journal of Oral Science Oct 2019Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge. Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with... (Review)
Review
Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge. Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells. The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years. Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release, contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface. Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms, and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data. The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Humans; Mouth; Plankton
PubMed: 31570700
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0062-1 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... May 2022The objective of this systematic review was to retrieve and examine published studies related to in vitro and in vivo evaluation of disulfiram for the treatment of... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to retrieve and examine published studies related to in vitro and in vivo evaluation of disulfiram for the treatment of bacterial infections. Five scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) were searched to retrieve the maximum literature regarding the study's aim. The search strategy retrieved a total of 870 studies, of which 31 were included and 19 approached disulfiram as the primary aim and 12 included it as a secondary finding from other investigational objectives. The evidence pointed out five main aspects of pre-clinical testing regarding disulfiram antibacterial activity, namely spectrum of antimicrobial action, drug combinations, intracellular studies, animal studies and bacterial targets. Findings to emerge from this study are the observed potential of disulfiram as a non-antibiotic drug being proposed as a potential drug to contribute to the treatment of bacterial diseases usually with few treatment alternatives in the context of drug resistance. We evaluated the potency and selectivity of disulfiram, which indeed until now shows potential to be explored for use as an adjunctive chemical to antimicrobial ones. Even with the level of evidence being reserved, the potential of combining disulfiram with other drugs, already used or new to be used for the treatment of mycobacterial diseases, as well as its likely immunomodulatory effect, deserve to be further investigated. Furthermore, the copper-dependent mode of action in Gram-positive bacteria is an alternative to be explored in drug design or repurposing of chemicals.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Disulfiram; Gram-Positive Bacteria
PubMed: 35367599
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106578 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Mar 2023Our current study reports the anti-bacterial activity of the gold nanoparticles (AuNps) synthesized by the green synthesis method using Vitex negundo plant leaves. The...
Our current study reports the anti-bacterial activity of the gold nanoparticles (AuNps) synthesized by the green synthesis method using Vitex negundo plant leaves. The aqueous extract of Vitex negundo plant leaves are acting as the capping and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of AuNps. It is already evident from earlier studies that Vitex negundo is an abundant source of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and many other biologically active compounds. The present study reveals the potential of biologically active compounds from the plant in the reduction reaction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl) into gold nanoparticles. The green synthesis method is adapted instead of the chemical method, which is toxic and more expensive. The gold nanoparticles subjected to characterization with the help of UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR to determine functional groups, light scattering to estimate size and uniformity, scanning emission microscopy with EDX for accurate size and shape of AuNps, and X-ray diffraction to reveal the crystalline structure. The characteristics of AuNps formed are UV reading at 520 nm, FTIR showing the presence of phenols and alkenes, DLS, SEM, and XRD confirming the spherical shape with the size around 70-90 nm. The anti-bacterial activity of the gold nanoparticles is evaluated against four different species of bacteria, each two gram-positive and gram-negative. The gold nanoparticles formed by Vitex negundo show good anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and M. luteus bacteria with a zone of inhibition of 6 mm and 2 mm respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activities of the gold nanoparticles are yet to be known to their full extent.
Topics: Gold; Vitex; Metal Nanoparticles; Flavonoids; Plant Extracts; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Green Chemistry Technology
PubMed: 36355335
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04217-8 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2023Periodontitis has been reported as the sixth most prevalent disease in human beings. This destructive disease is closely related to systemic diseases. Existing local...
Periodontitis has been reported as the sixth most prevalent disease in human beings. This destructive disease is closely related to systemic diseases. Existing local drug delivery systems for periodontitis suffer from poor antibacterial effect and drug resistance. Inspired by the pathogenesis of periodontitis, we implemented a strategy to construct a dual functional polypeptide LL37-C15, which exhibited remarkable antibacterial effect against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, LL37-C15 inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by controlling the inflammatory pathway and reversing macrophage M1. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of LL37-C15 was also verified in vivo in a periodontitis rat model through the morphometry and histological observations of alveolar bone, hematoxylin-eosin, and Trap staining in gingival tissue. The results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that LL37-C15 could selectively destroy the bacterial cell membrane and protect the animal cell membrane in a self-destructive manner. The results showed that the polypeptide LL37-C15, as a novel promising therapeutic agent, exhibited a great potential for the periodontitis management. What's more, this dual functional polypeptide provides a promising strategy for building a multifunctional therapeutic platform against the inflammation and other diseases.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37196724
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124920 -
Current Drug Delivery 2020Fast progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology has contributed to the way in which people diagnose, combat, and overcome various diseases differently from the... (Review)
Review
Fast progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology has contributed to the way in which people diagnose, combat, and overcome various diseases differently from the conventional methods. Metal nanoparticles, mainly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), are currently developed for many applications in the medical and pharmaceutical area including as antibacterial, antibiofilm as well as anti-leshmanial agents, drug delivery systems, diagnostics tools, as well as being included in personal care products and cosmetics. In this review, the preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs using different methods is discussed, particularly the green or bio- synthesis method as well as common methods used for their physical and chemical characterization. In addition, the mechanisms of the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs are discussed, along with the toxicity of both nanoparticles. The review will provide insight into the potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and AuNPs as antimicrobial nanomaterial agents for future use.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Silver
PubMed: 31880259
DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666191227094334 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Oct 2019Taste is a crucial factor that determines the palatability of the oral dosage form and patient compliance. (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Taste is a crucial factor that determines the palatability of the oral dosage form and patient compliance.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to evaluate the organoleptic excipients in oral antibiotics for pediatric use marketed in Brazil.
METHODS
The information was obtained from the GuidetoPharmacy, a reference for the pharmaceutical trade. The analysis included dosage forms for oral administration and drugs and their combination with antibacterial action. After this survey, we identified the constitution of the flavoring, sweetening, and coloring agents of each medicine. The results are presented in a descriptive form.
RESULTS
Twelve drugs or associations are distributed in 70medicines. Oral suspension was the most common pharmaceutical dosage form. Sweeteners were sucrose, sodium saccharin, and sodium cyclamate. All the coloring agents observed are synthetic and the most frequent ones were yellow twilight no. 6, yellow tartrazine no. 5, and red ponceau 4R. The presence of two or more types of flavorings per medicine was observed.
CONCLUSION
Antibacterials use coloring agents, flavorings, and sweeteners to facilitate the administration of medicines for children, using up to six different substances per formulation. No natural coloring agent was observed, demonstrating an issue to be explored in the future. It is important to note that, although necessary, these excipients are responsible for a high incidence of allergic reactions in children.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Child; Coloring Agents; Excipients; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Pediatrics; Sweetening Agents
PubMed: 31611144
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.09.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Biofilms are complex structures formed by bacteria, fungi, or even viruses on biotic and abiotic surfaces, and they can be found in almost any part of the human body.... (Review)
Review
Biofilms are complex structures formed by bacteria, fungi, or even viruses on biotic and abiotic surfaces, and they can be found in almost any part of the human body. The prevalence of biofilm-associated diseases has increased in recent years, mainly because of the frequent use of indwelling medical devices that create opportunities for clinically important bacteria and fungi to form biofilms either on the device or on the neighboring tissues. As a result of their resistance to antibiotics and host immunity factors, biofilms have been associated with the development or persistence of several clinically important diseases. The inability to completely eradicate biofilms drastically increases the burden of disease on both the patient and the healthcare system. Therefore, it is crucial to develop innovative ways to tackle the growth and development of biofilms. This review focuses on dental- and implant-associated biofilm infections, their prevalence in humans, and potential therapeutic intervention strategies, including the recent advances in pharmacology and biomedical engineering. It lists current strategies used to control the formation of clinically important biofilms, including novel antibiotics and their carriers, antiseptics and disinfectants, small molecule anti-biofilm agents, surface treatment strategies, and nanostructure functionalization, as well as multifunctional coatings particularly suitable for providing antibacterial effects to the surface of implants, to treat either dental- or implant-related bacterial infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Fungi; Humans
PubMed: 36076921
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179526