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The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Biological wastewater treatment is a process in which the microbial metabolism of complex communities transforms pollutants into low- or non-toxic products. Due to the... (Review)
Review
Biological wastewater treatment is a process in which the microbial metabolism of complex communities transforms pollutants into low- or non-toxic products. Due to the absence of an in-depth understanding of the diversity and complexity of microbial communities, it is very likely to ignore the potential mechanisms of microbial community in wastewater treatment. Metagenomics is a technology based on molecular biology, in which massive gene sequences are obtained from environmental samples and analyzed by bioinformatics to determine the composition and function of a microbial community. Metagenomics can identify the state of microbes in their native environments more effectively than traditional molecular methods. This review summarizes the application of metagenomics to assess microbial communities in biological wastewater treatment, such as the biological removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by bacteria, the study of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the reduction of heavy metals by microbial communities, with an emphasis on the contribution of microbial diversity and metabolic diversity. Technical bottlenecks in the application of metagenomics to biological wastewater treatment are elucidated, and future research directions for metagenomics are proposed, among which the application of multi-omics will be an important research method for future biological wastewater treatment.
Topics: Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Water Purification
PubMed: 34606860
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150737 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Mar 2020
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 32027174
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0326 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2022Antibiotic resistance is a growing health concern that has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and scientists in recent years. Although resistance is an... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance is a growing health concern that has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and scientists in recent years. Although resistance is an inevitable consequence of bacterial evolution and natural selection, misuse and overuse of antibiotics play a significant role in its acceleration. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for common dermatoses, including acne and rosacea, as well as for skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, it is critical for dermatologists and physicians across all disciplines to identify, appropriately manage, and prevent cases of antibiotic resistance. This review explores dermatologic conditions in which the development of antibiotic resistance is a risk and discusses mechanisms underlying the development of resistance. We discuss disease-specific strategies for overcoming resistant strains and improving antimicrobial stewardship along with recent advances in the development of novel approaches to counter antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Dermatology; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans
PubMed: 34555484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.024 -
Molecular Microbiology Mar 2020The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens,... (Review)
Review
The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes has maintained a high rate of susceptibility to the antibiotics used for decades to treat human and animal infections. However, L. monocytogenes can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other organisms' plasmids and conjugative transposons. Ecological factors could account for its susceptibility. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature, most frequently including reservoirs unexposed to antibiotics, including intracellular sanctuaries. L. monocytogenes has a remarkably closed genome, reflecting limited community interactions, small population sizes and high niche specialization. The L. monocytogenes species is divided into variants that are specialized in small specific niches, which reduces the possibility of coexistence with potential donors of antibiotic resistance. Interactions with potential donors are also hampered by interspecies antagonism. However, occasional increases in population sizes (and thus the possibility of acquiring antibiotic resistance) can derive from selection of the species based on intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics, biocides, heavy metals or by a natural tolerance to extreme conditions. High-quality surveillance of the emergence of resistance to the key drugs used in primary therapy is mandatory.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids
PubMed: 32185838
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14454 -
British Journal of Community Nursing Dec 2019
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31800314
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.12.612 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2022Aquaculture is remarkably one of the most promising industries among the food-producing industries in the world. Aquaculture production as well as fish consumption per... (Review)
Review
Aquaculture is remarkably one of the most promising industries among the food-producing industries in the world. Aquaculture production as well as fish consumption per capita have been dramatically increasing over the past two decades. Shifting of culture method from semi-intensive to intensive technique and applying of antibiotics to control the disease outbreak are the major factors for the increasing trend of aquaculture production. Antibiotics are usually present at subtherapeutic levels in the aquaculture environment, which increases the selective pressure to the resistant bacteria and stimulates resistant gene transfer in the aquatic environment. It is now widely documented that antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria are transported from the aquatic environment to the terrestrial environment and may pose adverse effects on human and animal health. However, data related to antibiotic usage and bacterial resistance in aquaculture is very limited or even absent in major aquaculture-producing countries. In particular, residual levels of antibiotics in fish and shellfish are not well documented. Recently, some of the countries have already decided the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of antibiotics in fish muscle or skin; however, many antibiotics are yet not to be decided. Therefore, an urgent universal effort needs to be taken to monitor antibiotic concentration and resistant bacteria particularly multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria and to assess the associated risks in aquaculture. Finally, we suggest to take an initiative to make a uniform antibiotic registration process, to establish the MRLs for fish/shrimp and to ensure the use of only aquaculture antibiotics in fish and shellfish farming globally.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aquaculture; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fishes; Humans
PubMed: 35028843
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17825-4 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2021The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess... (Review)
Review
The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess resistance that renders antibiotics ineffective against them. The current review recapitulates the present state of knowledge about the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in various environmental matrices. Also, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria/antibiotic-resistant genes (ARB/ARGs) in various biological and non-biological systems, eco-toxicity of antibiotics on non-target organisms, and remediation methods for antibiotics and ARB/ARGs removal were critically reviewed. Furthermore, a comparison of various technologies for their efficiency to eliminate antibiotic residues and ARB/ARGs is made. The study identified gaps in the investigation of toxic effects of low concentration of antibiotics and the mixture of multiple antibiotics on non-target organisms. The study of antibiotics' phytotoxicity and toxicity towards sediment and soil-dwelling organisms are also recognized as a knowledge gap. The review also details policies implemented across the globe to fight against antibiotic resistance, and the scarcity of data on lab to land transferred remediation technology was identified. The present study entails a critical review of literature providing guidelines for the articulation of policies for prudent use of antibiotics, limits on the amount of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations, and regular surveillance in the Indian context.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Wastewater
PubMed: 33765260
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13143-x -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2023The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance. This raises concern over the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in...
The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance. This raises concern over the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in waterways and pose health risks of antibiotic resistant infections to water recreationists. The purpose of this study was to monitor water quality, microbial ecology, and antibiotic resistance in water and biofilm on submerged plastics at two public boat launches in southeastern Louisiana. Water and biofilm samples were collected once a month, in triplicate, from two public boat launches in Louisiana, USA for a year. Water quality metrics included nitrate, ammonia, sulfate, phosphate, and organic carbon. Water samples were tested for total and fecal coliform abundance and the presence of ARB. Out of 131 bacterial isolates studied from these two sites, 86% of them tested positive for antibiotic resistance with multi-drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for sulfonamide (sul2), bacitracin (bacA) and ampicillin (ampA) were identified in bacterial isolates from water and biofilm samples at both sites. Molecular genetic diversity analysis identified distinct taxonomic diversity differences in biofilm bacteria compared to the planktonic bacteria in the surrounding water. Biofilm samples showed increased diversity at the phylum, genus, and species levels.
Topics: Water Quality; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36584719
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128546 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2023The role of microplastics (MPs) in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly attracting global research attention due to their unique ecological... (Review)
Review
The role of microplastics (MPs) in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly attracting global research attention due to their unique ecological and environmental effects. The ubiquitous use of plastics and their release into the environment by anthropic/industrial activities are the main sources for MP contamination, especially of water bodies. Because of their physical and chemical characteristics, MPs represent an ideal substrate for microbial colonization and formation of biofilm, where horizontal gene transfer is facilitated. In addition, the widespread and often injudicious use of antibiotics in various human activities leads to their release into the environment, mainly through wastewater. For these reasons, wastewater treatment plants, in particular hospital plants, are considered hotspots for the selection of ARGs and their diffusion in the environment. As a result, the interaction of MPs with drug-resistant bacteria and ARGs make them vectors for the transport and spread of ARGs and harmful microorganisms. Microplastic-associated antimicrobial resistance is an emerging threat to the environment and consequently for human health. More studies are required to better understand the interaction of these pollutants with the environment as well as to identify effective management systems to reduce the related risk.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Wastewater; Plastics; Genes, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hospitals
PubMed: 37239594
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105868 -
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Dec 2023Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection, with approximately half of the world's population estimated to be colonized. The World Health... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection, with approximately half of the world's population estimated to be colonized. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified Helicobacter pylori as a class-I carcinogen. All main society guidelines recommend its eradication in infected individuals. The global trend indicates that eradication rates are decreasing annually and the likelihood of eradication decreases with each unsuccessful therapeutic attempt. Resistance to antibiotics in H. pylori strains is the leading cause for eradication failure. Still, drug resistance and treatment failure may be complex, multi-dimensional and associated with several other factors. Knowledge of these factors can aid in optimizing eradication rates. This review will focus on the factors associated with refractory H. pylori, with a particular emphasis on antibiotic resistance mechanisms and their clinical implications. Also, the most recent literature and recommendations available for determining an appropriate regimen after the failure of the first attempt at eradication will be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Treatment Failure; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 37737326
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01448-3