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Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2022Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that can be incapacitating and costly to individuals and society. The ASPD diagnosis has 2 main...
BACKGROUND
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that can be incapacitating and costly to individuals and society. The ASPD diagnosis has 2 main components, childhood conduct problems and adult antisocial behaviors, with specific age requirements. The nosological effects of these criteria on population subgroups defined by these aspects of the criteria have not been fully explored.
METHODS
Data for ASPD were analyzed for 3,498 individuals in the St Louis, Missouri, site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study of general population psychiatric disorders collected in the early 1980s using structured diagnostic interviews for DSM-III criteria. Effects of the criteria on population subgroups defined by various combinations of the criteria were examined.
RESULTS
Earlier-onset conduct disorder was more severe than later-onset childhood conduct disorder, with more total childhood and adult symptoms and negative psychosocial adult outcomes (substance use disorders, criminality, and homelessness). Three subgroups with adult antisocial behaviors (differentiated by no conduct disorder, later-onset conduct disorder, and earlier-onset conduct disorder meeting ASPD criteria) were similar in numbers of adult antisocial symptoms, but the ASPD subgroup had more negative psychosocial adult outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide evidence for and against reconsideration of the 15-year age-of-onset requirement for conduct symptoms in ASPD criteria.
Topics: Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Conduct Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35471161
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0063 -
Journal of Personality Disorders Feb 2020In addition to suicidal behaviors, men with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often display antisocial behavior that could impair contacts with mental health... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
In addition to suicidal behaviors, men with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often display antisocial behavior that could impair contacts with mental health services. While research has established effective treatments for women with BPD, this is not yet the case for men. The authors evaluated 12 months of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for 30 men with BPD and antisocial behavior, using a within-group design with repeated measurements. The authors found moderate to strong, statistically significant pre-to posttreatment reductions of several dysfunctional behaviors, including self-harm, verbal and physical aggression, and criminal offending (rate ratios 0.17-0.39). Symptoms of BPD and depression were also substantially decreased. The dropout rate was 30%, and completing participants reported high satisfaction with treatment and maintained their improvements at 1-year follow-up. The authors conclude that DBT could be an effective treatment alternative for men with BPD and antisocial behavior, and it merits future studies with more rigorous design.
Topics: Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Borderline Personality Disorder; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Self-Injurious Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30355023
DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_379 -
F1000Research 2020Raine (2019) reviewed previous research on the neural correlates of antisocial, violent, and psychopathic behavior based on previous studies of neuroscience of morality....
Raine (2019) reviewed previous research on the neural correlates of antisocial, violent, and psychopathic behavior based on previous studies of neuroscience of morality. The author identified neural circuitries associated with the aforementioned types of antisocial behaviors. However, in the review, Raine acknowledged a limitation in his arguments, the lack of evidence supporting the presence of the neural circuitries. In this correspondence, I intend to show that some of his concerns, particularly those about the insula and cingulate cortex, can be addressed with additional evidence from recent neuroimaging research. In addition, I will propose that the additional evidence can also provide some insights about how to design future neuroimaging studies to examine the functionality of the striatum in the circuitries.
Topics: Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Morals
PubMed: 32789010
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23346.2 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aug 2022Arts and cultural engagement is a potential strategy for reducing or preventing reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (those previously and problematically...
Arts and cultural engagement is a potential strategy for reducing or preventing reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (those previously and problematically termed as "delinquent") in adolescence. However, most research to date has focused on arts-based interventions and has not tested arts and cultural engagement in large population-based longitudinal studies. This study investigated whether arts and cultural engagement reduced reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors in two large nationally representative cohorts, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 10,610; 50% female, 72% White, age range = 11-21 mean = 15.07) and the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (n = 15,214; 50% female, 73% White, age range = 13-16 mean = 14.38). Structural equation modelling also allowed exploration of two potential mechanisms that might link arts and cultural engagement to reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (self-control and attitudes towards these behaviors). More arts and cultural engagement was associated with fewer reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors, better self-control scores, and fewer positive perceptions of reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors concurrently and one to two years later. Arts and cultural engagement may provide opportunities for adolescents to realize positive developmental outcomes, reducing their risk of reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Art Therapy; Attitude; Child; Crime; Criminal Behavior; Criminals; Culture; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 35318575
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01591-8 -
Journal of Adolescence Jul 2022This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of family structure on future delinquency using cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity as mediators.
INTRODUCTION
This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of family structure on future delinquency using cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity as mediators.
METHODS
Employing a sample of 845 middle school students (406 boys, 439 girls), this study examined the effects of family structure on future delinquency and antisocial cognition as students progressed through the middle school years-that is, sixth through eighth grade.
RESULTS
Family structure, assessed as a three-level variable (two-parent home vs. stepparent/grandparent home vs. single-parent home) or as a two-level variable (two-parent/stepparent home vs. other), predicted delinquency 2 years later. Adding antisocial cognition-cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity-to the model produced significant indirect effects in which both cognitive insensitivity and cognitive impulsivity mediated the family structure-delinquency relationship.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these results, it would appear that antisocial cognition plays a salient role in the association known to exist between family structure and later delinquency. The research and practical implications of these results include a call for greater use of a mediation methodology when studying the family structure-delinquency relationship and finding ways to assist families in creating control and moral values in their children.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Cognition; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Juvenile Delinquency; Male
PubMed: 35719052
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12063 -
Clinical Psychology Review Mar 2023Psychopathy has traditionally been linked with heightened criminality, but the relationship of psychopathy with increased risk for dangerousness is contested. To address... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psychopathy has traditionally been linked with heightened criminality, but the relationship of psychopathy with increased risk for dangerousness is contested. To address this debated issue, we conducted an umbrella review (PROSPERO CRD42020214761) of all available meta-analyses of psychopathy and indices of 'dangerousness' (e.g., violent or sexual recidivism, self-reported aggression). We searched PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to August 19, 2022, to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses on psychopathy and dangerousness. Our review included 33 studies, with the quantitative synthesis including 17 effect sizes extracted from 10 studies (N = ∼77,000 participants). Overall, we observed a pooled correlation coefficient r = 0.284 [95% CI = 0.233, 0.336] for the association of psychopathy with dangerousness (equivalent to Cohen's d = 0.592). Despite considerable heterogeneity (I = 89.9%), leave-one-out analyses had minimal impact. The effect was robust to examination of potential moderators such as study quality and sample ages. However, the relationship was stronger when psychopathy was assessed using self-report compared to clinical rating scales. The association should be interpreted as meaningful in both the short-term and the long-term and suggests that psychopathy is one of the strongest predictors of dangerousness in the realm of psychopathology.
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Recidivism; Aggression; Sexual Behavior; Self Report
PubMed: 36608488
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102240 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Jun 2024Psychopathic traits - and especially callous affective features - have been linked to altered processing of others' emotional expressions, and to reduced attention to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Psychopathic traits - and especially callous affective features - have been linked to altered processing of others' emotional expressions, and to reduced attention to the eyes. Despite the importance of gaze cueing (i.e., the tendency to orient attention toward where someone else is looking) for social functioning, few studies have investigated relationships between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing, and whether facial emotional expression influence these relationships, obtaining mixed results. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate associations between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing for emotional and neutral expressions.
METHODS
65 non-clinical male participants (M = 27.3 years) completed two self-report measures of psychopathy and performed laboratory tasks to assess gaze-cueing for emotional vs. neutral faces and an arrow-cueing task as a comparison.
RESULTS
Linear mixed models showed no significant associations of emotional (versus neutral) expressions, or psychopathy trait dimensions, with either gaze cueing or arrow cueing.
LIMITATIONS
Reliance on a convenience sample of non-clinical men, assessed with self-reports measures of psychopathy, and using static emotional stimuli limit the generalizability of our findings.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that psychopathic traits are not associated with individual differences in following others' gaze to direct attention, and that there was no advantage for affective relative to neutral expressions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Emotions; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cues; Eye; Facial Expression
PubMed: 38128274
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101936 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aug 2023Social and neurobiological factors independently associate with the development of antisocial behavior during adolescence, yet it is unclear how these factors contribute...
Social and neurobiological factors independently associate with the development of antisocial behavior during adolescence, yet it is unclear how these factors contribute to antisocial behavior in girls. Using a longitudinal sample of 45 adolescent girls (age in years at scan: M = 15.38, SD = 0.33), this study examined the contributions of parent-adolescent relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation from 6th-8th grades along with the neural correlates of risk taking in 9th grade to later antisocial behavior. High parent-adolescent closeness in early adolescence predicted lower antisocial behavior for girls in later adolescence via lower affiliation with deviant peer groups and less activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during risk taking. Findings highlight the enduring role of parents and peers during adolescence, and the importance of investigating social relationships alongside the brain to identify a holistic understanding of the development of antisocial behavior in girls.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Adolescent Behavior; Parents; Peer Group; Risk-Taking; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37249810
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01789-4 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Mar 2024Previous studies have indicated that smoking is linked to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, and that individuals with schizophrenia are more prone to...
AIMS
Previous studies have indicated that smoking is linked to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, and that individuals with schizophrenia are more prone to engaging in antisocial behavior. However, the causal effects of smoking behaviors on antisocial behavior and the potential mediating role of schizophrenia remains largely unclear.
METHODS
In the present study, using the summary data from genome wide association studies of smoking phenotypes (N = 323,386-805,431), schizophrenia (Ncases = 53,386, Ncontrols = 77,258), and antisocial behavior (N = 85,359), we assessed bidirectional causality between smoking phenotypes and schizophrenia by the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Using a two-step MR approach, we further examined whether causal effects of smoking phenotypes/schizophrenia on antisocial behavior were mediated by schizophrenia/smoking phenotypes.
RESULTS
The results showed that smoking initiation (SmkInit) and age of smoking initiation (AgeSmk) causally increase the risk of schizophrenia (SmkInit: OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.77-2.39, p = 4.36 × 10 ; AgeSmk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.16-0.62, p = 8.11 × 10 , Bonferroni corrected). However, there was no causal effect that liability to schizophrenia leads to smoking phenotypes. MR evidence also revealed causal influences of SmkInit and the amount smoked (CigDay) on antisocial behavior (SmkInit: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17-1.41, p = 2.53 × 10 ; CigDay: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.27, p = 1.60 × 10 , Bonferroni corrected). Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between SmkInit and antisocial behavior was partly mediated by schizophrenia (mediated proportion = 6.92%, 95% CI = 0.004-0.03, p = 9.66 × 10 ).
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide compelling evidence for taking smoking interventions as a prevention strategy for schizophrenia and its related antisocial behavior.
Topics: Humans; Smoking; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Genome-Wide Association Study; Schizophrenia; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 37650156
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14430 -
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Feb 2023Autonomy-supportive teaching increases prosocial and decreases antisocial behavior. Previous research showed that these effects occur because autonomy-supportive... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Autonomy-Supportive Teaching Enhances Prosocial and Reduces Antisocial Behavior via Classroom Climate and Psychological Needs: A Multilevel Randomized Control Intervention.
Autonomy-supportive teaching increases prosocial and decreases antisocial behavior. Previous research showed that these effects occur because autonomy-supportive teaching improves students' need states (a student-level process). However, the present study investigated whether these effects also occur because autonomy-supportive teaching improves the classroom climate (a classroom-level process). Teachers from 80 physical education classrooms were randomly assigned to participate (or not) in an autonomy-supportive teaching intervention, while their 2,227 secondary-grade students reported their need satisfaction and frustration, supportive and hierarchical classroom climates, and prosocial and antisocial behaviors at the beginning, middle, and end of an academic year. A doubly latent, multilevel structural equation model showed that teacher participation in the intervention (experimental condition) increased class-wide need satisfaction, a supportive climate, and prosocial behavior and decreased class-wide need frustration, a hierarchical climate, and antisocial behavior. Together, greater collective need satisfaction and a more supportive climate combined to explain increased prosocial behavior, while lesser need frustration and a less hierarchical climate combined to explain decreased antisocial behavior. These classroom climate effects have been overlooked, yet they are essential to explain why autonomy-supportive teaching improves students' social functioning.
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Educational Personnel; Motivation; Physical Education and Training; Students; Teaching
PubMed: 36634307
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0337