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The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Jul 2022The objective of this review is to shed light on the literature regarding the psychological impact of invasive cosmetic surgery and to discuss future implications for... (Review)
Review
The objective of this review is to shed light on the literature regarding the psychological impact of invasive cosmetic surgery and to discuss future implications for research and clinical practice. Articles published through October 2021 were reviewed to answer the question, "Does cosmetic surgery improve a patient's overall psychological health?" Psychological well-being was examined through the lens of body image, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression scores. The studies revealed that although cosmetic surgery seems to boost patients' body image, other crucial aspects of psychological well-being may or may not similarly benefit. Notably, factors such as a patient's preoperative mental status, level of education, type of cosmetic procedure, postoperative healing time, sex, and age play a role in determining the direction and magnitude of psychological change after surgery. Limitations include the lack of diversity in study populations and the potential role of body dysmorphic disorder. Overall, researchers have concluded that cosmetic surgery improves body image but remain in disagreement on its effects on self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.
Topics: Anxiety; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Body Image; Humans; Self Concept; Surgery, Plastic
PubMed: 35766540
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001477 -
Seminars in Oncology Nursing Feb 2022To describe nursing symptom management of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To describe nursing symptom management of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer.
DATA SOURCES
These include journal articles, online resources, and personal experience in providing mental health care to cancer survivors with depression and/or anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Nurses can provide emotional support for patients with cancer and depression or anxiety. Nurses can become aware of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment for depression and anxiety to help patients decrease their emotional distress. Nurses can also refer patients with cancer to psychiatric professionals and emotional support programs.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Nurses do not have to be experts in psychiatry to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. Nurses can listen empathically, guide patients in relaxation techniques, and advocate if they need psychotropic medications or psychiatric referrals.
Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35219567
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151251 -
Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing :... Jun 2021Elective surgical procedures predictably cause stress and anxiety for children and their parents. This can have a negative effect on the child's short-term and long-term... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Elective surgical procedures predictably cause stress and anxiety for children and their parents. This can have a negative effect on the child's short-term and long-term psychological and physiological outcomes. This narrative review examines perioperative child anxiety and existing interventions to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety. The aim was to identify a need and gaps in knowledge for future study.
DESIGN
Peer-reviewed articles were examined to identify themes in the literature on interventions in place to reduce child and parent perioperative anxiety and to identify any gaps in knowledge for future study.
METHODS
A narrative review of 62 peer-reviewed articles was conducted.
FINDINGS
Evidence of themes aimed at lowering perioperative child anxiety using medication, cognitive educational, and play therapy approaches emerged through the literature search. A relationship between parental anxiety and the effect on the child's anxiety was supported, yet interventions that target the parent were limited cognitive education interventions and were found to be implemented only in a small number of hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS
A clear gap is the lack of research on the effects of parental interventions on the short-term and long-term negative behavioral and physiological outcomes of child perioperative anxiety. Research is needed to further explore the effect of a preoperative psychotherapeutic intervention to allow parents to express anxieties and discuss them with a trained professional in the absence of children. A systematic review or further research would help determine if a psychotherapeutic intervention for the parents would lower child anxiety perioperatively.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Parents
PubMed: 33653615
DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.08.015 -
The International Journal of... Feb 2024This paper describes the anxiety evoked in a patient threatened by invasion or engulfment by his object on the one hand, and the fears of isolation and abandonment on...
This paper describes the anxiety evoked in a patient threatened by invasion or engulfment by his object on the one hand, and the fears of isolation and abandonment on the other. The author illustrates the patient's strugles to find a distance between himself and his object he can tolerate. The analyst has also to cope with the anxieties evoked by the patient's projections, and find a distance between himself and his patient that enables him to think and work.
Topics: Male; Humans; Anxiety; Fear; Projection
PubMed: 38470288
DOI: 10.1080/00207578.2023.2286753 -
Journal of Medicine and Life 2021In this study, we aimed to find a correlation between anxiety related to dental procedures and migraines. A cross-sectional study was performed on 171 patients who... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In this study, we aimed to find a correlation between anxiety related to dental procedures and migraines. A cross-sectional study was performed on 171 patients who attended specific dental clinics. The patients were randomly categorized into a migraine group (83) and a control group. To determine the anxiety level, all the patients filled out a validated questionnaire (the Arabic version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale). All responses ranged from "not anxious" (scoring 1) to "extremely anxious" (scoring 5). Based on the patient responses, the total score was recorded and compared statistically between the two groups. The sound of drilling was one of the most vital factors causing anxiety and headaches in migraine patients. Comparing the presence or absence of headache and usage of analgesics between the two groups, migraine patients complained to have headaches during or after dental treatment more frequently than controls and used analgesics more than non-migraine controls. Migraine patients visiting dental clinics feel more anxious about the working environment and need certain modifications before, during, and after dental procedures.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Anxiety; Headache; Humans; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 34621373
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0004 -
Maturitas Dec 2022The menopausal transition is often accompanied by psycho-vegetative symptoms, including stress and anxiety symptoms. Identifying stress and anxiety and intervening early... (Review)
Review
The menopausal transition is often accompanied by psycho-vegetative symptoms, including stress and anxiety symptoms. Identifying stress and anxiety and intervening early can have an enormous public health impact. Health care practitioners like obstetrician-gynecologists or family doctors play a critical role in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of stress and anxiety symptoms or disorders, as they often represent women's primary medical contact during the menopausal transition. However, they frequently do not feel confident in identifying and treating mental health problems. The aim of this review was to summarize current (since 2010) knowledge from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on diagnostics and treatment options, and to provide clinical decision-making algorithms. The recent literature suggests pharmacological, (cognitive) behavioral, and complementary treatments. The choice about which one to use should be discussed with the patient.
Topics: Female; Humans; Menopause; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions
PubMed: 35964446
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.07.015 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for many common mental health problems, but the mechanisms of action and processes of change are unclear, perhaps driven by the...
Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for many common mental health problems, but the mechanisms of action and processes of change are unclear, perhaps driven by the focus on a single diagnosis which does not reflect the heterogeneous symptom experiences of many patients. The objective of this study was to better understand therapeutic change, by illustrating how symptoms evolve and interact during psychotherapy. Data from 113,608 patients from psychological therapy services who completed depression and anxiety symptom measures across three to six therapy sessions were analysed. A panel graphical vector-autoregression model was estimated in a model development sample (N = 68,165) and generalizability was tested in a confirmatory model, fitted to a separate (hold-out) sample of patients (N = 45,443). The model displayed an excellent fit and replicated in the confirmatory holdout sample. First, we found that nearly all symptoms were statistically related to each other (i.e. dense connectivity), indicating that no one symptom or association drives change. Second, the structure of symptom interrelations which emerged did not change across sessions. These findings provide a dynamic view of the process of symptom change during psychotherapy and give rise to several causal hypotheses relating to structure, mechanism, and process.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Psychotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35760940
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14901-8 -
Addictive Behaviors Jun 2022Young adulthood (ages 18 to 30 years old), a developmental age of exploration, is marked by new experiences and transitions. Cannabis use frequency is highest in young... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Young adulthood (ages 18 to 30 years old), a developmental age of exploration, is marked by new experiences and transitions. Cannabis use frequency is highest in young adulthood compared to other age periods. Social anxiety (characterized by fear, shyness, and inhibition in social situations where scrutiny and judgment is possible) is also prevalent during young adulthood. Social anxiety may be a complex predictor of cannabis use frequency and problems (e.g., any negative physical, emotional, or social outcome from use). Social anxiety may act as a risk factor as individuals may use cannabis frequently to manage their fear of negative evaluation and associated unpleasant affective states. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the magnitude of the associations between social anxiety and two cannabis variables (frequency of use and problems) in young adulthood. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies that included measures of social anxiety and at least one cannabis-related variable of interest among young adults. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results revealed a small, statistically significant positive association between social anxiety and cannabis problems (r = 0.197, k = 16, p = <0.001), and a nonsignificant association between social anxiety and cannabis use frequency (r = 0.002, k = 16, p = 0.929). The association between social anxiety and cannabis use frequency was moderated by the mean age such that samples with older mean ages exhibited a stronger correlation. Additionally, the association between social anxiety and cannabis problems was moderated by clinically significant levels of social anxiety, such that samples with fewer participants who met clinical levels of social anxiety exhibit a stronger correlation. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there is a complex relation between social anxiety and cannabis outcomes during young adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Cannabis; Fear; Humans; Young Adult
PubMed: 35184002
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107275 -
Reviews in the Neurosciences Apr 2020Many students suffer from anxiety when performing numerical calculations. Mathematics anxiety is a condition that has a negative effect on educational outcomes and... (Review)
Review
Many students suffer from anxiety when performing numerical calculations. Mathematics anxiety is a condition that has a negative effect on educational outcomes and future employment prospects. While there are a multitude of behavioral studies on mathematics anxiety, its underlying cognitive and neural mechanism remain unclear. This article provides a systematic review of cognitive studies that investigated mathematics anxiety. As there are no prior neural network models of mathematics anxiety, this article discusses how previous neural network models of mathematical cognition could be adapted to simulate the neural and behavioral studies of mathematics anxiety. In other words, here we provide a novel integrative network theory on the links between mathematics anxiety, cognition, and brain substrates. This theoretical framework may explain the impact of mathematics anxiety on a range of cognitive and neuropsychological tests. Therefore, it could improve our understanding of the cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying mathematics anxiety and also has important applications. Indeed, a better understanding of mathematics anxiety could inform more effective therapeutic techniques that in turn could lead to significant improvements in educational outcomes.
Topics: Anxiety; Brain; Cognition; Connectome; Humans; Mathematics
PubMed: 31730536
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0068 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Sep 2021Many dermatology patients experience social anxiety symptoms; however, few studies have investigated vulnerabilities contributing to this distress. Anxiety sensitivity... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Many dermatology patients experience social anxiety symptoms; however, few studies have investigated vulnerabilities contributing to this distress. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), or the fear of the consequences of anxiety, warrants consideration given its association with social anxiety and dermatological symptoms, respectively. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the role of AS in social anxiety symptoms in two samples of adults with psychodermatological conditions. AS social, but not physical or cognitive, concerns were hypothesized to demonstrate unique associations with social anxiety symptoms after controlling for relevant variables. Participants completed self-report measures online (Study 1) or in-person (Study 2). Study 1 included 164 participants with active skin conditions (M = 31.88; 69.5% female; 83.5% White), and Study 2 included 63 dermatology outpatients (M = 51.49; 70.7% female; 65% White). Results revealed AS social concerns was a unique factor contributing to social anxiety symptoms in both samples. This study demonstrates replication, and the findings suggest heightened concerns about the negative consequences related to visible skin conditions may worsen social anxiety symptoms in individuals with psychodermatological conditions. Despite limitations, this study informs the conceptualization of co-occurring psychological and dermatological conditions and highlights the need to evaluate the efficacy of brief AS interventions among patients with psychodermatological conditions.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Self Report; Skin Diseases; Social Stigma; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult
PubMed: 32857186
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02130-w