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Viruses Aug 2022Mayaro virus is an emerging arbovirus that causes nonspecific febrile illness or arthralgia syndromes similar to the Chikungunya virus, a virus closely related from the... (Review)
Review
Mayaro virus is an emerging arbovirus that causes nonspecific febrile illness or arthralgia syndromes similar to the Chikungunya virus, a virus closely related from the family. MAYV outbreaks occur more frequently in the northern and central-western states of Brazil; however, in recent years, virus circulation has been spreading to other regions. Due to the undifferentiated initial clinical symptoms between MAYV and other endemic pathogenic arboviruses with geographic overlapping, identification of patients infected by MAYV might be underreported. Additionally, the lack of specific prophylactic approaches or antiviral drugs limits the pharmacological management of patients to treat symptoms like pain and inflammation, as is the case with most pathogenic alphaviruses. In this context, this review aims to present the state-of-the-art regarding the screening and development of compounds/molecules which may present anti-MAYV activity and infection inhibition.
Topics: Alphavirus; Alphavirus Infections; Antiviral Agents; Arboviruses; Chikungunya virus; Drug Development; Humans
PubMed: 36016409
DOI: 10.3390/v14081787 -
Parasites & Vectors Oct 2019Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika... (Review)
Review
Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. We also present current putative data that Mayaro, o'nyong'nyong, Oropouche, Spondweni and Lumbo viruses exist in sylvatic cycles.
Topics: Africa; Americas; Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Asia; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Primate Diseases
PubMed: 31578140
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3732-0 -
Cell Reports Aug 2023Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are an increasing threat to global health. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is...
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are an increasing threat to global health. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is considered the main antiviral immune pathway of insects, but its effective impact on arbovirus transmission is surprisingly poorly understood. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in vivo to mutate Dicer2, a gene encoding the RNA sensor and key component of the siRNA pathway. The loss of Dicer2 enhances early viral replication and systemic viral dissemination of four medically significant arboviruses (chikungunya, Mayaro, dengue, and Zika viruses) representing two viral families. However, Dicer2 mutants and wild-type mosquitoes display overall similar levels of vector competence. In addition, Dicer2 mutants undergo significant virus-induced mortality during infection with chikungunya virus. Together, our results define a multifaceted role for Dicer2 in the transmission of arboviruses by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and pave the way for further mechanistic investigations.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arboviruses; Aedes; Mosquito Vectors; Zika Virus; RNA, Small Interfering; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 37573505
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112977 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are... (Review)
Review
Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are predominately transmitted to humans through blood-feeding behavior of three main groups of biting arthropods: ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies. The pathogens harbored by these blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) are transferred to animal hosts through deposition of virus-rich saliva into the skin. Sometimes these infections become systemic and can lead to neuro-invasion and life-threatening viral encephalitis. Factors intrinsic to the arboviral vectors can greatly influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infections, with mounting evidence that BFA saliva and salivary proteins can shift the trajectory of viral infection in the host. This review provides an overview of arbovirus infection and ways in which vectors influence viral pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on how saliva and salivary gland extracts from the three dominant arbovirus vectors impact the trajectory of the cellular immune response to arbovirus infection in the skin.
Topics: Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Arthropod Vectors; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Saliva
PubMed: 34502092
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179173 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jun 2022The newly established virus family Phenuiviridae in Bunyavirales harbors viruses infecting three kingdoms of host organisms (animals, plants, and fungi), which is rare... (Review)
Review
The newly established virus family Phenuiviridae in Bunyavirales harbors viruses infecting three kingdoms of host organisms (animals, plants, and fungi), which is rare in known virus families. Many phenuiviruses are arboviruses and replicate in two distinct hosts (e.g., insects and humans or rice). Multiple phenuivirid species, such as Dabie bandavirus, Rift Valley fever phlebovirus, and Rice stripe tenuivirus, are highly pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants. They impose heavy global burdens on human health, livestock industry, and agriculture and are research hotspots. In recent years the taxonomy of Phenuiviridae has been expanded greatly, and research on phenuiviruses has made significant progress. With these advances, this review drew a novel panorama regarding the biomedical significance, distribution, morphology, genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenesis, and control of phenuiviruses, to aid researchers in various fields to recognize this highly adaptive and important virus family and conduct relevant risk analysis.
Topics: Animals; Arboviruses; Genomics; Humans; Phlebovirus; RNA Viruses
PubMed: 35072274
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27618 -
Viruses Jan 2022Alphaviruses () are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors...
Alphaviruses () are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South American indigenous species. In this work, we report the genomic detection and identification of two different alphaviruses in oral swabs from bats captured in Northern Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis identified Río Negro virus (RNV) in two different species: ( = 6) and spp. ( = 1) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in spp. ( = 2). Previous studies of our group identified RNV and EEEV in mosquitoes and horse serology, suggesting that they may be circulating in enzootic cycles in our country. Our findings reveal that bats can be infected by these arboviruses and that chiropterans could participate in the viral natural cycle as virus amplifiers or dead-end hosts. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of these mammals in the biological cycle of these alphaviruses in Uruguay.
Topics: Alphavirus; Alphavirus Infections; Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Chiroptera; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine; Phylogeny; Uruguay
PubMed: 35215862
DOI: 10.3390/v14020269 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2019Chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses share many attributes. All are complex and widespread zoonoses of subhuman primates that have made successful... (Review)
Review
Chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses share many attributes. All are complex and widespread zoonoses of subhuman primates that have made successful transitions to the urban Aedes aegypti transmission cycle. More important, they have an established record of travelling, having moved from their place of origin hundreds of years ago, sometimes repeatedly. Understanding their epidemiology requires a knowledge of past behaviors including unexplained restraints to their travel. This is a review of mechanisms that may contribute to invasiveness and pathogenicity of these important human pathogens.
Topics: Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Travel-Related Illness
PubMed: 31472285
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101471 -
Viruses Nov 2020The continuing emergence of arbovirus disease outbreaks around the world, despite the use of vector control strategies, warrants the development of new strategies to... (Review)
Review
The continuing emergence of arbovirus disease outbreaks around the world, despite the use of vector control strategies, warrants the development of new strategies to reduce arbovirus transmission. Superinfection exclusion, a phenomenon whereby a primary virus infection prevents the replication of a second closely related virus, has potential to control arbovirus disease emergence and outbreaks. This phenomenon has been observed for many years in plants, insects and mammalian cells. In this review, we discuss the significance of identifying novel vector control strategies, summarize studies exploring arbovirus superinfection exclusion and consider the potential for this phenomenon to be the basis for novel arbovirus control strategies.
Topics: Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Culicidae; Humans; Mosquito Control; Mosquito Vectors; Superinfection; Virus Replication
PubMed: 33167513
DOI: 10.3390/v12111259 -
Parasites & Vectors Apr 2023This meeting report presents the key findings and discussion points of a 3-h virtual workshop, held on 21 September 2022, and organized by the "Resilience Against Future...
This meeting report presents the key findings and discussion points of a 3-h virtual workshop, held on 21 September 2022, and organized by the "Resilience Against Future Threats through Vector Control (RAFT)" research consortium. The workshop aimed to identify priorities for advancing arbovirus research, network and capacity strengthening in Africa. Due to increasing human population growth, urbanization and global movement (trade, tourism, travel), mosquito-borne arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, are increasing globally in their distribution and prevalence. This report summarizes the presentations that reviewed the current status of arboviruses in Africa, including: (i) key findings from the recent WHO/Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR) survey in 47 African countries that revealed deep and widespread shortfalls in the capacity to cope with arbovirus outbreak preparedness, surveillance and control; (ii) the value of networking in this context, with examples of African countries regarding arbovirus surveillance; and (iii) the main priorities identified by the breakout groups on "research gaps", "networks" and "capacity strengthening".
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aedes; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Chikungunya Fever; Dengue; Mosquito Vectors; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 37059998
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05748-7 -
Clinical Imaging May 2022Arboviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses maintained in nature in cycles that involve arthropod vectors. The arboviruses that cause disease in humans are members of the... (Review)
Review
Arboviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses maintained in nature in cycles that involve arthropod vectors. The arboviruses that cause disease in humans are members of the Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Reoviridae families. These viral species have geographically and climatically restricted distributions due to particular ecological and vector features. The main emerging arboviruses in the Americas are dengue, zika, yellow fever (Flaviviridae), and chikungunya (Togaviridae). All of these viruses can be transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Although not commonly, these infections are associated with neurological complications, characterized mainly by hemorrhage, encephalitis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and/or congenital malformations. This review describes the imaging features of the neurological complications of these emerging arbovirus infections.
Topics: Americas; Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Humans; Mosquito Vectors; Neuroimaging; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 35247791
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.02.028