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Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2022Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing...
AIMS
Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the occurrence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in 2945 milk samples.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Arcobacter data systematically retrieved from 5 repositories until 20/02/2022 according to PRISMA principles was logit transformed and fitted using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The between-study heterogeneity was estimated as I2-value. Leave-one-out-cross-validation and funnel plot with Egger's tests was used to assess the hardiness and bias in the model. The global prevalence of Arcobacter genus in the milk was 12% [95%-CI: 7-19%; I2 = 87.3%, 95%-CI: 83.0-90.6%] and no publication bias observed (Eggers' test: p = 0.112). Arcobacter genus prevalence in milk was 13% (95%-CI: 5-30%), 10% (95%-CI: 1-46%), and 9% (95%-CI: 4-19%) in Europe, South America, and Asia, respectively. A. butzleri was the most prevalent (8% [95%-CI: 4-13%]), then A. cryaerophilus (0.6% [95%-CI: 0.2-33.2%]) and A. skirrowii (0.19% [95%-CI: 0.03-1.2%]). Also species-specific prevalence of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii varied continentally, but the test for species-specific/continental differences were not significantly different (p > 0.5).
PubMed: 36626761
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac037 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023was recognized as an emerging enteropathogen and controversies regarding its classification persisted. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomy of utilizing the 16S...
was recognized as an emerging enteropathogen and controversies regarding its classification persisted. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomy of utilizing the 16S rRNA gene, 23S rRNA gene, single-copy orthologous genes, as well as genomic indices such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and DNA-DNA hybridization (). The taxonomy of this genus was reevaluated in this study using multiple indices with a dataset of 371 genomes comprising 34 known species and 14 potentially new species. Good discrimination could be achieved only in some species but not for the species with higher sequence similarity using the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene and 23S rRNA gene sequences. A high-accuracy phylogenomic approach for was established using 84 single-copy orthologous genes obtained through various bioinformatics methods. One marker gene (gene711), which was found to possess the same distinguishing ability as ANI, and single-copy orthologous methods, was identified as a reliable locus for inferring the phylogeny of the genus. The effective species classification was achieved by employing gene711 with a sequence similarity exceeding 96%, even for species like , , and , which exhibited ambiguous classification using ANI and . Additionally, excellent subspecies categorizing among could be distinguished using gene711. In conclusion, this framework strategy had the potential advantage of developing rapid species identification, particularly for highly variable species, providing a novel insight into the behavior and characteristics of .
PubMed: 37881248
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278268 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jul 2020Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia... (Review)
Review
Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia in humans and enteritis, stillbirth, and abortion in animals. Since its recognition as emerging pathogen on 2002, advancements have been made in elucidating its pathogenicity and epidemiology, also thanks to advent of genomics, which, moreover, contributed in emending its taxonomy. In this review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. Moreover, the implication of A. butzleri in the safety of foods is pinpointed, and culture-dependent and independent detection, identification, and typing methods as well as strategies to control and prevent the survival and growth of this pathogen are provided.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Food Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 33337088
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12577 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020Rapid and accurate identification of is of great importance because it is considered an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen and potential zoonotic agent. Raman...
Rapid and accurate identification of is of great importance because it is considered an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen and potential zoonotic agent. Raman spectroscopy can differentiate bacteria based on Raman scattering spectral patterns of whole cells in a fast, reagentless, and easy-to-use manner. We aimed to detect and discriminate bacteria at the species level using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy (785 nm) coupled with neural networks. A total of 82 reference and field isolates of 18 species from clinical, environmental, and agri-food sources were included. We determined that the bacterial cultivation time and growth temperature did not significantly influence the Raman spectral reproducibility and discrimination capability. The genus could be successfully differentiated from the closely related genera and using principal-component analysis. For the identification of to the species level, an accuracy of 97.2% was achieved for all 18 species using Raman spectroscopy combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The predictive capability of Raman-CNN was further validated using an independent data set of 12 strains. Furthermore, a Raman spectroscopy-based fully connected artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to determine the actual ratio of a specific species in a bacterial mixture ranging from 5% to 100% by biomass (regression coefficient >0.99). The application of both CNN and fully connected ANN improved the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy for bacterial species determination compared to the conventional chemometrics. This newly developed approach enables rapid identification and species determination of within an hour following cultivation. Rapid identification of bacterial pathogens is critical for developing an early warning system and performing epidemiological investigation. is an emerging foodborne pathogen and has become more important in recent decades. The incidence of species in the agro-ecosystem is probably underestimated mainly due to the limitation in the available detection and characterization techniques. Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning can accurately identify at the species level in a rapid and reliable manner, providing a promising tool for epidemiological surveillance of this microbe in the agri-food chain. The knowledge elicited from this study has the potential to be used for routine bacterial screening and diagnostics by the government, food industry, and clinics.
Topics: Arcobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; Neural Networks, Computer; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 32801186
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00924-20 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of from the food-environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science... (Review)
Review
This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of from the food-environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science mapping. The search term "Arcobacter" was used to retrieve relevant articles published in Web of Science and Scopus between 1991 to 2019. The number of articles included in the review was 524, with 1304 authors, 172 journal sources, and a collaborative index of 2.55. The annual growth rate of the publications was 9.74%. The most contributing author in the field was Houf K., with 40 publications, 26 h-index, and 2020 total citations. The most productive country was the USA (13.33%). The majority of the articles were published in English (96%) and in the Journal of Food Protection (8.02%). The highest research outputs were in the field of Microbiology (264). The frequently occurred keywords were , poultry, shellfish, cattle, and chicken. This study revealed a fair increase in the growth rate of -related research-especially in the area of isolation and detection of the pathogen in foods and food environments, as well as the pathogenesis and genetic diversity of the pathogen. Research themes in the area of prevalence and epidemiology seem to be underexplored.
PubMed: 34359542
DOI: 10.3390/foods10071673 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
RESULTS
The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). had highest prevalence among species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with species.
PubMed: 33613907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5027 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2021Arcobacter species are gram-negative rods that have been implicated in food- and waterborne illness. Although various cultural isolation methods have been proposed, the...
ABSTRACT
Arcobacter species are gram-negative rods that have been implicated in food- and waterborne illness. Although various cultural isolation methods have been proposed, the current procedures are unable to fully suppress the growth of background microbiota present in food samples, which inhibits Arcobacter isolation. The purpose of this study was to develop a selective enrichment broth and chromogenic plating medium to detect three Arcobacter species that have been recognized as emerging foodborne pathogens: Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii. The developed Nguyen-Restaino-Juárez (NRJ) Arcobacter detection system consists of a selective enrichment broth (NRJ-B) and a selective-differential plating medium (NRJ-M). The protocol of the detection method was determined by evaluating the growth of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii under various temperatures (30, 35, and 42°C) and incubation (aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic) conditions. Additionally, 47 Arcobacter strains and 39 non-Arcobacter strains were tested in inclusivity and exclusivity evaluations of NRJ-B and NRJ-M. Overall, the study determined that the optimal growth conditions of Arcobacter species using the NRJ Arcobacter detection system were aerobic incubation at 30°C. NRJ-B supported good growth of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii while effectively suppressing the growth of non-Arcobacter strains after 48 h. Furthermore, NRJ-M yielded 97.8% inclusivity and 100.0% exclusivity using the tested strains and resulted in salmon-pigmented Arcobacter colonies (1.0 to 1.5 mm in diameter) after 72 h. The novel protocol is the first to develop a chromogenic plating medium for the isolation of Arcobacter species. This simple and accurate test method would greatly contribute to understanding the distribution of pathogenic Arcobacter species in food samples.
Topics: Agar; Arcobacter; Culture Media
PubMed: 33411930
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-245 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2022Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are pointed as hotspots for the introduction of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria as well as their antibiotic resistance... (Review)
Review
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are pointed as hotspots for the introduction of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria as well as their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in receiving water bodies. For the first time, the effect of partially treated submarine effluents was explored at the bottom and surface of the water column to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure of the microbiome and associated AR, and to assess environmental factors leading to their alteration. Seawater samples were collected over a 5-month period from submarine outfalls in central Adriatic Sea, Croatia. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to establish taxonomic and resistome profiles of the bacterial communities. The community differences observed between the two discharge areas, especially in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, could be due to the origin of wastewaters treated in WWTPs and the limiting environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrients. PICRUSt2 analysis inferred the total content of ARGs in the studied microbiomes and showed the highest abundance of resistance genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps, such as MexAB-OprM, AcrEF-TolC and MdtEF-TolC, followed by the modified peptidoglycan precursors, transporter genes encoding tetracycline, macrolide and phenicol resistance, and the bla operon conferring β-lactam resistance. A number of pathogenic genera introduced by effluents, including Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella, were predicted to account for the majority of efflux pump-driven multidrug resistance, while Acinetobacter, Salmonella, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were also shown to be the predominant carriers of non-efflux ARGs conferring resistance to most of nine antibiotic classes. Taken together, we evidenced the negative impact of submarine discharges of treated effluents via alteration of physico-chemical characteristics of the water column and enrichment of bacterial community with nonindigenous taxa carrying an arsenal of ARGs, which could contribute to the further propagation of the AR in the natural environment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Croatia; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wastewater
PubMed: 34619178
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118282 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Feb 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 31895525
DOI: 10.37201/req/060.2019